scholarly journals The Takeda Three Colors Combination Test: A Screening Test for Detection of Very Mild Alzheimer’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Takeda ◽  
Kayo Tajime ◽  
Toshiatsu Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Administration Time ◽  
Combination Test

Background. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and is prevalent worldwide. It is expected that AD, for which aging is a risk factor, will increase in the future. Because early detection of AD has become increasingly important, promoting demand for screening tests with adequate sensitivity. In this study, we examined the usefulness of the Takeda Three Colors Combination Test (TTCC) for screening of the very mild AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).Methods. 154 senior persons participated in the research: 55 with very mild AD, 45 with aMCI, and 54 control group. The TTCC, which was a colored cards configuration memory task, was examined for sensitivity and specificity.Results. The sensitivity of the TTCC was 76% and 47% for the very mild AD and aMCI groups, and the specificity was 83%. Conducting TTCC (including instruction and evaluation) was accomplished within 2 minutes for all subjects.Conclusion. The TTCC is useful screening test for early detection of AD. Furthermore, administration time is short and requires no special training or skills. Thus, we believe the TTCC shows great potential for use as an AD screening test by a general practitioner in communities worldwide.

Validation of a French Version of an Informant-Based Questionnaire as a Screening Test for Alzheimer's Disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Law ◽  
Christina Wolfson
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
French Version ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Elderly Living

BackgroundDevelopment of informant-based screening tests for dementia is an emerging field. The reliability and validity of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE), an instrument that screens for dementia in general, have been established. We conducted a study to validate a French version of the IQCODE as a screening test for Alzheimer's dementia in the elderly living in the community.MethodIn the Canadian Study of Health and Aging, subjects were screened in their own homes using the Modified Mini-Mental State Exam (3-MS). Those who screened positive, along with a sample of subjects who screened negative, were referred for a complete clinical examination. In Quebec, an informant was asked to complete the French version, IQCODE (F), at that time. Based on the final clinical diagnoses, performances of the IQCODE (F) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE, converted from 3-MS) in screening for Alzheimer's disease were evaluated.ResultsOf the 237 subjects, the mean IQCODE (F) score was 3.4 (s.d. = 0.6), on a 5-point scale (1 = improvement in condition over the past 10 years, 5 = marked deterioration, 3 = no change). The mean MMSE score was 23.1 (s.d. = 4.5). The scores on the two scales were correlated (r = –0.44, P < 0.001). The IQCODE (F) scores were unrelated to education (r = –0.07, P > 0.3) in contrast to the MMSE scores (r = 0.28, P < 0.001). With respect to a diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease, the IQCODE (F) (cut-off point 3.6) had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 95.6%. The sensitivity and specificity of the MMSE (cut-off point 23) were 70% and 82.3% respectively.ConclusionThe findings of the IQCODE (F) are consistent with those of the English version in correlation with the MMSE and apparent freedom from educational bias. The IQCODE is superior to the MMSE as a screening test for probable Alzheimer's disease in the elderly living in the community. It may be a useful addition to the screening tests already available, especially for the less well educated.

scholarly journals Strategies and Structures in Verbal Fluency Tasks in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kessler ◽  
M. Bley ◽  
R. Mielke ◽  
E. Kalbe
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reduced Word ◽  
Searching Strategy

Reduced word production in verbal fluency tasks is a sensitive indicator for brain damage. Patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are supposedly more affected in semantic than in letter fluency, which is probably resulting from partially destroyed structure of semantic knowledge, whereas in letter fluency tasks the patients can use phonemic cues for searching. In this study, 21 patients with probable AD according to NINCDS-ADRDA criteria were examined on a verbal fluency task with F, A, S as initial letters, and a supermarket task. Performances were compared with a control group. Patients with AD showed lower word rate in all tasks than the control group. The difference was most significant in the supermarket task. Both groups produced most of the words in the supermarket task, followed by S, A and F. They both showed a percentuallikely distribution pattern of items into different supermarket categories. The items of the supermarket task were mostly ranged in clusters (patients with AD 70%, control group 83%). Patients with AD, however, on average, used fewer categories which they also filled with fewer items. In the F, A, S test, patients with AD mainly produced nouns, whereas the control group named nearly twice as many adjectives and verbs. In patients with AD word generation was highly correlated with degree of dementia, free recall of a verbal memory task, and the Token test. Low word production and qualitatively changed output in patients with AD might relate to an inefficient searching strategy, attentional deficits and/or degraded semantic knowledge.

