scholarly journals Assessment of Corneal Biomechanical Properties and Intraocular Pressure in Myopic Spanish Healthy Population

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
María A. del Buey ◽  
Laura Lavilla ◽  
Francisco J. Ascaso ◽  
Elena Lanchares ◽  
Valentín Huerva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Iop Measurement ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose. To examine biomechanical parameters of the cornea in myopic eyes and their relationship with the degree of myopia in a western healthy population.Methods. Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann correlated intraocular pressure (IOP), and corneal compensated IOP (IOPcc) were measured using the ocular response analyzer (ORA) in 312 eyes of 177 Spanish subjects aged between 20 and 56 years. Refraction was expressed as spherical equivalent (SE), which ranged from 0 to −16.50 diopters (D) (mean:−3.88±2.90 D). Subjects were divided into four groups according to their refractive status: group 1 or control group: emmetropia (-0.50≤SE<0.50); group 2: low myopia (-0.75≤SE<3.00 D); group 3: moderate myopia (-3.00≤SE≤-6.00 D); and group 3: high myopia (SE greater than −6.00 D). We analyzed the relationship between corneal biomechanics measured with ORA and SE.Results. CH in the emmetropia, low myopia, moderate myopia, and high myopia groups was11.13±0.98,11.49±1.25,10.52±1.54, and10.35±1.33 mmHg, respectively. CH in the highly myopic group was significantly lower than that in the emmetropic group (P=0.07) and low myopic group (P=0.035); however, there were no differences with the moderate myopic group (P=0.872). There were no statistically significant differences regarding IOP among the four groups (P>0.05); nevertheless, IOPcc was significantly higher in the moderately myopic (15.47±2.47 mmHg) and highly myopic (16.14±2.59 mmHg) groups than in the emmetropia (15.15±2.06 mmHg) and low myopia groups (14.53±2.37 mmHg). No correlation between age and the measured parameters was found. CH and IOPcc were weakly but significantly correlated with SE (r=0.171,P=0.002andr=-0.131,P=0.021, resp.).Conclusions. Present study showed only a very weak, but significant, correlation between CH and refractive error, with CH being lower in both moderately and highly myopic eyes than that in the emmetropic and low myopic eyes. These changes in biomechanical properties of the cornea may have an impact on IOP measurement, increasing the risk of glaucoma.

scholarly journals Varieties of Constantly Redundant Tension of Accommodation, the Weakness of Accommodation and Intraocular Pressure in Myopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2S) ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
L. P. Trufanova ◽  
S. V. Balalin
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Functional State ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Progressive Myopia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Norm

Purpose: to evaluate the relationship between the functional state of the accommodative eye apparatus according to the data of accomodography and the increase of the ophthalmotonus in patients with myopia.Patients and methods. There were 74 patients with myopia (148 eyes) from 6 to 17 years old. The mean age of the examined subjects was 12.7 ± 0.32 years. Low myopia was detected in 37 persons (73 eyes), medium myopia — in 23 persons (46 eyes) and high myopia — in 15 persons (29 eyes). Progressive myopia was detected in 110 eyes (74.3%), stationary — 38 eyes (25.7%). Constantly redundant tension of accommodation (CRTA) was found in patients on 134 eyes (90.5%).Results. In 53% patients with progressive myopia (58 eyes) the cornea-compensated intraocular pressure (P0CC) was within the limits of the upper individual norm — from 18 to 21 mm Hg or higher. In progressive myopia with combination of accommodation weakness, CRTA and an increase of IOP up to the range of upper norm limits occurs in 4.8 times more often than with stationary myopia (t = 4.7, p < 0.05).Сonclusions. It is necessary to measure intraocular pressure in patients with myopia taking into account the biomechanical properties of the sclera in case of accomodation arrors in the form of a combination of accommodation weakness and CRTA. The combination of accommodation weakness, CRTA and elevated IOP (upper-range) indicates the progression of myopia. 

scholarly journals Intraocular Pressure Changes Are Predictive of Ocular Hypertension Onset After Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant: Significant Cutoffs and the Role of Previous DEX Implant

