scholarly journals Zoonoses and One Health: A Review of the Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satesh Bidaisee ◽  
Calum N. L. Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dependent Relationship ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
The One

Background. One health is a concept that was officially adopted by international organizations and scholarly bodies in 1984. It is the notion of combining human, animal, and environmental components to address global health challenges that have an ecological interconnectedness.Methods. A cross-sectional study of the available literature cited was conducted from January 1984 when the one health concept was adopted till December 2012 to examine the role of the one health approach towards zoonoses. Inclusion criteria included publications, professional presentations, funding allocations, official documentation books, and book chapters, and exclusion criteria included those citations written outside the period of review.Results. A total of 737 resources met the inclusion criteria and were considered in this review. Resources showed a continuous upward trend for the years from 2006 to 2012. The predominant resources were journal publications with environmental health as the significant scope focus for one health. There was also an emphasis on the distribution of the work from developed countries. All categories of years, resources, scopes, and country locale differed from the means (P=0.000). Year of initiative, scope, and country locale showed a dependent relationship (P=0.022,P=0.003, andP=0.021, resp.).Conclusion. Our findings demonstrate the rapid growth in embracing the concept of one health, particularly in developed countries over the past six years. The advantages and benefits of this approach in tackling zoonoses are manifold, yet they are still not seemingly being embraced in developing countries where zoonoses have the greatest impact.

Medical interns’ attitudes towards One Health approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceren Varer Akpinar ◽  
Seyfi Durmaz
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
Medical Interns ◽  
The One

Abstract Objectives One Health approach to health considers human, animal, and ecosystem health as a whole and advocates cooperation across disciplines to reach the highest level of health. The aim of the study is to determine the attitudes of the medical interns’ toward the One Health approach and to evaluate related factors. Methods This cross-sectional study targeted all interns of the Faculty of Medicine of 2019–2020 academic year (n=356). Sociodemographic characteristics, health status, habits, and attitudes toward One Health were asked in the questionnaire, which was created by the researchers using the literature. The study data were collected based on self-report during occupational health and safety training, before the COVID-19 pandemic. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were also performed. Results The study group included a fair gender distribution (47.8% female), and the average age was 23.6 ± 1.2. Out of the 316 participants, 40.2% had not heard the One Health concept before. In total, 85.4% of them declared a positive attitude toward the concept. The probability of high attitude was found to be 5.03 times (95% CI 1.10–23.12) higher in those with above-average success status and 4.08 times (95% CI 1.15–14.52) higher in those who had kept animals. In students’ responses to the attitude questionnaire items, the epidemic sub-dimension had the highest level as 86.1%, and the antibiotic resistance sub-dimension had the lowest level as 77.2%. Conclusions The current study revealed that the awareness on One Health concept among medical interns is limited, however, students’ attitudes are positive. Recent SARS-CoV 2 pandemic showed us the urgent need for proper implementation of’ One Health approach in the medical education curriculum. Meanwhile, One Health focused courses should be introduced into the curriculum of final year medicine and related programs.

scholarly journals Insight into One Health Approach: Endoparasite Infections in Captive Wildlife in Bangladesh

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Tilak Chandra Nath ◽  
Keeseon S. Eom ◽  
Seongjun Choe ◽  
Shahadat Hm ◽  
Saiful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Zoo Animals ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
Control Knowledge

Introduction: Endoparasites in captive wildlife might pose a threat to public health; however, very few studies have been conducted on this issue, and much remains to be learned, especially in limited-resource settings. This study aimed to investigate endoparasites of captive wildlife in Bangladesh. Perception and understanding of veterinarians regarding one health and zoonoses were also assessed. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to August 2020. A total of 45 fecal samples from 18 different species of wild animals (i.e., 11 species of mammals: herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores, six birds, and a single reptile species) were collected randomly. Parasitological assessments were done by modified formalin ether sedimentation technique and rechecked by Sheather’s sugar floatation technique. Molecular identification of Spirometra spp. was conducted by amplifying the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) gene. Questionnaire surveys among 15 veterinarians and an in-depth interview (IDI) with a zoo officer were conducted. Results: Helminths (Spirometra sp., Capillaria sp., Ascaridia/Heterakis, opisthorchiid, strongyles, acuariid, hookworms, roundworms, and unidentified nematode larvae) and protozoa (coccidian oocyst) were identified, and the overall prevalence was 48.9% (22/45). The cox1 sequences (341 bp) of the Bangladesh-origin Spirometra species from lion showed 99.3–99.7% similarity to the reference sequences of Spirometra decipiens (GenBank No: KJ599679.1; MT122766). The majority of study participants (86.6%) agreed about the importance of endoparasite control in zoo animals, and 73.3% expressed that the one health concept should be promoted in Bangladesh. Only 6.7% of veterinarians perceived confidence in diagnosing parasitic diseases and preventing antiparasiticidal resistance. Conclusions: In the present survey, we found a considerable prevalence of endoparasites in captive wildlife. For the first time, zoonotically important S. decipiens from lion was molecularly characterized in Bangladesh. Veterinarian training is required to improve parasite control knowledge and practice. This study highlights the need for routine parasitological assessment, promotion of one health, and improvement of the implementation of current parasite control strategies in zoo animals.

