scholarly journals Investigation of Anti-Infection Mechanism of Lactoferricin and Splunc-1

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung An Tsou ◽  
Hung-Jin Huang ◽  
Wesley Wen Yang Lin ◽  
Calvin Yu-Chian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
The Body ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Defense System ◽  
First Line ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Infection Source

The innate immune system is the first line in the defense system and prevents the body from further bacteria, virus, or fungal infections. Most of the innate immune system is relevant to mucosa immunity. Lactotransferrin is secreted from the human mammal breast duct epithelial tissue and strengthens infant immunity to defense with regard to outward pathogens. Splunc-1 is also an innate material secreted from the soft palate, lung, nasal cavity epithelium, and mucosa. It helps with mucosa defense against bacterial, virus, and even fungus. LPS is the main etiology of Gram-negative bacilla infection source. And studies of lactoferricin and slpunc-1 both can combine with LPS and subsequently cause insults to the mucosa. Although, we know that both of them partake in an important role in innate immunity, we do not know the effects when they work together. In this study, we just overview silicon stimulation to examine the combination of Lactoferricin and Splunc-1 and the effect with regard to LPS.

scholarly journals Innate immunity and the pneumococcus

Microbiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin K. Paterson ◽  
Tim J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
First Line ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Made In

The innate immune system provides a non-specific first line of defence against microbes and is crucial both in the development and effector stages of subsequent adaptive immune responses. Consistent with its importance, study of the innate immune system is a broad and fast-moving field. Here we provide an overview of the recent key advances made in this area with relation to the important pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus).

scholarly journals Peptidoglycan O-Acetylation as a Virulence Factor: Its Effect on Lysozyme in the Innate Immune System

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley S. Brott ◽  
Anthony J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
First Line ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Important Virulence Factor ◽  
Novel Target

The peptidoglycan sacculus of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria acts as a protective mesh and provides structural support around the entirety of the cell. The integrity of this structure is of utmost importance for cell viability and so naturally is the first target for attack by the host immune system during bacterial infection. Lysozyme, a muramidase and the first line of defense of the innate immune system, targets the peptidoglycan sacculus hydrolyzing the β-(1→4) linkage between repeating glycan units, causing lysis and the death of the invading bacterium. The O-acetylation of N-acetylmuramoyl residues within peptidoglycan precludes the productive binding of lysozyme, and in doing so renders it inactive. This modification has been shown to be an important virulence factor in pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae and is currently being investigated as a novel target for anti-virulence therapies. This article reviews interactions made between peptidoglycan and the host immune system, specifically with respect to lysozyme, and how the O-acetylation of the peptidoglycan interrupts these interactions, leading to increased pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Mecanismos de control neuroinmune y la vía colinérgica antiinflamatoria

Tequio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Yobana Pérez-Cervera ◽  
Rafael Torres Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
First Line ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms ◽  
Cholinergic Pathway ◽  
Pharmacological Control

The innate immune system is the first line of defense involved in protecting against external pathogens and is crucial for survival. However, uncontrolled activation of the immune system can result in more damage than the factor that triggered them, causing atrophic scarring, chronic inflammation and even Systemic inflammation events such as Lupus, arthritis, Crohn’s disease or sepsis. Fortunately, there are neuronal mechanisms of inflammatory control which could be part of new therapeutic strategies to be studied for a better control of this type of pathologies. In the last decade, the cholinergic pathway has been described as part of the neuronal mechanisms that can be exogenous activated for the non-pharmacological control of inflammatory diseases, the aim of this review is to present the evidence in basic research and encourage the research in medical practice.

scholarly journals Neutrophils—From Bone Marrow to First-Line Defense of the Innate Immune System

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Felix Kraus ◽  
Michael Andreas Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
First Line

Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells; PMNs) form a first line of defense against pathogens and are therefore an important component of the innate immune response. As a result of poorly controlled activation, however, PMNs can also mediate tissue damage in numerous diseases, often by increasing tissue inflammation and injury. According to current knowledge, PMNs are not only part of the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases but also of conditions with disturbed tissue homeostasis such as trauma and shock. Scientific advances in the past two decades have changed the role of neutrophils from that of solely immune defense cells to cells that are responsible for the general integrity of the body, even in the absence of pathogens. To better understand PMN function in the human organism, our review outlines the role of PMNs within the innate immune system. This review provides an overview of the migration of PMNs from the vascular compartment to the target tissue as well as their chemotactic processes and illuminates crucial neutrophil immune properties at the site of the lesion. The review is focused on the formation of chemotactic gradients in interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the influence of the ECM on PMN function. In addition, our review summarizes current knowledge about the phenomenon of bidirectional and reverse PMN migration, neutrophil microtubules, and the microtubule organizing center in PMN migration. As a conclusive feature, we review and discuss new findings about neutrophil behavior in cancer environment and tumor tissue.

Neutrophil abnormalities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Bhole
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
First Line ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
And Function

Neutrophils are an important component of the innate immune system, forming the first line of defence against bacterial invasion. Abnormalities in either neutrophil numbers or function lead to immunodeficiency disorders affecting the innate immune system, with a predisposition towards developing serious and often life-threatening infections. Alterations in neutrophil numbers and function may also be noted secondary to systemic diseases, where they may act as markers for ongoing disease processes. Most of the primary neutrophil disorders discussed in this chapter will present in childhood. In adults, acquired neutropenia is the commonest neutrophil abnormality encountered in clinical practice, although, rarely, some primary neutrophil defects may present.

