scholarly journals Abnormal Early Gamma Responses to Emotional Faces Differentiate Unipolar from Bipolar Disorder Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Y. Liu ◽  
Y. S. Chen ◽  
T. P. Su ◽  
J. C. Hsieh ◽  
L. F. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Temporal Pole ◽  
The Right ◽  
Normal Controls

This study investigates the cortical abnormalities of early emotion perception in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) using gamma oscillations. Twenty-three MDD patients, twenty-five BD patients, and twenty-four normal controls were enrolled and their event-related magnetoencephalographic responses were recorded during implicit emotional tasks. Our results demonstrated abnormal gamma activity within 100 ms in the emotion-related regions (amygdala, orbitofrontal (OFC) cortex, anterior insula (AI), and superior temporal pole) in the MDD patients, suggesting that these patients may have dysfunctions or negativity biases in perceptual binding of emotional features at very early stage. Decreased left superior medial frontal cortex (smFC) responses to happy faces in the MDD patients were correlated with their serious level of depression symptoms, indicating that decreased smFC activity perhaps underlies irregular positive emotion processing in depressed patients. In the BD patients, we showed abnormal activation in visual regions (inferior/middle occipital and middle temporal cortices) which responded to emotional faces within 100 ms, supporting that the BD patients may hyperactively respond to emotional features in perceptual binding. The discriminant function of gamma activation in the left smFC, right medial OFC, right AI/inferior OFC, and the right precentral cortex accurately classified 89.6% of patients as unipolar/bipolar disorders.

The treatment of bipolar disorder in its early stages: current techniques, challenges, and future outlook

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajeet B. Singh ◽  
Harris A. Eyre ◽  
Edward Callaly ◽  
Michael Berk
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
Tailored Treatment ◽  
Psychosocial Impacts ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

The early intervention in psychiatry paradigm has offered the promise of improved tailored treatment. While pioneered in early psychosis, lines of evidence also suggest utility in early bipolar. A challenge is that the emergence of elevated states may post-date depression—preventing early diagnosis. Nonetheless, data suggests neuroprogression and an escalating diathesis to relapse occurs with successive episodes which may be impeded by early intervention. Mitigating psychosocial impacts, improving engagement, reducing the consequences of the progressive nature of the disorder, and enhancing adherence are key potential dividends of early intervention. This chapter provides an overview of the current literature, expert clinical opinions, and hints at future directions pertinent to early intervention. As genomics, informatics, and better appreciation of the importance of diet and lifestyle gain salience, there’s hope for a future rich with technologically enhanced tools to both sooner detect and intervene in early stage bipolar disorders to mitigate consequences.

Early recognition of bipolar disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Hauser ◽  
Andrea Pfennig ◽  
Seza Özgürdal ◽  
Andreas Heinz ◽  
Michael Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Early Symptom

AbstractBipolar disorders are frequently not diagnosed until long after their onset, leaving patients with no or correspondingly inadequate treatment. The course of the disorder is all the more severe and the negative repercussions for those affected all the greater. Concerted research effort is therefore going into learning how to recognize bipolar disorders at an early stage. Drawing on current research results, this paper presents considerations for an integrative Early Symptom Scale with which persons at risk can be identified and timely intervention initiated. This will require prospective studies to determine the predictive power of the risk factors integrated into the scale.

scholarly journals Increase in Right Temporal Cortex Thickness Is Related to Decline of Overall Cognitive Function in Patients With Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Ling Yue ◽  
Shifu Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Wood Block ◽  
Temporal Pole ◽  
The Right ◽  
Normal Controls

Background: Hypertension is associated with poorer cognitive functions, but the mechanisms are unclear.Objective: This research aims to explore the cognitive status of elderly patients with hypertension and the possible mechanisms of hypertension affecting cognitive function.Methods: Data were obtained from the China Longitudinal Aging Study (CLAS), and a total of 128 residents, aged 60 years and above, were recruited in this study. Based on whether they had hypertension, these 128 people were divided into the hypertension (n = 64) and non-hypertension groups (n = 64). The Beijing version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to assess the overall cognitive function of the subjects, while digit span, language fluency, Wechsler mapping, and Wechsler wood block were used to assess their domain-specific cognitive function (both at baseline and follow-up stages). At the same time, we also examined baseline blood biochemical indicators (such as total protein, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, and triglyceride) and baseline MRI data of hippocampus and amygdala volume and temporal polar cortex thickness.Results: The total protein and thickness of temporal polar cortex in patients with hypertension were significantly higher than those in normal controls, but the scores on MMSE, MoCA, digit span, Wechsler mapping and Wechsler wood block at baseline were significantly lower than those in normal controls (p < 0.05). By linear regression analysis and correlation analysis (age and education were controlled), we found that baseline Wechsler mapping scores were negatively correlated with total protein (B = −0.243, t = −3,735, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.371 to −0.114); and both the follow-up MMSE score (B = 2.657, t = 2.002, p = 0.049, 95% CI: 0.009~5.306) and the change score of MMSE (r = −0.025, p = 0.047) were related to the thickness of the right temporal pole cortex. Then, by linear regression analysis (mediating model), we found that hypertension may influence follow-up MMSE scores by influencing the cortical thickness of the right temporal pole (B = 1.727, p = 0.022, 95% CI: 0.261–3.193).Conclusions: Elderly patients with hypertension exhibit poorer overall cognitive function and executive function, and the mechanism may be related to the effect of hypertension on the cortical thickness of the right temporal pole.