scholarly journals Mental Health in Health Students during Coronavirus Disease-19: Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Agus Purnama ◽  
Susaldi Susaldi ◽  
Halma Zahro Mukhlida ◽  
Hilma Hasro Maulida ◽  
Nyimas Heny Purwati
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Conditions

Purpose: This study aims to examine the description of mental health characteristics of health students who conducted studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The design of this study is to use a systematic review approach by collecting several articles from a database that has been selected consisting of Springer. , ScienceDirect and ProQuest with articles published in 2020. Search for articles was carried out by entering the keyword "mental health AND student AND COVID-19". The search for this article was limited to inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria in this study were health students who were still conducting studies during the COVID-19 pandemic and a cross-sectional study design, while the exclusion criteria were non-health students, only abstracts and books, and letters to the editor. Results: After a search on the selected database, the results are 677 Springer articles, 554 direct articles, and 1348 ProQuest articles. 11 were removed for duplicates, 444 full texts were reviewed and 6 articles matched inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the 6 articles that were reviewed showed that the majority of health students reported mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, stress, and another emotional status. Where moderate and severe levels of anxiety were experienced by some Health students who carried out education during the Covid-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on psychological conditions, especially on health students who are carrying out their education. Students report poor mental health conditions while carrying out home education by learning online during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Biosecurity challenges in the control of avian influenza in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
S.I. Ijoma ◽  
E.R. Agusi ◽  
V.I. Ifende ◽  
O.H. Osemeke ◽  
V.T. Columba
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Poultry Farmers ◽  
The One ◽  
Live Bird

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) has a devastating impact on the economy especially the poultry industry and it jeopardizes food security and public health. The disease which was first reported in Nigeria in 2006, re-occurred in 2015, 2016, 2018 and 2019. Inspite of the efforts the federal government has put into eradicating Avian Influenza in the country, the re-occurrence of the disease points to challenges of control efforts by stakeholders. Biosecurity challenges confronting poultry farmers and live bird market operators were implicated in new outbreaks and spread of HPAI. A cross-sectional study was carried out by administering open ended questionnaires to poultry farmers and live bird marketers in 12 States that shared boundaries with States affected by HPAI in 2019. Using the thematic style of qualitative analysis and MS Excel 2016, data and information with common denominators and pattern were collated and grouped. The One Health approach was adopted for this study. This was achieved by evaluating the knowledge of the stakeholders on the spread of Avian Influenza (AI), the biosecurity challenges they faced, their recommended solutions and new preventive or control measures they were willing to implement in order to achieve biosecurity against AI outbreak. The live bird marketers' responses showed their major challenge to be poor commitment to implementing already known biosecurity rules (22%), followed by unavailability of funds (13%) and sanitation problems. The poultry farmers struggled with lack of funds for maintenance (32%), and lack of compliance to biosecurity by farm attendants (24%). Both groups jointly recommended alleviating strategies such as the improvement of stakeholder education, supportive financing and the strengthening of animal health legislations. These new insights would benefit the formulation and implementing effective probiosecurity strategies for the control of avian influenza. Keywords: Avian influenza, biosecurity, one health, poultry farms, Nigeria

scholarly journals Benefits of a community based interdisciplinary learning exposure: A qualitative study of the One Health approach in teaching at Makerere University, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Buregyeya ◽  
Edwinah Atusingwize ◽  
Peninah Nsamba ◽  
Christine Nalwadda ◽  
Jimmy Osuret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
One Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Team Work ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Makerere University ◽  
Disciplinary Field ◽  
Health Concept

