scholarly journals The Effects and Measures of Auricular Acupressure and Interactive Multimedia for Smoking Cessation in College Students

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Ling Yeh ◽  
Pei-Lan Wang ◽  
Jaung-Geng Lin ◽  
Mei-Ling Chung
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Interactive Multimedia ◽  
Auricular Acupressure ◽  
Multimedia Education ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Young Smokers ◽  
Post Hoc

The earlier one starts to smoke, the more likely it is that one’s tobacco use will increase. Either auricular acupressure or multimedia education could improve physiological health status and reduce smoking for young smokers. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 10-week auricular acupressure (AA) and interactive multimedia (IM) on smoking cessation in college smokers. A pre- and posttest control research design with two experiments (AA and IM) and one control was used. Thirty-two participants were in each of three groups. A significant difference from pretest to posttest among three groups was exhibited on carbon monoxide (CO), cotinine, and nicotine dependence. Scheffe’spost hoctest found significances on CO in the AA between the IM and the control and cotinine and nicotine dependence between the AA and the control. After controlling the covariates, the main effect of the group was no difference in all outcomes. The interventions, especially AA, may contribute to a decrease of CO, cotinine, and nicotine dependence along with the time change. An analysis without controlling influences may overestimate interventional effects.

scholarly journals Effect of Patient Empowerment Model on Smoking Cessation: Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-375
Author(s):  
Ghada M. Khafagy ◽  
Mervat M. Mahmoud ◽  
Saeed S. A. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Patient Empowerment ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Empowerment Model ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Smoking is a preventable cause of chronic morbidity. Patient empowerment is a process through which people establish greater control over their health-related decisions and actions. To assess the effect of patient empowerment versus health education on the nicotine dependence score and progress of patients under different stages of smoking cessation. Methods: This was a single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial that included 76 smokers attending family medicine clinics. Participants were divided into two groups: empowerment and health education groups. Their nicotine-dependence score and smoking cessation stage were identified. All study participants were subjected to five health education sessions with a 3-month follow-up period. Results: The mean nicotine-dependence score decreased significantly in both groups after the intervention. This decrease was slightly higher in the empowerment group; however, the difference was not statistically significant. After the intervention, 16.7% of the health education and 30.0% of the empowerment group transitioned from stage 1 to stages 2–4 of smoking cessation, with the change being statistically significant only in the empowerment group. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of study participants who stopped smoking between the health education and empowerment groups. Conclusion: Both the empowerment model and traditional health education have similar positive effects on decreasing the nicotine-dependence level. There was a significant improvement in the stage of change for patients under the empowerment model, although there was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the number of participants who stopped smoking.

scholarly journals The role of stigmas in mental health: A comparative study

Curationis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhabor S. Idemudia ◽  
Nyambeni A. Matamela
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Enacted Stigma ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background: HIV (Human immunodeficiency Virus), AIDS and cancer are feared terminal diseases. HIV sufferers are known to be stigmatized. The stigma surrounding cancer, unfortunately, is hardly the focus of psychological investigations, and hence this provoked the need to compare the stigma suffered by both groups, and how these have impacted on the psychological functioning of the disease sufferer. Objectives: The study had two main objectives, firstly, to explore whether HIV patients suffer more stigma than cancer patients or not, and secondly, to understand the most common type of stigma and if stigma is associated with psychopathology. Psychopathology is measured with GHQ–28 which evaluates somatic complaints, anxiety, depression and social dysfunction.Method: The study was a survey, and descriptive in nature, and anchored on two hypotheses: Firstly, that HIV patients will experience more stigmas than cancer patients and consequently report more psychological dysfunctions. Secondly that there will be a significant difference between types of stigma and the symptoms reported about them. Data were collected from a conveniently sampled group of 50 HIV positive patients and another 50 patients diagnosed with cancer, in two clinics and a hospital around the Gauteng Province. The majority of the participants were females, numbering 62 (62, 0%), whilst 38 (38.0%) were males. The age of the respondents ranged from 20–73 years with a mean age of 44.4 years (s.d. = 11.6).Results: Results revealed a significant main effect for enacted stigma F = (1.98), = 17.629, p < .001 and anxiety F = (1.98) = 5.750, p < .001. A post hoc Bonferroni also showed that HIV patients had a higher mean score of enacted stigma (X-bar = 4.22) than cancer patients (X-bar = 1.28) and also HIV patients reported more anxiety (X-bar = 8.81) than cancer patients (X-bar = 6.42). Enacted stigma significantly influenced the GHQ Total (F = (98) = 1.700, p < .05); anxiety (F = (97) = 2.578, p < .004); and depression (F = (97) = 3.390 p < .001). The perceived community stigma had one main effect for depression (F = (1.98) = 1.452, p < .05). There were no significant main effects for internally felt stigma and psychological dysfunctions. Both hypotheses were partially supported.Conclusion: Recommendations included tailoring interventions to meet the cultural needs of patients. Other recommendations were made in accordance with the findings of the study.