Deep Learning of Speech Data for Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease in the Elderly: Preliminary Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyoun-Joong Kong ◽  
Kichan Ahn ◽  
Minwoo Cho ◽  
Suk Wha Kim ◽  
Kyu Eun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Remote Health

BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, and it is a disease that makes it difficult for patients and their families due to various symptoms. For these reasons, early detection is very important, and after early detection, symptoms can be alleviated through medication and treatment. OBJECTIVE Since Alzheimer's disease strongly induces language disorders, our research goal is detecting Alzheimer's disease quickly and easily through the analysis of language characteristics. METHODS Using the Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS), which is the most used in Korean public health centers, negative answers were obtained according to the questionnaire. Among the acquired voices, significant questionnaires and answers were selected, spectrogrammed, and converted into MFCC. After accumulating significant answers, training data was created, augmented, and then trained on various deep learning models and the results were observed. RESULTS Due to the lack of data, the results of the five-fold cross validation were more significant than the holdout method. the accuracy of separating AD patients from the control group using Densnet121 was 91.25%. CONCLUSIONS In this regard, the potential for remote health care can be increased by simplifying the AD screening process. By facilitating remote health care, the proposed method is expected to enhancing the accessibility of AD screening and increase the rate of early AD detection. CLINICALTRIAL IRB No. CNUH2019-02-068

scholarly journals The Mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) as a brief cognitive screening instrument in Mild Cognitive Impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-373
Author(s):  
Diane da Costa Miranda ◽  
Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki ◽  
Mônica Sanches Yassuda
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Administration Time ◽  
Addenbrooke’S Cognitive Examination

ABSTRACT The Mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) is a brief cognitive screening test that evaluates four main cognitive domains (orientation, memory, language and visuospatial function) with a maximum score of 30 points and administration time of five minutes. Objective: To assess the performance of healthy elderly, MCI patients and mild AD patients using the Brazilian version of the M-ACE. Methods: The test was applied to a group of 36 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), 23 mild Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and 25 cognitive healthy elderly. All participants were aged ≥60 years. Results: The M-ACE displayed high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha >0.8; 95% CI 0.7-0.8) and proved effective for differentiating the AD group from MCI and control groups, providing superior accuracy than the MMSE (the cut-off point of 20 points had the highest sensitivity and specificity – 95.6% and 90.16% respectively, with a high area under the curve – AUC=0.8; 95% CI 0.7-0.9). Performance on the M-ACE was strongly correlated with that of the MMSE and Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ). The M-ACE was not accurate in discriminating MCI from control subjects. Conclusion: The M-ACE is a brief screening test which provided high accuracy for diagnosing AD in this sample. The suggested cut-off point in this study was 20 points for AD.

Alzheimer’s Disease: Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate Content and Circulating Erythropoietin

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 834-835
Author(s):  
Petter Järemo ◽  
Alenka Jejcic ◽  
Vesna Jelic ◽  
Tasmin Shahnaz ◽  
Homira Behbahani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Oxygen Release ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
2,3 Dpg

Background: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) features the accumulation of β-amyloid in erythrocytes. The subsequent red cell damage may well affect their oxygen-carrying capabilities. 2,3- diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) binds to the hemoglobin thereby promoting oxygen release. It is theorized that 2,3-DPG is reduced in AD and that the resulting hypoxia triggers erythropoietin (EPO) release. Methods & Objective: To explore this theory, we analyzed red cell 2,3-DPG content and EPO in AD, mild cognitive impairment, and the control group, subjective cognitive impairment. Results: We studied (i) 2,3-DPG in red cells, and (ii) circulating EPO in AD, and both markers were unaffected by dementia. Disturbances of these oxygen-regulatory pathways do not appear to participate in brain hypoxia in AD.

Allocentric to Egocentric Spatial Switching: Impairment in aMCI and Alzheimer's Disease Patients?

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennaro Ruggiero ◽  
Alessandro Iavarone ◽  
Tina Iachini
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Reference Frame ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Spatial Representations ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Spatial Memory Task ◽  
Switching Condition ◽  
Normal Controls

Objective: Deficits in egocentric (subject-to-object) and allocentric (object-to-object) spatial representations, with a mainly allocentric impairment, characterize the first stages of the Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: To identify early cognitive signs of AD conversion, some studies focused on amnestic-Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) by reporting alterations in both reference frames, especially the allocentric ones. However, spatial environments in which we move need the cooperation of both reference frames. Such cooperating processes imply that we constantly switch from allocentric to egocentric frames and vice versa. This raises the question of whether alterations of switching abilities might also characterize an early cognitive marker of AD, potentially suitable to detect the conversion from aMCI to dementia. Here, we compared AD and aMCI patients with Normal Controls (NC) on the Ego-Allo- Switching spatial memory task. The task assessed the capacity to use switching (Ego-Allo, Allo-Ego) and non-switching (Ego-Ego, Allo-Allo) verbal judgments about relative distances between memorized stimuli. Results: The novel finding of this study is the neat impairment shown by aMCI and AD in switching from allocentric to egocentric reference frames. Interestingly, in aMCI when the first reference frame was egocentric, the allocentric deficit appeared attenuated. Conclusion: This led us to conclude that allocentric deficits are not always clinically detectable in aMCI since the impairments could be masked when the first reference frame was body-centred. Alongside, AD and aMCI also revealed allocentric deficits in the non-switching condition. These findings suggest that switching alterations would emerge from impairments in hippocampal and posteromedial areas and from concurrent dysregulations in the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline system or pre-frontal cortex.

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