Abstract Makerere University implemented a One Health Institute (OHI) in 2016 involving undergraduate students selected from different disciplines. The students were first taken through theoretical principles in One Health followed by a field attachment in communities. The field attachment aimed to expose students to experiential educational opportunities in the communities in a One Health approach. In this paper, we present students’ experiences and their contributions to the communities of attachment.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study, utilizing qualitative data collection methods. The study involved students who participated in the OHI field attachment and community members in Western Uganda. Four focus group discussions (FGDs) and four in-depths (IDIs) were conducted among the students, while four FGDs and eight IDIs were conducted among community members. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed manually.ResultsThe four themes that emerged are: students’ understanding and appreciation of One Health concept, their experiences and gains from the multi-disciplinary field attachment, students’ contributions to the community, and challenges faced by the students. Students had good knowledge of One Health. They appreciated that health cannot be achieved by one discipline or sector and thus the need to collaborate across sectors. Regarding experiences and gains during the multi-disciplinary field attachment, the students appreciated that each discipline had a role to play in achieving health in the community. They appreciated the training sighting skills gained in communication, team work and collaboration. They also reported a feeling of gratitude and accomplishment because they felt they made a positive change to the community by putting in place interventions to address some of the community challenges. Similarly, the communities appreciated the students’ contribution in solving their health challenges, ranging from conducting health education to improving sanitation and hygiene.ConclusionsThrough the OHI, students gained One Health competencies including communication, teamwork, and collaboration. Adopting an interdisciplinary model in university teaching system especially during field placement would strengthen skills of collaboration, team work and communication which are critical for a multi-disciplinary approach which is needed among the future workforce in order to solve the current health challenges.

scholarly journals HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1857-1862
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Lohano ◽  
Shamsuddin Shaikh ◽  
Nazia Arain
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Serum Sodium Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and relation to severity of hyponatremia in liver cirrhotic patients associated with hepatic encephalopathy. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Medicine Department of Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences Nawabshah from 26th October 2016 to 25th April 2017. Material and Methods: All patients of either gender with 15 to 70 years associated liver cirrhosis, were included in the study. Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis was confirmed by laboratory and ultrasonographic findings. Exclusion criteria were patients outside of patient range, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, or anotherco morbid. Sodium levels were measured by 2cc bloodsample by blood from cubital vein preferably. Encephalopathy was evaluated via West Haven classification. All the data were entered into SPSS 20 version and were analyzed by using the same software. Results: A total of 369 patients met the inclusion criteria. Among them were 129 males and 240 females. The overall mean age of study subjects was 57.07±9.23 years. The overall mean duration of hepatic encephalopathy was 2.53±0.733 days. The overall mean serum sodium level for study subjects was 129.59±7.11 mEq/L. Most of the study subjects, 83.5% had HCV, 12.7% patients were HBV positive whereas 3% were positive for HBV as well as HCV. 26 patients had grade 1 encephalopathy, 30 patients had grade II encephalopathies, 258 patients had grade III encephalopathies, and 55 patients had grade IV encephalopathy. In our study, 73.2% study subjects were observed with hyponatremia. Out of 270 study subjects found with hyponatremia, 25.2% had mild hyponatremia, 44.8% had moderate hyponatremia, and 30% had severe hyponatremia. The results showed that there was a significant association of hyponatremia with viral markers (p=0.030), duration of hepatic encephalopathy (p=0.102) and grades of hepatic encephalopathy (p=0.746). Conclusion: We concluded hyponatremia is frequently found in patients with cirrhosis liver. Significant correlation of hyponatremia with the severity of hepatic encephalopathy.

scholarly journals The Role of Polymorphism Gen Methylene Tetra Hydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) C677T in Ischaemic Stroke Patients with and Without Hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cut Aria Arina ◽  
Darwin Amir ◽  
Yahwardiah Siregar ◽  
Rosita J. Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Mthfr C677t ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mthfr Genotype ◽  
Pcr Rflp

BACKGROUND: Stroke is a leading cause of disability and remains the second leading cause of death in the world. Some of the pathogenesis of stroke are interactions between genetic and acquired risk factors, the interaction is related with the atherosclerotic which is the main pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke. Previous studies demonstrated an association between methylene tetra hydro folate reductase (MTHFR) genotype and ischaemic stroke; the MTHFR C677T genotype is one of the independent risk factor. AIM: This study aims to know about the role of polymorphism gen MTHFR C677T in ischaemic stroke patients with and without hypertension. METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional study, the sample was taken consecutively, after approval by the Medical Faculty Science’s Ethics Committee at University Sumatera Utara. All sample matched with inclusion and exclusion criteria, demography data and blood sample were taken. Demography data were analysed using descriptive statistic. RESULTS: Of the 106 ischaemic stroke patients were divided into two groups, the first group is patients with hypertension (53 patients), and the second group is without hypertension (53 patients). We have done the PCR- RFLP to all the patients, we got 78 patients with 677CC of MTHFR genotype, 23 patients with 677CT genotype and 5 patients with 677TT genotype. We found polymorphism C677T is more frequent in ischaemic stroke patients with hypertension (16 patients; 69.5%), and all the patient with 677TT genotype are an ischaemic stroke with hypertension (5 patients; 100%). CONCLUSION: We concluded that polymorphism MTHFR C677T have an important role in hypertension and ischaemic stroke.

