scholarly journals Bioprocess Engineering Aspects of Biopolymer Production by the CyanobacteriumSpirulinaStrain LEB 18

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Guimarães Martins ◽  
Igor Severo Gonçalves ◽  
Michele Greque de Morais ◽  
Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Heterotrophic Culture ◽  
Mixotrophic Culture ◽  
Bioprocess Engineering ◽  
Autotrophic Culture

Microbial biopolymers can replace environmentally damaging plastics derived from petrochemicals. We investigated biopolymer synthesis by the cyanobacteriumSpirulinastrain LEB 18. Autotrophic culture used unmodified Zarrouk medium or modified Zarrouk medium in which the NaNO3content was reduced to 0.25 g L−1and the NaHCO3content reduced to 8.4 g L−1or increased to 25.2 g L−1. Heterotrophic culture used modified Zarrouk medium containing 0.25 g L−1NaNO3with the NaHCO3replaced by 0.2 g L−1, 0.4 g L−1, or 0.6 g L−1of glucose (C6H12O6) or sodium acetate (CH3COONa). Mixotrophic culture used modified Zarrouk medium containing 0.25 g L−1NaNO3plus 16.8 g L−1NaHCO3with the addition of 0.2 g L−1, 0.4 g L−1, or 0.6 g L−1of glucose or sodium acetate. The highest biopolymer yield was 44% when LEB 18 was growing autotrophically in media containing 0.25 g L−1NaNO3and 8.4 g L−1NaHCO3.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF CELL GROWTH OF FRESHWATER MICROALGA CHLORELLA SP. IN PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC, HETEROTROPHIC AND MIXOTROPHIC CULTURES

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Costantine Joannes ◽  
Rachel Fran Mansa ◽  
Suhaimi Md. Yasir ◽  
Jedol Dayou
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation ◽  
Heterotrophic Culture ◽  
Mixotrophic Culture ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
Culture Mode

Lately, research on biodiesel production as a renewable and sustainable energy has become increasingly apparent due to the fact that fossil fuel is decreasing and the concern of global warming issues. The third generation of biofuel, which is microalgae-based biodiesel had gained interest over the last decade. The ability of microalgae to grow in various conditions is one of its advantages as the potential and promising feedstock for biodiesel. Microalgae can be cultivated in three modes such as photoautotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic culture mode. Unlike photoautotrophic mode where light is required, the heterotrophic mode mainly utilized carbon compounds to grow. On the other hand, the mixotrophic mode is the condition where light and carbon compounds are supplied for microalgae culturing. This paper investigates the cell growth of Chlorella sp. cultivated in photoautotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic culture mode. It was found that Chlorella sp. was capable of producing the highest cell concentration of 6.67 ± 0.56 x 106 cell mL-1 in the photoautotrophic mode for 23 days of cultivation period. This was 1.3 times and 3.2 times greater than the cell concentration in mixotrophic (5.02 ± 0.49 x 106 cell mL-1) and heterotrophic (2.03 ± 0.29 x 106 cell mL-1) culture, respectively. On the contrary, the highest specific growth rate obtained in the study was from heterotrophic mode (0.32 ± 0.04 day-1) followed by photoautotrophic and mixotrophic mode with 0.26 ± 0.05 day-1 and 0.20 ± 0.04 day-1, respectively. Chlorella sp. cell grew well under the photoautotrophic and mixotrophic mode. However, the insufficient of glucose level had contributed to lower cells productivity in the heterotrophic culture. Therefore, the mixotrophic mode could also be an alternative pathway in microalgae cultivation for biodiesel production if the glucose supplied was adequate and at the suitable level.  