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Arrigo ◽  
Emanuela Aragona ◽  
Luigi Capone ◽  
Carlo Di Biase ◽  
Rosangela Lattanzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Fluocinolone Acetonide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Group 1

Background: Fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implant represents a long-term strategy for the management of diabetic macular edema (DME). Because of the 3-year duration, the careful monitoring of the intraocular pressure (IOP) is necessary. The main aim of the study was to provide quantitative IOP cutoffs associated with the onset of IOP increases.Methods: The study was retrospectively conducted with 2-year of follow-up. We separately considered eyes with good IOP control (Group 1), eyes requiring IOP-lowering medications (Group 2) and eyes undergoing IOP-lowering surgery (Group 3). The statistical analysis assessed Delta% IOP changes over the 2-year follow-up. ROC analysis was performed to detect significant cutoffs associated with Group 2 and Group 3. IOP changes occurring after a previously administered dexamethasone (DEX) implant were also evaluated.Results: We included 48 eyes (48 patients), stratified as follows: Group 1 (25/48; 52%), Group 2 (19/48; 40%) and Group 3 (4/48; 8%). ROC analysis performed on IOP values detected 2-months later DEX implant showed a mean Delta IOP increase&gt;24% significantly associated with IOP-lowering medications after FAc implant, whereas a mean Delta IOP increase&gt;35% was significantly associated with IOP-lowering surgery after FAc implant. With respect to IOP changes occurred after FAc implant, our ROC analysis showed a mean Delta IOP increase&gt;8% significantly associated with IOP-lowering medications, whereas a mean Delta IOP increase&gt;15% was significantly associated with IOP-lowering surgery. DEX-related IOP changes showed 52% sensitivity and 100% specificity of FAc-related IOP increases.Conclusions: IOP changes provides clinically relevant cutoffs associated with the onset of FAc-related IOP increases.

scholarly journals Probiotic Alternative to Chlorhexidine in Periodontal Therapy: Evaluation of Clinical and Microbiological Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Andrea Butera ◽  
Simone Gallo ◽  
Carolina Maiorani ◽  
Domenico Molino ◽  
Alessandro Chiesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship

Periodontitis consists of a progressive destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Considering that probiotics are being proposed as a support to the gold standard treatment Scaling-and-Root-Planing (SRP), this study aims to assess two new formulations (toothpaste and chewing-gum). 60 patients were randomly assigned to three domiciliary hygiene treatments: Group 1 (SRP + chlorhexidine-based toothpaste) (control), Group 2 (SRP + probiotics-based toothpaste) and Group 3 (SRP + probiotics-based toothpaste + probiotics-based chewing-gum). At baseline (T0) and after 3 and 6 months (T1–T2), periodontal clinical parameters were recorded, along with microbiological ones by means of a commercial kit. As to the former, no significant differences were shown at T1 or T2, neither in controls for any index, nor in the experimental groups for adherent gingiva and gingival recession. Conversely, some significant differences were found in Group 2 and 3 for the other clinical indexes tested. Considering microbiological parameters, no significant differences were detected compared to baseline values for any group, except in Group 2 and 3 at T2 only for the percentage of the orange complex pathogens and for the copies/microliter of Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Accordingly, although colonization of probiotic bacteria has not been assessed in this study, the probiotics tested represent a valid support to SRP with a benefit on several clinical indexes and on specific periodontopathogens. Despite this promising action, the relationship between the use of probiotics and improvement in clinical parameters is still unclear and deserves to be further explored.