The Effects of Auricular Acupressure on Smoking Cessation for Male College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinae Lee ◽  
Hyojung Park
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Auricular Acupressure ◽  
Male College ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Male College Students

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of auricular acupressure for smoking cessation on male college students. The experimental group ( n = 27) received auricular acupressure on specific acupoints for smoking cessation, whereas the control group ( n = 26) received sham auricular acupressure on nonspecific acupoints. Participants received 6 weeks of auricular acupressure intervention. For the experimental group, auricular acupressure was applied to the shenmen, lung, subcortex, hunger, stomach, and mouth. The data of nicotine dependence, self-efficacy for smoking cessation, and exhaled carbon monoxide were collected for both group 3 times: before intervention, after 3 weeks of the intervention, and after 6 weeks of the intervention. Statistical differences between the two groups from pretest to posttest emerged in self-efficacy for smoking cessation ( p = .048) and exhaled carbon monoxide ( p < .001), but not for nicotine dependence.

scholarly journals The changes in saliva cotinine during Ramadan among a group of Muslim smokers in Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Nuraisyah H. Zulkifley ◽  
Suriani Ismail ◽  
Rosliza A. Manaf
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Supportive Environment ◽  
Cotinine Level ◽  
Saliva Cotinine ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Biomarker Research ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: Smoking is a negative health behaviour that brought in health and social problems into the community. The effects of smoking can be decreased by promoting smoking cessation. One of the approaches in smoking cessation intervention focuses on the supportive environment that can be naturally found during the Ramadan where every Muslim is obligated to fast which included abstaining from smoking.Methods:A total of 61 male, Muslim smokers who currently smoke cigarette on daily basis were recruited. The study was conducted by using the one-group pretest-posttest study design to evaluate the effect of Ramadan environment on saliva cotinine among a group of smokers who work at a local authority in Selangor. The data were collected three times which were one week before Ramadan, 21st of Ramadan and 21 days after Ramadan. The saliva cotinine were measured by using SalivaBio oral swab (SOS) and cotinine biomarker research salivary assay kits and protocols by Salimetrics with the sensitivity of 0.15ng/ml. Data analysis was conducted by using One-way ANOVA with repeated measures and paired t-test.Results: The study showed a significant difference in the saliva cotinine level from before, during and after Ramadan (p = 0.002). From the post-hoc test, there is a significant positive changes in the saliva cotinine level from before Ramadan to during Ramadan (t (60) = 3.66, p = 0.001).Conclusions:The saliva cotinine level of the smokers decreased during Ramadan. This can provide an opportunity for easier initiation of smoking cessation for the smokers. 

scholarly journals Frequency and severity of irritable bowel syndrome in cigarette smokers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melike Mercan Başpınar ◽  
Okcan Basat
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Rome Iv

Background: Cigarette smoking has recently been associated with several gastrointestinal symptoms, and smoking cessation has been recommended as a life style change strategy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study assessed the prevalence of IBS in cigarette smokers based on the Rome IV criteria, the severity of nicotine dependence, and the effect of smoking cessation in IBS(+) smokers. Method: This prospective study included 371 smokers who attended for smoking cessation treatment at family medicine clinics in a tertiary hospital between January and April 2019. Data on demographic characteristics, IBS status according to the Rome IV criteria, and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scores were collected during face-to-face interviews. Results: The mean patient age was 40.7 ± 11.96 years, 29.4% were heavy smokers, and 18.1% had IBS. There was no relationship between the presence of IBS and the nicotine dependence level; however, there was a significant difference in age (P=0.03), duration of smoking (P=0.05), FTND score (P=0.02), and sex (P<0.001) between those with and without IBS. Logistic regression analyses identified female sex to be a predictor of IBS in smokers (adjusted odds ratio 1.78, 95% confidence interval 1.18–2.69; P=0.006). At the one-year follow-up, IBS(+) smokers who had quit smoking showed a decrease in gastrointestinal symptoms (P=0.035). Conclusions: There was no association between severity of nicotine dependence and IBS, although the FTND score was higher in IBS(+) smokers than in IBS(-) smokers. Smoking cessation ameliorated gastrointestinal symptoms but had no effect on IBS status. Key words: irritable bowel syndrome, nicotine dependence, Rome IV criteria, smoking