scholarly journals Relation between Attachment and Obesity in Preschool Years: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3572
Author(s):  
Ana F. Santos ◽  
Mariana C. Martins ◽  
Carla Fernandes ◽  
Kelly K. Bost ◽  
Manuela Veríssimo
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Attachment Quality ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Increasing evidence suggests that attachment plays an important role in obesity. However, few studies examined this relationship in preschool children. This study aimed to systematically examine the empirical, peer-reviewed evidence regarding the relationship between attachment quality and obesity in the preschool years. Using established guidelines, relevant peer-reviewed literature published between 2000 and July 2021 was searched through EBSCO. This yielded a total of 1124 records for review. Established inclusion criteria comprised: empirical studies published in peer-review journals; include at least one anthropometric measure and/or food consumption measure. Exclusion criteria comprised: attachment measures not following Bowlby-Ainsworth conceptualization of the construct; children in institutionalized settings; context of severe mental illness, documented substance use disorders, or eating disorders; include only a measure of the psychological aspects of eating; intervention programs. After exclusions, eight studies with a total of 9225 participants met the inclusion criteria. Results support the role of attachment in weight-related outcomes, suggesting that considering attachment in the risk of obesity could contribute to the elaboration of effective prevention and intervention programs. Limitations included the small number of studies, predominately cross-sectional designs, the diversity of methodologies, most samples not including fathers, and lack of evidence about the developmental mechanisms underlying the association between attachment and obesity. More evidence is needed to determine how attachment and obesity are linked, and the potential underlying mechanisms accounting for this relationship.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN RERATA FAKTOR HEMOSTASIS PADA PREEKLAMPSIA BERAT DAN EKLAMPSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Dyhan Purna Setia ◽  
Ferdinal Ferry ◽  
Dovy Djanas
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hemostatic Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
D Dimer

Objective : To find the difference in mean hemostatic factors in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia.Method : The study was analytic descriptive using a cross sectional study design by looking at the subject's Medical Record according to the time and place of research. The sample is the entire medical record of pregnant women who suffer from preeclampsia and eclampsia in the obstetric and gynecology departments of Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital in the period 15 January 2016 to 31 December 2017. The assessment was in the form of assessed platelet levels, PT, APTT and D-Dimer. Samples were taken from populations that met the inclusion criteria and did not have exclusion criteria. Sampling using consecutive sampling techniques taken from the Medical Record Dr. M.Djamil Padang. Statistical analysis to assess significance using the T-Test.Result : The severity the condition of pregnancy the lower the platelet mean and PT. Significant differences were obtained between platelets in PEB and eclampsia (p> 0.05). The mean PT, APTT and D-Dimer showed no significant differences in pregnancy conditions. Statistical test with T-Test did not show significant differences in mean PT, APTT, and D-dimer between eclampsia and PEB (p> 0.05).Conclusion : There were significant differences in mean in platelets, whereas in PT, APTT, and D-dimers in PEB and eclampsia there were no significant differences.Keywords: Pregnancy, severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, platelets, PT, APTT, D-Dimer.

Shifting Dietary Patterns Contribute to the Risk of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome among Urban Affluent Men in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Prajakta Parab-Waingankar ◽  
Shobha Rao
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Diet Pattern

The pertinent role of diet in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) is evident among studies from developed countries, however scarce data is available from India that has a culturally unique diet pattern. Data on socio-economic background, dietary patterns, BMI, body fat, circumferences, skin folds and blood pressure were recorded on 302 affluent men (30-60 years) in a cross-sectional study in Pune, India. Fasting blood estimations were performed for glucose, insulin and lipids. The subjects were predominantly (70%) vegetarians with daily butter consumption at 50%, high consumption (> 4 times / week) of milk at 60.5% and > 2 times / week for milk products (36%), home-made fried snacks (35%), outside snacks (25.5%) and outside meals (32.2%). High consumption of home-made fried and sweet snacks, outside snacks and milk products showed significantly higher (p once/week) as compared to consumption of once or less per month, even after adjusting for BMI. It was thus evident that consuming foods high in unhealthy fats and sugar (> 2 times/week) increased the risk for both abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome.

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