The Relationship between Serum Ferritin Levels and 5-Year All-Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Emre Erdem ◽  
Ahmet Karatas ◽  
Tevfik Ecder
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The effect of high serum ferritin levels on long-term mortality in hemodialysis patients is unknown. The relationship between serum ferritin levels and 5-year all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients was investigated in this study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 173 prevalent hemodialysis patients were included in this study. The patients were followed for up to 5 years and divided into 3 groups according to time-averaged serum ferritin levels (group 1: serum ferritin &#x3c;800 ng/mL, group 2: serum ferritin 800–1,500 ng/mL, and group 3: serum ferritin &#x3e;1,500 ng/mL). Along with the serum ferritin levels, other clinical and laboratory variables that may affect mortality were also included in the Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eighty-one (47%) patients died during the 5-year follow-up period. The median follow-up time was 38 (17.5–60) months. The 5-year survival rates of groups 1, 2, and 3 were 44, 64, and 27%, respectively. In group 3, the survival was lower than in groups 1 and 2 (log-rank test, <i>p</i> = 0.002). In group 1, the mortality was significantly lower than in group 3 (HR [95% CI]: 0.16 [0.05–0.49]; <i>p</i> = 0.001). In group 2, the mortality was also lower than in group 3 (HR [95% CI]: 0.32 [0.12–0.88]; <i>p</i> = 0.026). No significant difference in mortality between groups 1 and 2 was found (HR [95% CI]: 0.49 [0.23–1.04]; <i>p</i> = 0.063). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Time-averaged serum ferritin levels &#x3e;1,500 ng/mL in hemodialysis patients are associated with an increased 5-year all-cause mortality risk.

scholarly journals Corneal Biomechanical Parameters and Central Corneal Thickness in Glaucoma Patients, Glaucoma Suspects, and a Healthy Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2637
Author(s):  
Mª. Ángeles del Buey-Sayas ◽  
Elena Lanchares-Sancho ◽  
Pilar Campins-Falcó ◽  
María Dolores Pinazo-Durán ◽  
Cristina Peris-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: To evaluate and compare corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), and central corneal thickness (CCT), measurements were taken between a healthy population (controls), patients diagnosed with glaucoma (DG), and glaucoma suspect patients due to ocular hypertension (OHT), family history of glaucoma (FHG), or glaucoma-like optic discs (GLD). Additionally, Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) and corneal-compensated IOP (IOPcc) were compared between the different groups of patients. Methods: In this prospective analytical-observational study, a total of 1065 patients (one eye of each) were recruited to undergo Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) testing, ultrasound pachymetry, and clinical examination. Corneal biomechanical parameters (CH, CRF), CCT, IOPg, and IOPcc were measured in the control group (n = 574) and the other groups: DG (n = 147), FHG (n = 78), GLD (n = 90), and OHT (n = 176). We performed a variance analysis (ANOVA) for all the dependent variables according to the different diagnostic categories with multiple comparisons to identify the differences between the diagnostic categories, deeming p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: The mean CH in the DG group (9.69 mmHg) was significantly lower compared to controls (10.75 mmHg; mean difference 1.05, p < 0.001), FHG (10.70 mmHg; mean difference 1.00, p < 0.05), GLD (10.63 mmHg; mean difference 0.93, p < 0.05) and OHT (10.54 mmHg; mean difference 0.84, p < 0.05). No glaucoma suspects (FHG, GLD, OHT groups) presented significant differences between themselves and the control group (p = 1.00). No statistically significant differences were found in the mean CRF between DG (11.18 mmHg) and the control group (10.75 mmHg; mean difference 0.42, p = 0.40). The FHG and OHT groups showed significantly higher mean CRF values (12.32 and 12.41 mmHg, respectively) than the DG group (11.18 mmHg), with mean differences of 1.13 (p < 0.05) and 1.22 (p < 0.001), respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in CCT in the analysis between DG (562 μ) and the other groups (control = 556 μ, FHG = 576 μ, GLD = 569 μ, OHT = 570 μ). The means of IOPg and IOPcc values were higher in the DG patient and suspect groups than in the control group, with statistically significant differences in all groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study presents corneal biomechanical values (CH, CRF), CCT, IOPg, and IOPcc for diagnosed glaucoma patients, three suspected glaucoma groups, and a healthy population, using the ORA. Mean CH values were markedly lower in the DG group (diagnosed with glaucoma damage) compared to the other groups. No significant difference was found in CCT between the DG and control groups. Unexpectedly, CRF showed higher values in all groups than in the control group, but the difference was only statistically significant in the suspect groups (FHG, GLD, and OHT), not in the DG group.