College Students' Motivations to Attend Group Fitness Classes: An Exploratory Investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
Shaun Boren
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Group Fitness ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Post Hoc

This study investigated college students' various motivations to select from a comprehensive range of group fitness class (GFC) offerings at a university. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in motivations to exercise based on the GFC a participant was attending most often (primary GFC, p < .01). A post hoc test determined that Health Pressures was the only motivation subscale of 14 total subscales to significantly contribute to the main effect ( p < .003). However, the findings suggested that primary GFC can explain variation in motivations to exercise. This result evidences applicability of the self-determination theory between smaller categories of physical activity than previously tested. Future research should replicate the study at larger, more diverse institutions to explore additional factors affecting motivations to exercise. Practitioners can use this study to inform the design and advertising of GFCs.

Perbedaan sensitivitas tetes telinga antibiotik terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa pada otitis media supuratif kronik

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Budhi Darmawan ◽  
Dwi Utami Anjarwati
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cochran Test ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is one infectious disease of the middle ear, most commonly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A high number of patients come to the ENT outpatient clinic with active benign type of CSOM. The bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of producing biofilm which protects itself from penetration of antibiotics, and therefore creates resistance towards antibiotics and difficult to eradicate. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity levels of chloramphenicol, polymyxin-neomycin, cyprofloxacin and ofloxacine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with active benign type CSOM in ENT clinic. Method: The method used was across sectional study on 25 patients, from August 2010 until December 2010. Samples were taken withear swab and then put on sensitivity test to chloramphenicol, polymyxin-neomycin, cyprofloxacin andofloxacine using the diffusion disc method. The analysis used in this study was Cochran test. Results: Results showed a significant difference in sensitivity among chloramphenicol (38,70%), polymyxinneomycin(83,87%),cyprofloxacin(90,32%)andofloxacin(58,06%)withp=0,000(p<0,05).PostHocanalysisusing the Mc Nemar indicated that there were significant differences in sensitivity betweenpolymyxin-neomycin to chloramphenicol with p=0,000 (p<0,05), ciprofloxacin to chloramphenicol andciprofloxacin to ofloxacine with p= 0,002, but there were no significant differences between cyprofloxacinto polymyxin-neomycin with p=0,687, polymyxin-neomycin to ofloxacin p=0.057 and ofloxacin tochloramphenicol p=0,109.   There were significant differences in antibiotic ear dropssensitivity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with active benign type of CSOM. Cyprofloxacin andpolymyxin-neomycin were more sensitive than ofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, active benign type of chronic suppurative otitis media, antibioticear drops.  Abstrak :  Latar belakang: Otitis media supuratif kronik (OMSK) merupakan penyakit infeksi kronik telinga tengah yang sering dijumpai di klinik THT. Penyebab tersering OMSK adalah bakteri Pseudomonasaeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa mempunyai kemampuan untuk membentuk biofilm yangmelindunginya dari penetrasi antibiotik sehingga menimbulkan resistensi terhadap antibiotik dan sulituntuk eradikasinya. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbandingan tingkat sensitivitas kloramfenikol,polimiksin-neomisin, ciprofloksasin dan ofloksasin terhadap isolat Pseudomonas aeruginosa padapasien OMSK benigna aktif di klinik THT RSMS. Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah crosssectional terhadap 29 pasien OMSK di klinik THT RSMS periode bulan Agustus 2010 - Desember2010. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan swab telinga. Uji sensitivitas terhadap kloramfenikol,polimiksin-neomisin, ciprofloksasin dan ofloksasin dilakukan dengan metode cakram secara difusi.Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Cochran dan analisis post hoc. Hasil: Didapatkansensitivitas kloramfenikol sebesar 38,70%, polimiksin-neomisin sebesar 83,87%, ciprofloksasin sebesar90,32% dan ofloksasin sebesar 58,06% dengan p=0,01 (P<0,05), yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaansensitivitas yang bermakna antara kloramfenikol, polimiksin-neomisin, ciprofloksasin dan ofloksasinterhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Analisis post hoc menggunakan Mc Nemar menunjukkan bahwaterdapat perbedaan sensitivitas yang bermakna antara tetes telinga polimiksin-neomisin terhadapkloramfenikol, dan ciprofloksasin terhadap kloramfenikol p=0,000 (p<0,05), serta terdapat perbedaanyang bermakna antara tetes telinga ciprofloksasin terhadap ofloksasin, p=0,002, tetapi tidak terdapatperbedaan yang bermakna antara ciprofloksasin terhadap polimiksin-neomisin, p=0,687, polimiksinneomisinterhadap ofloksasin p=0,057, dan kloramfenikol terhadap ofloksasin p=0,109. Kesimpulan:Terdapat perbedaan sensitivitas yang bermakna tetes telinga antibiotik terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa pada pasien OMSK benigna aktif. Ciprofloksasin dan polimiksin-neomisin tetes telinga mempunyai sensitivitas yang lebih baik dibanding ofloksasin dan kloramfenikol. Kata kunci: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, otitis media supuratif kronik, tetes telinga antibiotik 

