scholarly journals Playing a Musical Instrument as a Protective Factor against Dementia and Cognitive Impairment: A Population-Based Twin Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alison Balbag ◽  
Nancy L. Pedersen ◽  
Margaret Gatz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Study

Increasing evidence supports that playing a musical instrument may benefit cognitive development and health at young ages. Whether playing an instrument provides protection against dementia has not been established. In a population-based cotwin control study, we examined the association between playing a musical instrument and whether or not the twins developed dementia or cognitive impairment. Participation in playing an instrument was taken from informant-based reports of twins’ leisure activities. Dementia diagnoses were based on a complete clinical workup using standard diagnostic criteria. Among 157 twin pairs discordant for dementia and cognitive impairment, 27 pairs were discordant for playing an instrument. Controlling for sex, education, and physical activity, playing a musical instrument was significantly associated with less likelihood of dementia and cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 0.36 [95% confidence interval 0.13–0.99]). These findings support further consideration of music as a modifiable protective factor against dementia and cognitive impairment.

Physical Activity as Protective Factor against Dementia: A Prospective Population-Based Study (NEDICES)

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 861-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Llamas-Velasco ◽  
Israel Contador ◽  
Alberto Villarejo-Galende ◽  
David Lora-Pablos ◽  
Félix Bermejo-Pareja
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Health Related

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze whether physical activity (PA) is a protective factor for the incidence of dementia after 3 years of follow-up. The Neurological Disorders in Central Spain (NEDICES) is a prospective population-based survey of older adults (age 65 years and older) that comprised 5278 census-based participants at baseline (1994–1995). A broad questionnaire was used to assess participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, health status, and lifestyle. Subsequently, a modified version of Rosow-Breslau questionnaire was applied to classify individuals’ baseline PA into groups (i.e., sedentary, light, moderate, and high). Cox regression models adjusted for several covariates (age, sex, education, previous stroke, alcohol consumption, hypertension, health related variables) were carried out to estimate the association between the PA groups and risk of dementia at the 3-year follow-up (1997–1998). A total of 134 incident dementia cases were identified among 3105 individuals (56.6% female; mean age=73.15±6.26) after 3 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) of the light, moderate, and high PA groups (vs. sedentary group) were 0.40 (95% confidence interval {CI} [0.26, 0.62]; p<.001), 0.32 (95% CI [0.20, 0.54]; p<.001) and 0.23 (95% CI [0.13, 0.40]; p<.001), respectively. Even after controlling for covariates and the exclusion of doubtful dementia cases, HRs remained significant. However, a supplementary analysis showed that the dose-effect hypothesis did not reach statistical significance. PA is a protective factor of incident dementia in this population-based cohort. (JINS, 2015, 21, 861–867)

scholarly journals The Association between Physical Activity and Selected Parameters of Psychological Status and Dementia in Older Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7549
Author(s):  
Angelika Cisek-Woźniak ◽  
Kinga Mruczyk ◽  
Rafał W. Wójciak
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
The Impact

Physical activity has an unquestionable impact on broadly understood human health. One interesting issue related to this is the importance of movement on mental health and cognitive functioning. Research shows that regular physical activity improves the cognitive functioning of adults and people with mental disorders. Regular physical activity can be an important and powerful protective factor in cognitive impairment and dementia in the elderly, and exercise is an important non-pharmacological treatment for mild cognitive impairment or neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to present the impact of physical activity on selected cognitive functions in physically active women over 60 years of age. The research was carried out in a group of 110 generally healthy women from the area of western Poland over 60 years of age, who were divided into four groups based on the intensity of their physical activity. A pedometer (sport watch) and a physical activity diary were used to measure physical activity. Body Mass Index was assessed. Selected cognitive functions were assessed using the MMSE test, motor and psychomotor skills were measured, and Luria’s auditory memory test and recall test, a clock drawing test, and a GDS test were performed. There were statistically significant relationships between the level of physical activity and the effectiveness of cognitive processes. These results show that about 5000 steps a day is enough to see a positive effect on the mental health and cognitive functioning of this group of the elderly population. The women had an average BMI of 28.1 ± 4.7. BMI, indicating an overweight condition (over 30 kg/m2), was observed in 31% of women. The results of this study lead the authors to conclude that physical activity positively influences cognitive function and can be recommended for all seniors who do not have other serious comorbidities that would prevent them from playing sports.