Comparison of the Hypomania Check List-32 scale with the Mood Disorder Questionnaire on Spanish Sample

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
E. Vieta ◽  
A. Martinez-Aran ◽  
J. Sanchez-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bipolar Ii ◽  
Psychiatric Syndrome ◽  
The Right

Hypomania is perhaps the most difficult psychiatric syndrome to rule out retrospectively. However, the retrospective detection of hypomania is crucial for a correct diagnosis of bipolar disorder, and particularly bipolar II, and for the implementation of the right pharmacological treatment. Unfortunatelly, still nowadays, the misdiagnosis of bipolar II disorder as unipolar depression is very frequent, and may carry serious consequences for the patients. The availability of a good screening tool for past hypomania episodes would be extremely helpful.The psychometric study of the development of the HCL-32 scale in Spain exhibits high internal consistency and similar stability over time, in comparison with other instruments such as the MDQ and suggests that this scale may be very useful for the detection of bipolar disorder and past hypomania.The results of our study suggest the usefulness of the HCL-32 to screen out previous hypomanic symptoms in psychiatric patients, thus leading to better detection results than with the MDQ, although with the possibility of obtaining more false positives. HCL-32 has been shown to be a useful instrument for the detection of hypomania in patients with an affective disorder. The Spanish version exhibits good psychometric properties in relation to sensitivity and specificity. Given the difficulties involved in both the retrospective and cross-sectional diagnosis of hypomania, a key aspect of appropriate management of bipolar disorders, this questionnaire represents a potential improvement in clinicians’ ability to detect and correctly treat bipolar disorder, and in some aspects such as internal consistency, obtains better results than the MDQ.

scholarly journals Predicting pediatric anxiety from the temporal pole using neural responses to emotional faces

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Sawalha ◽  
Muhammad Yousefnezhad ◽  
Alessandro M. Selvitella ◽  
Bo Cao ◽  
Andrew J. Greenshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Adaptive Boosting ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
Pediatric Anxiety ◽  
Temporal Pole ◽  
The Right

AbstractA prominent cognitive aspect of anxiety is dysregulation of emotional interpretation of facial expressions, associated with neural activity from the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. We report machine learning analysis of fMRI results supporting a key role for a third area, the temporal pole (TP) for childhood anxiety in this context. This finding is based on differential fMRI responses to emotional faces (angry versus fearful faces) in children with one or more of generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, and social phobia (n = 22) compared with matched controls (n = 23). In our machine learning (Adaptive Boosting) model, the right TP distinguished anxious from control children (accuracy = 81%). Involvement of the TP as significant for neurocognitive aspects of pediatric anxiety is a novel finding worthy of further investigation.

scholarly journals Attenuated, Symptom-specific Alteration of Structural Covariance in Patients With Somatic Symptom Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Youn Park ◽  
Ye Eun Jang ◽  
Leonard Sunwoo ◽  
In-Young Yoon ◽  
Bumhee Park
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Somatic Symptom ◽  
Structural Alteration ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Somatic Symptom Disorder ◽  
Structural Covariance ◽  
Temporal Pole ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Angular Gyrus ◽  
Normal Controls

Abstract This study was performed to investigate altered regional gray matter volume (rGMV) and structural covariance related to somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and its phenotypic subtypes. Additionally, this study examined the relationships of structural alteration with cognitive functioning and clinical symptoms. Forty-three unmedicated patients with SSD and thirty normal controls completed psychological questionnaires and neurocognitive tests, as well as brain magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel-based morphometry and structural covariances were compared between groups and between subgroups within the SSD group. Patients with SSD exhibited attenuated structural covariances in the pallidal-cerebellar circuit, as well as regions in the default mode and sensorimotor network, compared to normal controls. The cerebellar rGMVs were negatively correlated with the severity of somatic symptoms. With respect to cognitive functioning, the rGMVs of the right pallidum, left medial orbitofrontal gyrus, and bilateral supramarginal gyrus were correlated with attentional capacity in SSD patients. In subgroup analyses, patients with somatic pain showed denser structural covariances between the bilateral superior temporal pole and left angular gyrus, the left middle temporal pole and left angular gyrus, and the left amygdala and right inferior orbitofrontal gyrus, while patients with headache and dizziness had greater structural covariance between the right inferior temporal gyrus and right cerebellum. The findings revealed the structural alteration involved in SSD; they also suggested that specific brain regions and networks may contribute to different subtypes of SSD.