scholarly journals Biomechanical properties of the bone during implant placement

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ádám László Nagy ◽  
Zsolt Tóth ◽  
Tamás Tarjányi ◽  
Nándor Tamás Práger ◽  
Zoltán Lajos Baráth
Keyword(s):  
Bone Structure ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Bone Model ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Background In this research the biomechanical properties of a bone model was examined. Porcine ribs are used as experimental model. The objective of this research was to investigate and compare the biomechanical properties of the bone model before and after implant placement. Methods The bone samples were divided in three groups, Group 1 where ALL-ON-FOUR protocol was used during pre-drilling and placing the implants, Group 2 where ALL-ON-FOUR protocol was used during pre-drilling, and implants were not placed, and Group 3 consisting of intact bones served as a control group. Static and dynamic loading was applied for examining the model samples. Kruskal–Wallis statistical test and as a post-hoc test Mann–Whitney U test was performed to analyze experimental results. Results According to the results of the static loading, there was no significant difference between the implanted and original ribs, however, the toughness values of the bones decreased largely on account of predrilling the bones. The analysis of dynamic fatigue measurements by Kruskal–Wallis test showed significant differences between the intact and predrilled bones. Conclusion The pre-drilled bone was much weaker in both static and dynamic tests than the natural or implanted specimens. According to the results of the dynamic tests and after a certain loading cycle the implanted samples behaved the same way as the control samples, which suggests that implantation have stabilized the skeletal bone structure.

scholarly journals Long-Term Histologic Changes in Nasal Mucosa after Total Laryngectomy

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çiğdem Tepe Karaca ◽  
Erdoğan Gültekin ◽  
M. Kürşat Yelken ◽  
Ayşenur Akyıldız İğdem ◽  
Mehmet Külekçi
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Total Laryngectomy ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Histopathologic Changes ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Histopathologic Findings

Objective. To determine the long-term histopathologic changes in nasal mucosa and the relationship between progression of the histopathologic changes and the duration without air current stimulation.Material and Method. Biopsies were taken from the inferior turbinates of 11 laryngeal cancer patients after total laryngectomy. Specimens were stained with hematoksilen-eosin and several histopathologic parameters were examined under light microscopy.Results. All of the patients demonstrated at least one histopathologic abnormality (100%,n=11). Goblet destruction and stromal fibrosis were the most common findings (81%,n=9), followed by focal epithelial atrophy and subepithelial seromusinous gland destruction (45%,n=5), neovascularization and congestion (36%,n=4), complete epithelial atrophy and mixoid degeneration (27%,n=3). According to the duration between laryngectomy and biopsy, patients were grouped in to three: group 1; less than 12 months (36%,n=4), group 2; 12–36 months (18%,n=2), and group 3; more than 36 months (45%,n=5). Only congestion was found to be decreased as the duration increased (P<.005).Conclusion. In laryngeal cancer patients histopathologic changes occur in nasal mucosa eventuate due to the cessation of air current stimulation, however there was no relation between progression of the histopathologic findings and the duration of cessation.

Active head movements facilitate compensation for effects of prism displacement on dynamic gait12

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Kim R. Gottshall ◽  
Michael E. Hoffer ◽  
Helen S. Cohen ◽  
Robert J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Head Movement ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Study design: Four groups, between-subjects study. Objectives: To investigate the effects of exercise on adaptation of normal subjects who had been artificially spatially disoriented. Background: Many patients referred for rehabilitation experience sensory changes, due to age or disease processes, and these changes affect motor skill. The best way to train patients to adapt to these changes and to improve their sensorimotor skills is unclear. Using normal subjects, we tested the hypothesis that active, planned head movement is needed to adapt to modified visual input. Methods and measures: Eighty male and female subjects who had normal balance on computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) and the dynamic gait index (DGI), were randomly assigned to four groups. All groups donned diagonally shift lenses and were again assessed with CDP and DGI. The four groups were then treated for 20 min. Group 1 (control group) viewed a video, Group 2 performed exercise that involved translating the entire body through space, but without separate, volitional head movement, Group 3 performed exercises which all incorporated volitional, planned head rotations, and Group 4 performed exercises that involved translating the body (as in Group 2) and incorporated volitional, planned head motion (as in Group 3). All subjects were post-tested with CDP and DGI, lenses were removed, and subjects were retested again with CDP and DGI. Results: The groups did not differ significantly on CDP scores but Groups 3 and 4 had significantly better DGI scores than Groups 1 and 2. Conclusions: Active head movement that is specifically planned as part of the exercise is more effective than passive attention or head movements that are not consciously planned, for adapting to sensorimotor change when it incorporates active use of the changed sensory modality, in this case head motion.