scholarly journals The Importance of Engaging in Physical Activity in Older Adulthood for Transitions Between Cognitive Status Categories and Death: A Coordinated Analysis of 14 Longitudinal Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomiko Yoneda ◽  
Nathan A Lewis ◽  
Jamie E Knight ◽  
Jonathan Rush ◽  
Rebecca Vendittelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Given increasing incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia, further understanding of modifiable factors contributing to increased healthspan is crucial. Extensive literature provides evidence that physical activity (PA) delays the onset of cognitive impairment; however, it is unclear whether engaging in PA in older adulthood is sufficient to influence progression through cognitive status categories. Method Applying a coordinated analysis approach, this project independently analyzed 14 longitudinal studies (NTotal = 52 039; mean baseline age across studies = 69.9–81.73) from North America and Europe using multistate survival models to estimate the impact of engaging in PA on cognitive status transitions (nonimpaired, mildly impaired, severely impaired) and death. Multinomial regression models were fit to estimate life expectancy (LE) based on American PA recommendations. Meta-analyses provided the pooled effect sizes for the role of PA on each transition and estimated LEs. Results Controlling for baseline age, sex, education, and chronic conditions, analyses revealed that more PA is significantly associated with decreased risk of transitioning from nonimpaired to mildly impaired cognitive functioning and death, as well as substantially longer LE. Results also provided evidence for a protective effect of PA after onset of cognitive impairment (eg, decreased risk of transitioning from mild-to-severe cognitive impairment; increased likelihood of transitioning backward from severe-to-mild cognitive impairment), though between-study heterogeneity suggests a less robust association. Conclusions These results yield evidence for the importance of engaging in PA in older adulthood for cognitive health, and a rationale for motivating older adults to engage consistently in PA.

scholarly journals Association between the frequency of admission for pneumonia and the incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest: A population-based case–control study

2020 ◽  
pp. 102490792096409
Author(s):  
Yu-Rung Hsu ◽  
I-Ju Tsai ◽  
Wei-Kung Chen ◽  
Kuan-Ho Lin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Prevention ◽  
Insurance Program ◽  
Taiwan National Health Insurance ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Control Study

Objective: To examine the association between the frequency of admission for pneumonia and the incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods: We enrolled 1739 patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest and 6956 randomly selected age- and sex-matched control patients using a longitudinal claims sub-dataset from 1996 to 2011 for 1 million people randomly selected from the population covered by the Taiwan National Health Insurance program. The odds ratio of in-hospital cardiac arrest associated with the number of hospital admissions for pneumonia was calculated. Results: During the 15-year study period, the in-hospital cardiac arrest group had a higher frequency (28.4% vs 8.1%, p < 0.0001) of admission for pneumonia compared to the control group. The comorbidities of heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease, diabetes, renal failure, liver disease, lymphoma, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse were higher in the in-hospital cardiac arrest group than in the control group. In addition, the risk of in-hospital cardiac arrest was 3.37 for the patients admitted for pneumonia, and the risk of in-hospital cardiac arrest increased for patients with multiple admissions for pneumonia (once, 3.03; two times, 3.44; and three times, 4.42). In cross-analysis, the more admissions for pneumonia and the greater the number of comorbidities, the higher the risk of in-hospital cardiac arrest (odds ratio = 21.37, 95% confidence interval = 13.6–33.9 for patients with more than three admissions for pneumonia and more than three comorbidities). Conclusion: Higher admission frequency for pneumonia was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital cardiac arrest. Awareness of this risk factor may help clinicians provide early prevention or detection for patients with potential in-hospital cardiac arrest risks immediately after admission.

Responses to the Physical Activity Guidelines and Dissemination Strategies for Behavior Change in a Representative Sample of US Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Malorie Polster ◽  
Erin E. Dooley ◽  
Kate Olscamp ◽  
Katrina L. Piercy ◽  
April Oh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
National Trends

Background: Dissemination of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (Guidelines) is needed, but how individuals respond to the Guidelines is not well understood. This surveillance study describes US adults’ reported responses to and information sources for hearing about the Guidelines and explores relationships between how respondents heard about the Guidelines and their reported response(s). Methods: Data were analyzed from the population-based 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey 5 Cycle 3. Population-weighted proportions of response were calculated. Among those who had heard about the Guidelines, binary logistic regressions examined associations between the reported response(s) and the information source and number of sources reported. Results: The analytical sample included 5047 adults. Nearly 65% of US adults reported hearing about the Guidelines, and 29% reported a behavioral response (eg, increased physical activity). Hearing about the Guidelines through health professionals (adjusted odds ratio = 2.30, 95% confidence interval, 1.45–3.65) or social media (adjusted odds ratio = 1.89, 95% confidence interval, 1.20–2.96) (vs other sources) was associated with reporting increasing physical activity. Hearing from multiple sources (vs one source) was associated with reporting increasing physical activity (adjusted odds ratio = 1.97, 95% confidence interval, 1.18–3.31). Conclusion: Findings suggest dissemination of the Guidelines across multiple channels may promote greater changes in physical activity.