Effect of Carbon Sources and Fe3+ on the Growth and Lipid Accumulation of Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10 under Mixotrophic Culture Condition

2014 ◽  
Vol 1070-1072 ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Hao Miao Jiangwang ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
Xu Ya Yu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Culture Condition ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Lipid Productivity ◽  
Mixotrophic Culture ◽  
Final Cell Density

Effects of different carbon source and Fe3+ for the growth and lipid accumulation of Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10 cultured mixotrophically was studied in our present work. The final cell density was reached to 2.626 g L-1 when glucose was the only carbon source, which is 1.43-fold to sodium acetate (1.834 g L-1), far higher than sucrose (0.251 g L-1) and xylitol (0.471 g L-1), but barely grow in other culture condition. Additionally, the highest algae lipid productivity (77.45 mg L-1 d-1) was obtained in 10 g L-1 glucose group, which indicated that glucose was the optimal carbon source for growth and lipid accumulation of Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10. Nevertheless, Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10 was grew slowly in BG-11 culture medium with the absence of Fe3+. The biomass was achieved at the top with 50μM Fe3+ added. With the increase of Fe3+ concentration, it showed no variation in the growth of microalgae. The highest biomass productivity (209.87 mg L-1 d-1) was reached when the Fe3+ concentration was at 150μM while highest lipid productivity (94.05 mg L-1 d-1) reached at 50μM, which indicated that Fe3+ was one of the most indispensable trace elements for the growth and lipid accumulation of Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10.

Maximizing Biomass and Lipid Production in Heterotrophic Culture of Chlorella vulgaris: Techno-Economic Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Morowvat ◽  
Younes Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Shake Flask ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Heterotrophic Culture ◽  
Heterotrophic Cultivation ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Autotrophic Culture

Background: Nowadays, chlorophycean microalgae have attained a broad-spectrum attention as a potential candidate for biomass and bioenergy production. Despite their appreciated benefits, one of major problems is their low biomass and lipid productivity. Here we investigated the heterotrophic culture in shake flasks and stirred tank bioreactor to improve the lipid and biomass production in a naturally isolated strain of Chlorella vulgaris. Methods: A naturally isolated C. vulgaris strain was cultivated in BG-11 medium in shake flask and bioreactor. Its biochemical composition and growth kinetic parameters were investigated. Results: The biomass productivity was improved (3.68 fold) under heterotrophic culture compared to basal autotrophic culture condition in shake flask experiment. The total lipid content increased to 44% of total Dry Cell Weight (DCW) during heterotrophic growth after 21 days. Moreover, a great Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) yield was observed under heterotrophic cultivation. Total biomass and lipid content of microalgae in bioreactor experiment increased to 4.95 and 2.18 g L-1 respectively, during 5 days of the experiment compared to its basic autotrophic culture. Conclusion: The techno-economic aspects of exploiting C. vulgaris as a biodiesel feedstock werealso evaluated. The results imply that heterotrophic cultivation could compensate the low biomass productivity in microalgae for green energy production. Ever growing rates of established patents on application of various genetic and bioengineering-based methods have made it possible to achieve higher lipid contents with reduced total costs for microalgal biodiesel production as well.

The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Janet H. Woodward ◽  
D. E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

In Vitro Incorporation of Sodium Acetate-l-C14 into Leukocyte Lipids of Normal and Leukaemic Subjects as a Function of Incubation Time

1962 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
C Miras ◽  
G Lewis ◽  
J Mantzos
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Linear Part ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cytostatic Agents ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Product Relation

Summary1. Separated leukocytes or total blood from normal subjects, untreated leukaemic patients and from leukaemic patients treated with cytostatic agents were incubated with CH3COONa-l-C14. Radioactivity of mixed lipids was measured at standard time intervals.2. The time incorporation curve observed with leukocytes from treated leukaemic patients showed after an initial linear part, a more rapid levelling off than the curves observed with leukocytes from untreated and normal subjects.3. Therefore, an indirect effect of treatment on leukocyte lipid synthesis seems to be present.4. Phospholipid and neutral lipid synthesis by leukaemic leukocytes was also studied. The results give no evidence that these fractions as a whole have any precursor-product relation.

