scholarly journals Determining Critical Soil pH for Sunflower Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apurba Sutradhar ◽  
Romulo P. Lollato ◽  
Katy Butchee ◽  
Daryl B. Arnall
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Rotational Crop

Soil acidity has become a major yield-limiting factor in cropping systems of the Southern Great Plains, in which winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) is the predominant crop. Sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) is a strong rotational crop with winter wheat due to its draught and heat tolerance. However, the effects of low soil pH on sunflower productivity have not been explored. The objective of this study was to determine the critical soil pH and aluminum concentration (AlKCl) for sunflower. Sunflower was grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications of a pH gradient ranging from 4.0 to 7.0 at three locations with varying soil types. Soil pH was altered using aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2). Plant height, vigor, and survivability were all negatively affected by soil acidity. Sunflower yield was reduced by 10% at or below soil pH 4.7 to 5.3 dependent upon location and soil type. Levels ofAlKClabove 6.35 mg kg−1reduced seed yield by 10% or greater. We concluded that sunflower may serve as a better rotational crop with winter wheat under acidic conditions when compared to other adaptable crops.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertility in semiarid dryland wheat production is challenging for beginning organic farmers

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew J. Lyon ◽  
Gary W. Hergert
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Fertility ◽  
Summer Fallow

AbstractOrganic farming systems use green and animal manures to supply nitrogen (N) to their fields for crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of green manure and composted cattle manure on the subsequent winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) crop in a semiarid environment. Dry pea (Pisum sativumL.) was seeded in early April and terminated at first flower in late June. Composted cattle manure was applied at 0, 11.2 or 22.5 Mg ha−1just prior to pea termination. Winter wheat was planted in mid September following the green manure or tilled summer fallow. No positive wheat response to green manure or composted cattle manure was observed in any of the 3 years of the study. In 2 of the 3 years, wheat yields and grain test weight were reduced following green manure. Green manure reduced grain yields compared with summer fallow by 220 and 1190 kg ha−1in 2009 and 2010, respectively. This may partially be explained by 40 and 47 mm less soil water at wheat planting following peas compared with tilled summer fallow in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Also, in 2008 and 2009, soil nitrate level averaged 45 kg ha−1higher for black fallow compared with green manure fallow when no compost was added. Organic growers in the semiarid Central Great Plains will be challenged to supply N fertility to their winter wheat crop in a rapid and consistent manner as a result of the inherently variable precipitation. Growers may need to allow several years to pass before seeing the benefits of fertility practices in their winter wheat cropping systems.

scholarly journals Determination of critical pH and Al concentration of acidic Ultisols for wheat and canola crops

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaha-Al Baquy ◽  
Jiu-Yu Li ◽  
Chen-Yang Xu ◽  
Khalid Mehmood ◽  
Ren-Kou Xu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Dry Land

Abstract. Soil acidity has become a serious constraint in dry land crop production systems of acidic Ultisols in tropical and subtropical regions of southern China, where winter wheat and canola are cultivated as important rotational crops. Regardless of other common existing concerns in acidic Ultisols of southern China, it needs to be investigated whether soil acidity has any effect on wheat and canola growth. There is little information on the determination of critical soil pH as well as aluminium (Al) concentration for wheat and canola crops. The objective of this study was to determine the critical soil pH and exchangeable aluminium concentration (AlKCl) for wheat and canola production. Two pot cultures with two Ultisols from Hunan and Anhui were conducted for wheat and canola crops in a controlled growth chamber, with a completely randomized design. A soil pH gradient ranging from 3.7 (Hunan) and 3.97 (Anhui) to 6.5, with three replications, was used as a treatment. Aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) were used to obtain the target soil pH levels. Plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of wheat and canola were adversely affected by soil acidity in both locations. The critical soil pH and AlKCl of the Ultisol from Hunan for wheat were 5.29 and 0.56 cmol kg−1, respectively. At Anhui, the threshold soil pH and AlKCl for wheat were 4.66 and 2.36 cmol kg−1, respectively. On the other hand, the critical soil pH for canola was 5.65 and 4.87 for the Ultisols from Hunan and Anhui, respectively. The critical soil exchangeable Al for canola cannot be determined from the experiment of this study. The results suggested that the critical soil pH and AlKCl varied between different locations for the same variety of crop, due to the different soil types and their other soil chemical properties. The critical soil pH for canola was higher than that for wheat for both Ultisols, thus canola was more sensitive to soil acidity. Therefore, we recommend that liming should be undertaken to increase soil pH if it falls below these critical soil pH levels for wheat and canola production.