scholarly journals Satellite Imaging-Based Residential Greenness and Accelerometry Measured Physical Activity at Midlife—Population-Based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9202
Author(s):  
Soile Puhakka ◽  
Tiina Lankila ◽  
Riitta Pyky ◽  
Mikko Kärmeniemi ◽  
Maisa Niemelä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Positive Health

Background: Recently, the importance of light physical activity (LPA) for health has been emphasized, and residential greenness has been positively linked to the level of LPA and a variety of positive health outcomes. However, people spend less time in green environments because of urbanization and modern sedentary leisure activities. Aims: In this population-based study, we investigated the association between objectively measured residential greenness and accelerometry measured physical activity (PA), with a special interest in LPA and gender differences. Methods: The study was based on the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (5433 members). Participants filled in a postal questionnaire and underwent clinical examinations and wore a continuous measurement of PA with wrist-worn Polar Active Activity Monitor accelerometers for two weeks. The volume of PA (metabolic equivalent of task or MET) was used to describe the participant’s total daily activity (light: 2–3.49 MET; moderate: 3.5–4.99 MET; vigorous: 5–7.99 MET; very vigorous: ≥8 MET). A geographic information system (GIS) was used to assess the features of each individual’s residential environment. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used for the objective quantification of residential greenness. Multiple linear regression and a generalized additive model (GAM) were used to analyze the association between residential greenness and the amount of PA at different intensity levels. Results: Residential greenness (NDVI) was independently associated with LPA (unadjusted β = 174; CI = 140, 209) and moderate physical activity (MPA) (unadjusted β = 75; CI = 48, 101). In the adjusted model, residential greenness was positively and significantly associated with LPA (adjusted β = 70; CI = 26, 114). In men, residential greenness was positively and significantly associated with LPA (unadjusted β = 224; CI = 173, 275), MPA (unadjusted β = 75; CI = 48, 101), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (unadjusted β = 89; CI = 25, 152). In women, residential greenness was positively related to LPA (unadjusted β = 142; CI = 96, 188) and inversely associated with MPA (unadjusted β = −22; CI = −36, −8), vigorous/very vigorous physical activity (VPA/VVPA) (unadjusted β = −49; CI = −84, −14), and MVPA (unadjusted β = −71; CI = −113, −29). In the final adjusted models, residential greenness was significantly associated only with the amount of LPA in men (adjusted β = 140; CI = 75, 204). Conclusions: Residential greenness was positively associated with LPA in both genders, but the association remained significant after adjustments only in men. Residential greenness may provide a supportive environment for promoting LPA.

Total gestational weight gain and the risk of preeclampsia by pre-pregnancy body mass index categories: a population-based cohort study from 2013 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Premru-Srsen ◽  
Zorana Kocic ◽  
Vesna Fabjan Vodusek ◽  
Ksenija Geršak ◽  
Ivan Verdenik
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Gestational Weight

Abstract Background Identifying the risk factors for preeclampsia (PE) is essential for the implementation of preventive actions. In the present study, we aimed at exploring the association between total gestational weight gain (GWG) and PE. Methods We performed a population-based cohort survey of 98,820 women with singleton pregnancies who delivered in Slovenia from 2013 to 2017. Aggregated data were obtained from the National Perinatal Information System (NPIS). The main outcome measure was the incidence of PE. The main exposure variable was total GWG standardized for the gestational duration by calculating the z-scores. The associations between total GWG and PE stratified by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) categories adjusted for a variety of covariates were determined using multivariable logistic regression. We calculated the crude odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with a 95% confidence interval using a two-way test. Results Excessive GWG was associated with increased odds of PE in all pre-pregnancy BMI categories. The increase in the odds of PE by 445% was the highest in underweight women and by 122% was the lowest in obese women. Low GWG was associated with decreased odds of PE in all pre-pregnancy BMI categories except in normal-weight women with a GWG below −2 standard deviation (SD) and underweight women. The decrease in the odds of PE by 67% was the highest in obese women and by 41% was the lowest in normal-weight women. Conclusion Excessive GWG is a significant risk factor for PE, especially in underweight women, while low GWG is an important protective factor against PE, especially in obese women.

scholarly journals Leisure-time physical activity and high-risk fat: a longitudinal population-based twin study

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1211-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Leskinen ◽  
S Sipilä ◽  
M Alen ◽  
S Cheng ◽  
K H Pietiläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Population Based
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