scholarly journals Adjuvant psychotherapy in early-stage bipolar disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Stamm ◽  
Julia C. Zwick ◽  
Grace O’Malley ◽  
Lene-Marie Sondergeld ◽  
Martin Hautzinger
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Group Psychotherapy ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Bipolar disorders are serious illnesses with a chronic course and a high rate of relapse. Typically, bipolar disorders onset during adolescence or early adulthood, with patients experiencing significant personal and social costs as a consequence of their illness. Despite this, to date, there is limited (controlled) evidence regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy during the critical stages of the disorder (e.g., early onset). Some preliminary studies suggest that targeted, tailored early interventions in particular may improve disease prognosis. The proposed study examines the effectiveness of group psychotherapy on relapse prevention, global adaptive functioning, and neuropsychological functioning in early-stage bipolar disorder. Methods In this multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT), 300 patients with bipolar disorder are randomized to one of two group psychotherapies: Specific Emotional-Cognitive Therapy (SECT; intervention group) or Emotion-Focused Supportive Therapy (EFST; active control group). Each therapy comprises of a total of 48-h sessions (delivered once a month) over a period of 4 months. Assessments take place at baseline (t1); 6 months follow-up, i.e., post-intervention (t2); 12 months follow-up (t3); and 18 months follow-up (t4), whereby 18 months follow-up is the primary time point of interest. Discussion The goal of this study is to test the effects of an innovative, specific group therapy relative to an active control condition in terms of rates of relapse, global functioning, and neuropsychological functioning. Pending the outcomes of the trial, it will be possible to establish a firm evidence base for accessible group psychotherapy adjuvant to routine psychiatric care for individuals with bipolar disorder. Trial registration USA: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02506322. Registered on 19 December 2014; Germany: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00006013. Registered on21 May 2015

scholarly journals Distinct Associations of Cognitive Impairments and Reduced Gray Matter Volumes in Remitted Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ting Sun ◽  
Pengfei Zhao ◽  
Xiaowei Jiang ◽  
Yifang Zhou ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Temporal Pole ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gray Matter Volumes

Background. Cognitive impairments are documented in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) and may be related to gray matter volumes (GMVs). Thus, this study is aimed at exploring whether the association between cognitive impairments and GMV alterations is similar in patients with SZ and BD and understanding the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Methods. A total of 137 adult subjects (46 with SZ, 35 with BD, and 56 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls (HC)) completed the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and structural magnetic resonance imaging scanning. We performed group comparisons of the cognitive impairments, the GMV alterations, and the association between them. Results. Compared with HC, the patients with SZ and BD showed shared deficits in 4 cognitive domains (i.e., processing speed, working memory, problem solving, and social cognition) and the composite. SZ and BD had commonly decreased GMVs, mainly in the insula, superior temporal pole, amygdala, anterior cingulate, and frontal cortices (superior, middle, opercular inferior, and orbital frontal gyrus). No correlation between MCCB scores and GMVs was detected in SZ. However, for BD, working memory was relevant to the right hemisphere (i.e., right insula, amygdala, superior temporal pole, and medial and dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus). Limitations. The major limitations were that not all patients were the first-episode status and no medication. Conclusions. The association was mainly limited to the BD group. Thus, the underlying pathophysiology of the cognitive deficits, in terms of GMV alterations, may be diverse between two disorders.

scholarly journals Saccadic Adaptation Boosts Ongoing Gamma Activity in a Subsequent Visuoattentional Task

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 3606-3617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Nicolas ◽  
Aline Bompas ◽  
Romain Bouet ◽  
Olivier Sillan ◽  
Eric Koun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Saccadic Adaptation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
The Right

Abstract Attention and saccadic adaptation (SA) are critical components of visual perception, the former enhancing sensory processing of selected objects, the latter maintaining the eye movements accuracy toward them. Recent studies propelled the hypothesis of a tight functional coupling between these mechanisms, possibly due to shared neural substrates. Here, we used magnetoencephalography to investigate for the first time the neurophysiological bases of this coupling and of SA per se. We compared visual discrimination performance of 12 healthy subjects before and after SA. Eye movements and magnetic signals were recorded continuously. Analyses focused on gamma band activity (GBA) during the pretarget period of the discrimination and the saccadic tasks. We found that GBA increases after SA. This increase was found in the right hemisphere for both postadaptation saccadic and discrimination tasks. For the latter, GBA also increased in the left hemisphere. We conclude that oculomotor plasticity involves GBA modulation within an extended neural network which persists after SA, suggesting a possible role of gamma oscillations in the coupling between SA and attention.

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