Rotational Cropping Systems to Reduce Cheat (Bromus secalinus) Densities

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon C. Stone ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper ◽  
Amanda E. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Southern Great Plains ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Bromus Secalinus

In the Southern Great Plains, producers of hard red winter wheat seek sustainable methods for controlling cheat and improving economic returns. Experiments were conducted at two sites in north-central Oklahoma to determine the effect of cheat management programs, with various weed control strategies, on cheat densities and total net returns. The cheat management programs, initiated following harvest of winter wheat, included conventionally tilled, double-crop grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolorL.) followed by soybean (Glycine maxL.); and continuous winter wheat. Rotating out of winter wheat for one growing season increased yield of succedent wheat up to 32% and 42% at Billings and Ponca City, respectively. Dockage due to cheat in the succedent wheat was reduced up to 78% and 87% by rotating out of winter wheat for one growing season at Billings and Ponca City, respectively. Cheat management programs including a crop rotation with herbicides applied to the grain sorghum, except for an application of atrazine + metolachlor at Ponca City, improved total net returns over the nontreated continuous wheat option. Cheat panicles in the succedent wheat were reduced up to 87% by rotation out of winter wheat for one growing season.

scholarly journals Ascorbic Acid Priming Enhances Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Winter Wheat under Low Temperature Due to Late Sowing in Pakistan

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Shah ◽  
Sadia Latif ◽  
Hamad Khan ◽  
Fazal Munsif ◽  
Lixiao Nie
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Late Sowing

Poor seed germination is a crucial yield-limiting factor when winter wheat is sown under low temperature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of ascorbic acid (AsA) in the extenuation of the harmful effects of low temperature at early and reproductive stages of wheat during 2016–2017 (15 November to 15 December). A two-year experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement and with three replicates. Sowing dates (15 November and 15 December) were allotted to the main plot while seed priming (control, hydro-priming, and AsA priming) were allotted to the sub-plot. Results demonstrated that AsA priming significantly boosted different yield characteristics including chlorophyll content, tillers per unit area, number of grains per spike, and 1000-grain weight, contributing higher productivity and biomass during 2016–2017. The results further revealed that AsA could induce the up-regulation of diverse antioxidants (super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)), thus offsetting the adverse effects of sub-supra optimum temperatures of late sowing wheat. It is therefore concluded in this work that AsA priming enhances stand establishment, yield and yield-related traits, antioxidant enzyme activities, and chlorophyll contents when wheat is sown under low temperature.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of Sulfur from Waste Obtained during Biogas Desulfurization and the Effect of Sulfur on Soil Acidity and Biological Activity

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Tabak ◽  
Aneta Lisowska ◽  
Barbara Filipek-Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Waste Reuse

Sulfur deficiency has been recognized as a limiting factor for crop production in many regions of the world. A 120-day incubation experiment was conducted to assess the effect of the applied waste elemental sulfur on sulfur bioavailability in soil. Four doses of sulfur were applied: 10, 20, 30 and 60 mg S kg−1 dry matter (d.m.) of soil. In order to assess the effect of soil pH adjustment on sulfur oxidation, the research was conducted on two sets of soil samples: one set of soil samples had natural pH, and the second one was limed before sulfur application. Application of waste sulfur slightly affected the soil pH, and increased the content of available sulfur in soil proportionally to sulfur dose. A beneficial effect of waste sulfur application on soil dehydrogenase and catalase activity was found. Liming reduced soil acidity, and significantly increased sulfate content and soil enzymatic activity. Waste elemental sulfur may be an alternative source of sulfur, supplementing the deficiencies of this element in soils. The described way of sulfur waste reuse corresponds with the increasingly common approach to create waste-free technologies in all economy.

176 Evaluating Dual-purpose Wheat Varieties in the Southeastern U.S

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 93-94
Author(s):  
Micayla H West ◽  
Russell C Carrell ◽  
Sandra L Dillard
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The United States ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Abstract Dual-purpose wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) systems increase farm sustainability by diversifying on-farm income. While these systems are common in the Southern Great Plains of the United States, they are not often utilized in the Southeast. This study aimed to evaluate pre- and post-grazing herbage mass (HM) of four winter wheat varieties managed under a dual-purpose grazing and grain production system. The winter wheat varieties evaluated were generic feed-type wheat (mixed variety, Feed), seed-type wheat (‘GA Gore’) and two forage-type varieties, ‘AGS 2024’ (AGS) and ‘Pioneer 26R41’ (Pioneer). The experiment was a completely randomized block design with n = 4. Each plot was randomly assigned either as no-grazing (CON) or grazing (GF2). Plots were grazed with cow-calf pairs that were fasted 24 h before each grazing event. Grazing was considered complete when the average stubble height was 10 cm. Herbage mass was determined using three 0.1m2-quadrats per plot and clipping to a 10 cm stubble height before (PreG) and after (PostG) each grazing event. Forage samples were then dried at 45°C for 72 h. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (SAS Inst., Cary, NC). Differences were declared at P < 0.05. Initial HM was greater for PreG than PostG (883 and 615 kg/ha, respectively; P < 0.01). Prior to grazing, AGS (1204 kg/ha) was greater (P < 0.02) than all other varieties. Pre-grazing, there were no differences among the other varieties (776 kg/ha; P > 0.14). Post-grazing, AGS had a greater HM than Seed (788 and 391 ka/ha, respectively; P = 0.04), while all other varieties were intermediate (642 kg/ha). Herbage mass was affected by grazing frequency with CON being greater (P < 0.01) than GF2 (993 and 691 kg/ha, respectively). These results indicate that both wheat variety and grazing treatment had an effect on dual-purpose wheat herbage mass.

