scholarly journals Dissecting the Role of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells on Bone Metastases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Buenrostro ◽  
Serk In Park ◽  
Julie A. Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bone Microenvironment ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Different Cell Types

Tumor-induced bone disease is a dynamic process that involves interactions with many cell types. Once metastatic cancer cells reach the bone, they are in contact with many different cell types that are present in the cell-rich bone marrow. These cells include the immune cells, myeloid cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and mesenchymal stem cells. Each of these cell populations can influence the behavior or gene expression of both the tumor cells and the bone microenvironment. Additionally, the tumor itself can alter the behavior of these bone marrow cells which further alters both the microenvironment and the tumor cells. While many groups focus on studying these interactions, much remains unknown. A better understanding of the interactions between the tumor cells and the bone microenvironment will improve our knowledge on how tumors establish in bone and may lead to improvements in diagnosing and treating bone metastases. This review details our current knowledge on the interactions between tumor cells that reside in bone and their microenvironment.

scholarly journals The cultivation of bone marrow cells and cell lines on polymeric films

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-543
Author(s):  
M.S. Dolgikh ◽  
D.N. Livak ◽  
M.E. Krasheninnikov ◽  
N.A. Onishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Polymeric Films ◽  
Artificial Organ ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Cultural Media ◽  
Marrow Cells

The cultivation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal bone marrow cells and cells of A-431, MDCK, Vero, 3T3 and Hep-G2 was performed on polymeric films (PVA) with different hydrophobic fatty acid residues. The cells of different types grew on these films with different intensity, but in the most cases comparable with the cultivation control on usual plastic. The examined films were nontoxic to cells and sufficiently adhesive. They did not changed pH of cultural media, were optically transparent under microscope and comfortable in the experimental work. These films can be used as a model for the artificial organ construction. The covalent binding of different fatty acids to PVA shows possibility of the adaptable changes of films properties (hydrophobity and adhesiveness), and therefore possibility of the creation of optimal conditions for different cell types attachement and growth.

An Electron Microscopic Study of Normal Blood and Bone Marrow in Pigs

1968 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per H. J. Nafstad ◽  
Inger Nafstad
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Microscopic Picture ◽  
Different Cell Types

The ultrastructure of blood and bone marrow cells in the normal pig was studied; the process of maturation of the different cell types was found to be essentially in accordance with that in other animal species. The eosinophilic granules had a pattern which differed from that in other mammals, being characterized by specific internal structure in the immature stages. During maturation, however, a homogenous appearance supervened. Moreover, the lymphocytic nuclei were found to have irregular shapes as compared with the light microscopic picture. The results are compared to some reported studies of other animal species.

scholarly journals Tumor cell heterogeneity in multiple myeloma: antigenic, morphologic, and functional studies of cells from blood and bone marrow

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1925-1935
Author(s):  
MA King ◽  
DS Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen

Tumor cells from six patients with immunoglobulin G (IgG) multiple myeloma were analyzed for surface antigens, cytoplasmic paraprotein, morphology, and response to various culture conditions. The tumor marker was the paraprotein idiotype. Low numbers of tumor cells were found in the blood of most of the patients. In some patients, the circulating tumor cells were solely B lymphocytes, whereas in other patients, they were lymphoid, lymphoplasmacytoid, and plasmacytoid. Dual surface antigen analysis of blood and bone marrow cells confirmed that the tumor may be composed of a spectrum of cell types. Thus, cells may range from surface-idiotype+,CD19+,CD20+, PCA-1-,cytoplasmic- idiotype- lymphocytes, to CD19-,PCA-1+,cytoplasmic-idiotype+ plasma cells that are surface-idiotype- or weakly surface-idiotype+. In one patient, some of the tumor cells co-expressed surface idiotype and CD10. The tumor B lymphocytes were activated in vitro to synthesize paraprotein by pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and by low molecular weight B cell growth factor (BCGF). In contrast, spontaneous synthesis of paraprotein by more mature tumor cells was inhibited by agents that also inhibit nonmyeloma plasma cells. These agents included PWM, gamma interferon, and phorbol ester. The results demonstrate that in multiple myeloma there exist different tumor cell types that are similar, by a variety of criteria, to normal B lineage cells at different stages of differentiation. Thus, further evidence is provided for the hypothesis of myeloma cell differentiation.

scholarly journals Tumor cell heterogeneity in multiple myeloma: antigenic, morphologic, and functional studies of cells from blood and bone marrow

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1925-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA King ◽  
DS Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen

Abstract Tumor cells from six patients with immunoglobulin G (IgG) multiple myeloma were analyzed for surface antigens, cytoplasmic paraprotein, morphology, and response to various culture conditions. The tumor marker was the paraprotein idiotype. Low numbers of tumor cells were found in the blood of most of the patients. In some patients, the circulating tumor cells were solely B lymphocytes, whereas in other patients, they were lymphoid, lymphoplasmacytoid, and plasmacytoid. Dual surface antigen analysis of blood and bone marrow cells confirmed that the tumor may be composed of a spectrum of cell types. Thus, cells may range from surface-idiotype+,CD19+,CD20+, PCA-1-,cytoplasmic- idiotype- lymphocytes, to CD19-,PCA-1+,cytoplasmic-idiotype+ plasma cells that are surface-idiotype- or weakly surface-idiotype+. In one patient, some of the tumor cells co-expressed surface idiotype and CD10. The tumor B lymphocytes were activated in vitro to synthesize paraprotein by pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and by low molecular weight B cell growth factor (BCGF). In contrast, spontaneous synthesis of paraprotein by more mature tumor cells was inhibited by agents that also inhibit nonmyeloma plasma cells. These agents included PWM, gamma interferon, and phorbol ester. The results demonstrate that in multiple myeloma there exist different tumor cell types that are similar, by a variety of criteria, to normal B lineage cells at different stages of differentiation. Thus, further evidence is provided for the hypothesis of myeloma cell differentiation.