scholarly journals Preemptive analgesic effect of lidocaine in a chronic neuropathic pain model

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo M. Batista ◽  
Igor M. Batista ◽  
João P. Almeida ◽  
Carlos H. Carvalho ◽  
Samuel B. de Castro-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Lidocaine Group ◽  
Local Infiltration ◽  
Neuropathic Pain Model ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right

Preemptive analgesia inhibits the progression of pain caused by surgical lesions. To analyze the effect of lidocaine on postoperative pain relief, we performed compression of the right sciatic nerve in Wistar rats and observed the differences on behavior between the group that received lidocaine and the group that was not treated with the local anesthetics pre-operatively. Group 1 was not operated (control); group 2 underwent the sciatic nerve ligature without lidocaine; group 3, underwent surgery with previous local infiltration of lidocaine. Group 2 showed significantly longer scratching times with a peak on day 14 post-operative (p=0.0005) and reduction in the latency to both noxious (p=0.003) and non-noxious (p=0.004) thermal stimulus. Group 3 presented significantly shorter scratching times (p=0.004) and longer latency times when compared to Group 2. Preemptive use of lidocaine 2% can potentially reduce the postoperative neuropathic pain associated with sciatic nerve compression.

Postoperative Morphine Use and Hyperalgesia Are Reduced by Preoperative but Not Intraoperative Epidural Analgesia

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1449-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Katz ◽  
Lorenzo Cohen ◽  
Roger Schmid ◽  
Vincent W.S. Chan ◽  
Adarose Wowk
Keyword(s):  
Morphine Consumption ◽  
Gynecologic Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epidural Administration ◽  
Blinded Manner ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Postoperative Morphine ◽  
Group 1

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative morphine-sparing effects and reduction in pain and secondary mechanical hyperalgesia after preincisional or postincisional epidural administration of a local anesthetic and an opioid compared with a sham epidural control. Methods Patients undergoing major gynecologic surgery by laparotomy were randomly assigned to three groups and studied in a double-blinded manner. Group 1 received epidural lidocaine and fentanyl before incision and epidural saline 40 min after incision. Group 2 received epidural saline before incision and epidural lidocaine and fentanyl 40 min after incision. Group 3 received a sham epidural control (with saline injected into a catheter taped to the back) before and 40 min after incision. All patients underwent surgery with general anesthesia. Results One hundred forty-one patients completed the study (group 1, n = 45; group 2, n = 49; group 3, n = 47). Cumulative patient-controlled analgesia morphine consumption at 48 h was significantly lower (P = 0.04) in group 1 (89.8 +/- 43.3 mg) than group 3 (112.5 +/- 71.5 mg) but not group 2 (95.4 +/- 60.2 mg), although the hourly rate of morphine consumption between 24 and 48 h after surgery was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.0009) in group 1 (1.25 +/- 0.02 mg/h) than group 2 (1.41 +/- 0.02 mg/h). Twenty-four hours after surgery, the visual analog scale pain score on movement was significantly less intense (P = 0.005) in group 1 (4.9 +/- 2.2 cm) than group 3 (6.0 +/- 2.6 cm) but not group 2 (5.3 +/- 2.5 cm), and the von Frey pain threshold near the wound was significantly higher (P = 0.03) in group 1 (6.4 +/- 0.6 log mg) than in group 3 (6.1 +/- 0.8 log mg) but not group 2 (6.2 +/- 0.7 log mg). Conclusions Preincisional administration of epidural lidocaine and fentanyl was associated with a significantly lower rate of morphine use, lower cumulative morphine consumption, and reduced hyperalgesia compared with a sham epidural condition. These results highlight the importance of including a standard treatment control group to avoid the problems of interpretation that arise when two-group studies of preemptive analgesia (preincisional vs. postsurgery) fail to find the anticipated effects.

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