Influence of moderate cigarette-smoking on the peri-implant clinicoradiographic inflammatory parameters around cement- and screw-retained dental implants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mana Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Implant Retention ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Soft Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Adjustment Test

The aim was to assess the influence of moderate cigarette-smoking on the clinical (bleeding on probing [BoP] and probing depth [PD]) and radiographic (crestal bone resorption [CBR]) around cement- and screw-retained dental implants at 5 years’ follow-up. A questionnaire was used to collect information about age, gender, smoking history, duration of implants in function, jaw location of the implant, and daily toothbrushing and flossing. Peri-implant BoP, PD and CBR were measured in all groups. Group comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance and for multiple comparisons, the Bonferroni Post hoc adjustment test was performed. Level of significance was set at P&lt;0.05. Forty-eight patients (25 smokers and 23 non-smokers) had cement-retained dental implants; and 48 (24 smokers and 24 non-smokers) had screw-retained dental implants. Among patients with cement and screw-retained dental implants, PD (P&lt;0.05) and CBR (P&lt;0.05) were significantly higher among smokers than non-smokers. The peri-implant sites that demonstrated BoP were statistically significantly higher among non-smokers (P&lt;0.05) than smokers among patients with cement- and screw-retained dental implants. There was no statistically significant difference in peri-implant PD and CBR among smokers with cement- and screw-retained dental implants. Among non-smokers with cement and screw-retained dental implants, there was no statistically significant difference in BoP, PD and CBR. Cigarette-smoking is associated with an increased PD and CBR around cement- and screw-retained dental implants. Cigarette-smoking increases peri-implant soft tissue inflammation as well as loss of crestal bone and this relationship is independent of the type of implant retention protocol used.The author recommends that cement- and screw-retained dental implants are suitable for prosthesis restoration in non-smokers. Further studies on dual-smokers (individuals smoking cigarettes and other forms of tobacco products) are needed related to the clinicoradiographic inflammatory parameters around cement- and screw-retained dental implants

Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Social Control Correlates of Smoking among Pregnant Women Trying to Quit

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fillo ◽  
Kimberly E. Kamper-DeMarco ◽  
Whitney C. Brown ◽  
Paul R. Stasiewicz ◽  
Clara M. Bradizza
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnant Smokers

Approximately 15% of US women currently smoke during pregnancy. An important step toward providing effective smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy is to identify individuals who are more likely to encounter difficulty quitting. Pregnant smokers frequently report smoking in response to intrapersonal factors (e.g., negative emotions), but successful cessation attempts can also be influenced by interpersonal factors (i.e., influence from close others). This study examined the association between emotion regulation difficulties, positive and negative social control (e.g., encouragement, criticism), and smoking cessation-related variables (i.e., smoking quantity, withdrawal symptoms) among pregnant smokers. Data were drawn from the pretreatment wave of a smoking cessation trial enrolling low-income pregnant women who self-reported smoking in response to negative affect (N = 73). Greater emotion regulation difficulties were related to greater smoking urges (b = 0.295, p = .042) and withdrawal symptoms (b = 0.085, p = .003). Additionally, more negative social control from close others was related to fewer smoking days (b = -0.614, p = .042) and higher smoking abstinence self-efficacy (b = 0.017, p = .002). More positive social control from close others interacted with negative affect smoking (b = -0.052, p = .043); the association between negative affect smoking and nicotine dependence (b = 0.812, p &lt; .001) only occurred at low levels of positive social control. Findings suggest that emotion regulation difficulties may contribute to smoking during pregnancy by exacerbating women's negative experiences related to smoking cessation attempts. Negative social control was related to lower smoking frequency and greater confidence in quitting smoking, suggesting that it may assist pregnant smokers' cessation efforts. Positive social control buffered women from the effects of negative affect smoking on nicotine dependence.

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