scholarly journals Soil Acidity Indices, Nutrient Availability and Plant Growth through Amelioration Practices in Adjacent Coal-mine Paddy Soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Markynti S. Lyngdoh ◽  
Naorem Janaki Singh ◽  
D. Thakuria ◽  
Vishram Ram ◽  
Lala I. P. Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
Yield Attributes

Potential adjacent coal mine paddy soils often endure low soil and plant productivity through unscientific mining activities causing acid mine drainage. But the extent of its effect to soil is not known, therefore the study was taken to characterize coal mine affected lowland fields on the basis of soil acidity, identify the best amelioration practices and evaluate the performance on rice productivity at farmers’ field level. An experiment with a completely randomised block design (5 replicates) was performed to determine the effects of poultry manure (PM), compost (C), lime (L), paper mill sludge (PMS) and microbial consortium (MC) with their suitable combination through pot experimentation at College of Post Graduate Studies followed by the preeminent selected practices at field trials at Khliehriat, Meghalaya. The factors used were PM and C (10 t ha-1), L as CaCO3, PMS (250 and 500 kg ha-1) and MC were incorporated at appropriate rates. On categorization, two locations were found to exhibit extremely pH acid soil (pH 4.51 ± 0.51) i.e. Moonlakhep (L1) and ultra pH soil (pH 3.14 ± 0.23) i.e. Ladrymbai (L2). Integration of practices showed significant increase in soil acidic indices such as soil pH by 6% to 23% and significant decrease in exchangeable acidity by 49% to 18% with T4 at both locations. Confined increases of soil organic carbon by 12% to 40% with enhanced available soil nutrients by 40% at high optimum rates were noticed. Yield attributes were significantly influenced by different treatments. Highest plant height (83.58 cm and 81.32 cm), grain yield (3436 kg ha-1 and 3120 kg ha-1) were recorded under the practices of T4. However, stover yield (7875 kgha-1) was noticed in T8 at L1 and at L2 maximum in T4 (7420 kgha-1). Soil acidic indices, nutrient and crop growth were influenced at high optimum rates of soil amendment and enhanced with PM amended soil.

scholarly journals Micronutrient Concentrations in Soil and Wheat Decline by Long-Term Tillage and Winter Wheat–Pea Rotation

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Shiwakoti ◽  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽  
Hero T. Gollany ◽  
Baoshan Xing ◽  
Markus Kleber
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Tillage Methods

Tillage plays a major role in nutrient dynamics under dryland cropping systems, but there remains uncertainty regarding the long-term impacts of tillage on nutrient availability. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of tillage intensity and timing on micronutrient concentration of soils and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under dryland winter wheat–pea (Pisum sativum L.) or WW-P rotation. The treatments included moldboard tillage in fall (FT) and spring (ST), disk/chisel tillage (DT), and no-tillage (NT). The concentrations of Mehlich III extractable boron, manganese, zinc, copper, and iron in soil were unaffected by the tillage methods; however, a significant decline in extractable zinc in the top 10 cm soil was observed compared to an adjacent undisturbed grass pasture (GP) (NT: 2.3 mg kg−1 vs. GP: 6.0 mg kg−1). In the upper 10 cm soil surface, NT (123 mg kg−1) maintained the extractable manganese concentration with GP (175 mg kg−1) whereas FT (97 mg kg−1), ST (92 mg kg−1), and DT (113 mg kg−1) had lower manganese than GP. Soil pH declined in the upper 10 cm under NT more than in the rest of the WW-P treatments. The results suggest NT can play a vital role in sustaining micronutrient availability due to decreased soil pH and the greater amount of organic matter within the surface soil of NT compared to other tillage methods.

scholarly journals Determining Critical Soil pH for Grain Sorghum Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy Butchee ◽  
Daryl B. Arnall ◽  
Apurba Sutradhar ◽  
Chad Godsey ◽  
Hailin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Exchangeable Aluminum ◽  
Sorghum Production

Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolorL.) has become a popular rotation crop in the Great Plains. The transition from conventional tillage to no-tillage production systems has led to an increase in the need for crop rotations. Some of the soils of the Great Plains are acidic, and there is concern that grain sorghum production may be limited when grown on acidic soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil pH for grain sorghum production. Potassium chloride-exchangeable aluminum was also analyzed to determine grain sorghum’s sensitivity to soil aluminum (Al) concentration. The relationship between relative yield and soil pH was investigated at Lahoma, Perkins, and Haskell, Oklahoma, USA with soil pH treatments ranging from 4.0–7.0. Soil pH was altered using aluminum sulfate or hydrated lime. Soil acidity reduced grain sorghum yield, resulting in a 10% reduction in yield at soil pH 5.42. Potassium chloride-exchangeable aluminum levels above 18 mg kg−1resulted in yield reductions of 10% or greater. Liming should be considered to increase soil pH if it is below these critical levels where grain sorghum will be produced.

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