Applicability of electrodialysis to the separation of sodium acetate from synthetic alkaline hardwood extract

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 695-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAVIKANT PATIL ◽  
CHI TRUONG ◽  
JOSEPH GENCO ◽  
HEMANT PENDSE ◽  
ADRIAAN VAN HEININGEN
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
White Liquor ◽  
Complete Extraction ◽  
Electro Osmosis ◽  
Preliminary Separation

Our objective was to develop a process for recovering acetyl groups from industrial northeast hardwood chips. Extraction experiments showed that the white liquor charge of 6% effective alkali at 50°C and liquor-to-wood ratio of 4:1 leads to the complete extraction of acetyl groups from industrial hardwood chips. Electrodialysis was assessed as a technique for separating and concentrating sodium acetate from synthetic hardwood extract. Preliminary separation experiments using dilute sodium acetate showed that the sodium acetate can be concentrated up to approximately 24% by weight from an initial concentration of about 2% by weight. The effects of current density, feed concentration, electro-osmosis, and osmosis on the separation of sodium acetate were evaluated. Finally, selectivity experiments were performed to study the effect of various components of the white liquor on the separation of sodium acetate. Fully oxidized synthetic white liquor was used in selectivity experiments to avoid deleterious effects of Na2S. Selectivity experiments using synthetic oxidized white liquor showed a significant decrease in the separation efficiency due to the presence of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium sulfate in the synthetic extract.

Synthesis and Caracterization of some New 1H-3-aryl-7-etoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazoles

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Maria-Daniela Sofei ◽  
Maria Ilici ◽  
Valentin Badea ◽  
Carol Csunderlik ◽  
Vasile-Nicolae Bercean
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Ir And Nmr Spectroscopy

The synthesis of 1H-3-aryl-7-ethoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazoles (2) was carried out by cyclization of 1H-5-arylidenehydrazino-4-ethoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-pyrazoles (1) in the presence of bromine using glacial acetic acid as solvent and sodium acetate as base. The new nine obtained compounds were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Novel Synthesis of 4-Benzylidene-2-((1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-yl)methyl) oxazol-5(4H)-one Derivatives Using 1,2,3,Tetrahydroisoquinoline and their Antimicrobial Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 396-403
Author(s):  
Nalla Krishna Rao ◽  
Tentu Nageswara Rao ◽  
Botsa Parvatamma ◽  
Y. Prashanthi ◽  
Ravi Kumar Cheedarala
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Good Activity ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Aryl Aldehydes ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Novel Synthesis ◽  
Target Molecules

Aims: A series of six 4-benzylidene-2-((1-phenyl-3,4-dihydro isoquinoline-2(1H)-yl)methyloxazol- 5(4H)-one derivatives were synthesized by condensation of substituted aryl aldehydes with 2-(2-(1-phenyl-3,4- dihydro isoquinoline-2(1H)-acetamido)acetic acid in the presence of sodium acetate, acetic anhydride and zinc oxide as catalysts. Background: Novel Synthesis of 4-Benzylidene-2-((1-phenyl-3,4-dihy droisoquinoline-2(1H)-yl)methyl)oxazol- 5(4H)-one derivatives using 1,2,3,Tetrahydroisoquinoline and their antimicrobial activity. Objective: The title compounds can be synthesized from 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline. Methods: The target molecules, i.e., 4-benzylidene-2-((1-phenyl-3, 4-dihydro isoquinoline-2(1H)-yl) methyl) oxazol-5(4H)-one derivatives (8a-8f) have been synthesized from 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which was prepared from benzoic acid in few steps. Results: All the six compounds were evaluated based on advanced spectral data (1H NMR, 13C NMR & LCMS), and the chemical structures of all compounds were determined by elemental analysis. Conclusion: Antibacterial activity of the derivatives was examined for the synthesized compounds and results indicate that compound with bromine substitution has a good activity profile.

Modification of activated carbon using sodium acetate and its regeneration using sodium hydroxide for the adsorption of copper from aqueous solution

Carbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1081-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Mugisidi ◽  
Aria Ranaldo ◽  
Johny W. Soedarsono ◽  
Muhammad Hikam
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Acetate
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document