Autoinflammatory syndromes in neurology: when our first line of defence misbehaves

2021 ◽  
pp. practneurol-2021-003031
Author(s):  
William K Diprose ◽  
Anthony Jordan ◽  
Neil E Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
First Line ◽  
Autoinflammatory Syndromes ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Unexplained Fever ◽  
Neurological Features

Autoinflammatory syndromes result in a defective innate immune system. They are characterised by unexplained fever and systemic inflammation involving the skin, muscle, joints, serosa and eyes, along with elevated acute phase reactants. Autoinflammatory syndromes are increasingly recognised as a cause of neurological disease with a diverse range of manifestations. Corticosteroids, colchicine and targeted therapies are effective if started early, and hence the importance of recognising these syndromes. Here, we review the neurological features of specific autoinflammatory syndromes and our approach (as adult neurologists) to their diagnosis.

scholarly journals lncRNAs Regulate Innate Immune Responses and Their Roles in Macrophage Polarization

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Ying Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
First Line ◽  
New Class

The innate immune system is the first line of defense against microbial pathogens. The activated innate immune system plays important roles in eliciting antimicrobial defenses. Despite the benefits of innate immune responses, excessive inflammation will cause host damage. Thus, tight regulation of these processes is required for the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Recently, a new class of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has emerged as important regulators in many physiological and pathological processes. Dysregulated lncRNAs have been found to be associated with excessive or uncontrolled inflammation. In this brief review, we summarize the roles of functional lncRNAs in regulating innate immune responses. We also discuss the roles of lncRNAs in macrophage polarization, an important molecular event in the innate immune responses.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ENDOTOXIN AGGRESSION ON DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNE HOMEOSTASIS DAMAGES IN INFERTILE MEN

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
L.L. Vorontsova ◽  
V.A. Kovalenko ◽  
M.I. Dub ◽  
M.Ye. Zhuravlova
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Endotoxin Aggression

EFFECT OF ENDOTOXIN AGGRESSION ON DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNE HOMEOSTASIS DAMAGES IN INFERTILE MENVorontsova L.L., Kovalenko V.A., Dub M.I., Zhuravlova M.Ye.The article describes that studying condition of endotoxin-antiendotoxin system it has been revealed that endotoxin aggression occurs in infertile men it transforms acute character (in considerable decreasing ejaculate fertility) into chronic one (in absolute lack of fertile properties in ejaculate). Changes for indices of immune system link damaged indicate increasing tension, that, obviously, assumes alternative available agents (in particular, gram-negative bacteria), which further damages of spermatogenesis. It is possible to assume, that endotoxin aggression, in particular, chronic one is an important link for pathogenesis of male infertility, thought high concentrations in LPS potentiate immune phagocytic link, obviously, as compensator.Keywords: endotoxin, innate immune system, male infertility. РОЛЬ ЕНДОТОКСИНОВОЇ АГРЕСІЇ У РОЗВИТКУ ПОРУШЕНЬ ІМУННОГО ГОМЕОСТАЗУ У БЕЗПЛІДНИХ ЧОЛОВІКІВВоронцова Л.Л., Коваленко В.А., Дуб М.І., Журавльова М.Є.В результаті проведеного дослідження стану ендотоксин-антиендотоксинової системи виявлено, що у чоловіків з безпліддям має місце ендотоксинові агресія, яка змінює гострий характер (при значному зниженні фертильності еякуляту) на хронічний (при повній відсутності фертильних властивостей еякуляту). Зміни показників вродженої ланки імунної системи, що спостерігаються у безплідних чоловіків свідчать про зростання напруги, що, вочевидь, вказує на наявність альтернативних факторів (зокрема, грамнегативних бактерій), які сприяють, в свою чергу, порушенню сперматогенезу. Таким чином, ендотоксинова агресія, і зокрема хронічна, є важливою ланкою патогенезу чоловічого безпліддя, в той час як висока концентрація ЛПС сприяє активації фагоцитарної ланки імунної системи, вочевидь, компенсаторного характеру.Ключові слова: вроджений імунітет, ендотоксин, чоловіче безпліддя. РОЛЬ ЭНДОТОКСИНОВОЙ АГРЕССИИ В РАЗВИТИИ НАРУШЕНИЙ ИММУННОГО ГОМЕОСТАЗА У БЕСПЛОДНЫХ МУЖЧИН Воронцова Л.Л., Коваленко В.А., Дуб М.И., Журавлева М.Е.В результате проведенного исследования состояния энотоксин-антиэндотоксиновой системы выявлено, что у мужчин с бесплодием имеет место эндотоксиновая агрессия, которая изменяет острый характер (при значительном снижении фертильности эякулята) на хронический (при полном отсутствии фертильных свойств эякулята). Изменения показателей врожденного звена иммунной системы, наблюдающиеся у бесплодных мужчин, свидетельствуют об усилении напряжения, и, по-видимому, указывают на наличие альтернативных факторов (в частности, грамотрицательных бактерий), которые способствуют, в свою очередь, нарушению сперматогенеза. Таким образом, эндотоксиновая агрессия, и в частности хроническая, является важным звеном патогенеза мужского бесплодия, в то время как высокая концентрация ЛПС способствует активации фагоцитарного звена иммунной системы, по-видимому, компенсаторного характера.Ключевые слова: врожденный иммунитет, мужское бесплодие, эндотоксин.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document