Factors regulating the growth of metastatic cancer in bone.

1999 ◽  
pp. 333-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
B F Boyce ◽  
T Yoneda ◽  
T A Guise
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Surface Proteins

Metastatic tumor cells can interfere directly with the function of bone cells involved in normal bone remodeling or indirectly by influencing the behavior of hematopoietic, stromal and other cells in bone marrow that interact with bone cells. Recent studies of metastatic cancer have revealed that tumor cells interact closely with vascular endothelial cells, basement membrane and bone marrow stromal cells through cell surface proteins or by releasing factors which affect the function of these cells. Bidirectional interaction between marrow cells and tumor cells can give the latter a selective advantage for growth in bone which can lead to the destruction of or to increased production of bone matrix. Understanding of the mechanisms involved in tumor metastasis and growth in bone has increased in recent years, and in this review we shall describe current knowledge of these mechanisms and of the predilection of certain types of cancers to metastasize to bone, their growth in the bone microenvironment and interactions between them and bone cells. Because metastatic breast cancer has been studied more than any other, we shall focus on it as a representative example, although the general principles apply to other types of cancer and to myeloma.

scholarly journals Truncated mu (mu') chains in murine IgM. Evidence that mu' chains lack variable regions.

1985 ◽  
Vol 162 (6) ◽  
pp. 1862-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Marks ◽  
M J Bosma
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Lymph Node Cells

Secreted IgM was shown to contain truncated mu (mu') chains with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 55 kD. The estimated percentage of IgM heavy (H) chains in the mu' form ranged from less than or equal to 1% in the case of one tumor IgM protein (104E) to greater than or equal to 30% in normal serum IgM. Serum mu' chains lacked antigenic determinants characteristic of immunoglobulin variable regions and showed a restricted isoelectric focusing pattern compared with that of conventional mu chains. Intracellular mu' chains were readily detected in bone marrow cells but not in spleen or lymph node cells; mu' chains were also detected in IgM-producing tumor cells and in a hybridoma cell line that deleted its productive mu allele. These results predict irregularities in IgM structure and recall an old controversy concerning the valence of IgM molecules.

scholarly journals Neuroinflammation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia and the Interest of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Study Immune Cells Interactions With Neurons

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Liu ◽  
Léa Karpf ◽  
Delphine Bohl
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Inflammation is a shared hallmark between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). For long, studies were conducted on tissues of post-mortem patients and neuroinflammation was thought to be only bystander result of the disease with the immune system reacting to dying neurons. In the last two decades, thanks to improving technologies, the identification of causal genes and the development of new tools and models, the involvement of inflammation has emerged as a potential driver of the diseases and evolved as a new area of intense research. In this review, we present the current knowledge about neuroinflammation in ALS, ALS-FTD, and FTD patients and animal models and we discuss reasons of failures linked to therapeutic trials with immunomodulator drugs. Then we present the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and its interest as a new tool to have a better immunopathological comprehension of both diseases in a human context. The iPSC technology giving the unique opportunity to study cells across differentiation and maturation times, brings the hope to shed light on the different mechanisms linking neurodegeneration and activation of the immune system. Protocols available to differentiate iPSC into different immune cell types are presented. Finally, we discuss the interest in studying monocultures of iPS-derived immune cells, co-cultures with neurons and 3D cultures with different cell types, as more integrated cellular approaches. The hope is that the future work with human iPS-derived cells helps not only to identify disease-specific defects in the different cell types but also to decipher the synergistic effects between neurons and immune cells. These new cellular tools could help to find new therapeutic approaches for all patients with ALS, ALS-FTD, and FTD.

Implications of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and prospects for therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armita Mahdavi Gorabi ◽  
Mohsen Ghanbari ◽  
Thozhukat Sathyapalan ◽  
Tannaz Jamialahmadi ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Lipid Uptake ◽  
Atherosclerosis Development ◽  
Signaling Receptors ◽  
Different Cell Types

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs containing around 22 nucleotides, which are expressed in vertebrates and plants. They act as posttranscriptional gene expression regulators, fine-tuning various biological processes in different cell types. There is emerging evidence on their role in different stages of atherosclerosis. In addition to regulating the inflammatory cells involved in atherosclerosis, miRNAs play fundamental roles in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis such as endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, the aberrant function of the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and cholesterol metabolism. Moreover, miRNAs participate in several pathogenic pathways of atherosclerotic plaque development, including their effects on immune cell signaling receptors and lipid uptake. In this study, we review our current knowledge of the regulatory role of miRNAs in various pathogenic pathways underlying atherosclerosis development and also outline potential clinical applications of miRNAs in atherosclerosis.

Acute-phase responses and adipocytokines

2013 ◽  
pp. 424-430
Author(s):  
Elena Neumann ◽  
Klaus Frommer ◽  
Ulf Müller-Ladner
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Different Cell Types

Adipokines, also called adipocytokines, are highly bioactive substances mainly expressed by adipose tissue. In addition to adipocytes, different cell types resident in various tissues produce adipokines under pathophysiological conditions. Adipokines include a growing number of pluripotent molecules such as adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and visfatin. Since distinct effects of adipokines on inflammation have been described, their influence on the (innate) immune system has been investigated in rheumatology, gastroenterology, and endocrinology. This review gives an overview on the current knowledge about the influence which adipokines have on the immune system and chronic inflammation in rheumatic diseases.

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