scholarly journals Application of Optimum Compaction Energy in the Development of Bricks Made with Construction Trash Soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
T. Lopez-Lara ◽  
C. L. Gonzalez-Vega ◽  
J. B. Hernandez-Zaragoza ◽  
E. Rojas-Gonzalez ◽  
D. Carreón-Freyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Energy ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Generalized Solution ◽  
Energy Aspect ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Compaction Energy

In general, bricks frequently show different densities and therefore different resistances because the compaction energy is not considered in their production. Expansive soils represent a problem for light buildings over them because of volumetric instability. A generalized solution has been to extract them and substitute them by inert soil; thus they become construction trash. So, in this work the compaction energy aspect and the use of construction trash soils in the elaboration of resistant masonry bricks of homogeneous and controlled density are a new contribution in the production of bricks of better quality. First, the soil was stabilized with CaOH which leads to a decrease in its volumetric changes. Then, they were compacted with a specific energy for obtaining an optimal and maximum controlled density to ensure an increase in strength. Our results show that two optimal compaction energies can be considered with respect to the variation of optimum moisture in masonry bricks of expansive soil stabilized with lime. The first is when the optimal humidity reaches its smallest value (integrated soil lumps) and the second is when humidity increases (disintegrated soil lumps), after reaching its lowest value. We also conclude that high compaction energy does not improve density values.

scholarly journals Effect of Compaction Energy on Engineering Properties of Expansive Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadam Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Expansive Clays ◽  
Swell Potential ◽  
Compaction Energy ◽  
Strength And Deformation

Swelling of expansive clays is one of the great hazards, a foundation engineer encounters. Each year expansive soils cause severe damage to residences, buildings, highways, pipelines, and other civil engineering structures. Strength and deformation parameters of soils are normally related to soil type and moisture. However, surprisingly limited focus has been directed to the compaction energy applied to the soil. Study presented herein is proposed to examine the effect of varying compaction energy of the engineering properties i.e. compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength, California bearing ratio and swell percentage of soil. When compaction energy increased from 237 KJ/m3 to 1197 KJ/m3, MDD increased from 1.61 g/cm3 to 1.75 g/cm3, OMC reduced from 31.55 percent to 21.63 percent, UCS increased from 110.8 to 230.6 KPa, and CBR increased from mere 1 percent to 10.2 percent. Results indicate substantial improvement in these properties. So, compacting soil at higher compaction energy levels can provide an effective approach for stabilization of expansive soils up to a particular limit. But if the soil is compacted more than this limit, an increase in swell potential of soil is noticed due to the reduction in permeability of soil.

The Tests on the Lime-Treated Expansive Soils Compaction Characteristics

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 548-553
Author(s):  
Xin Zhong Wang ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Shu Jun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Compaction Characteristics ◽  
Lime Content ◽  
Compaction Energy ◽  
Wetting Time ◽  
Lower Height

The compaction characteristics of the lime-treated expansive soils from the planning airport in China's Ankang were studied through the heavy compaction tests. The results show that all these elements such as lime content, water content, soil height, wetting time have a certain effect on dry density. As the lime quality ratio increases, the optimum water content under heavy compacting standard of improved soils increases but the maximum dry density decreases. With the increase of lime content, the effect of water content on dry density decreases while the water content near to its optimum value. Soils with the lower height have higher dry density when compaction energy, lime content and water content unchanged. As the wetting time increases, the maximum dry density shows a decreasing tendency until after 48 h it remained stable. It indicates that with the same lime content the order of primary factors influence on dry density are water content, wetting time, soil height. Finally, the lime stabilizing principle to expansive soil is explained through by applying scanning electron microscope technique.

scholarly journals EXPANSIVE SOILS STABILIZATION WITH ADDITIONAL SAND (CASE STUDY : JATILUHUR HAMLET, GLGAH AGUNG VILLAGE, PURWOHARJO SUB-DISTRICT, BANYUWANGI DISTRICT)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ari Ridwansyah ◽  
Mokhamad Farid Ma'ruf ◽  
Paksitya Purnama Putra
Keyword(s):  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Soil Permeability ◽  
Density Values ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Plastic

Expansive soil is one of the global problems in the field of construction. In the United States, the estimated cost of damage to buildings and infrastructure due to expansive soils reaches $ 15 million per year (Far & Flint, 2016). While in the hamlet Jatiluhur, Glagahagung village, District Purwoharjo, Banyuwangi district expansive soils much damage the walls and floors of residences. Damage caused by this type of soil has high shrunken properties. In order to reduce these properties stabilization needs to be done. Stabilization in this research uses sand as the stabilizer. The addition of sand aims to reduce the ratio of clay cohesion properties, increase density values, reduce the potential for soil development and reduce soil permeability. The sand content used for stabilization is 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% and 35%. From the test results obtained the original soil has a liquid limit of 90.86%, plastic limit of 36.97% and plasticity index of 53.89%. Under the USCS classification system, the original soil belongs to the category of high plastic clay soil. From several classifications of the expansive soil development potential, the original soil is included in the ground with a high level of development. While the result of mixed soil testing is found that the greater the level of sand can reduce the properties of plasticity, moisture content, and soil development. Tanah ekspansif di desa Glagahagung, Kecamatan Purwoharjo, Kabupaten Banyuwangi banyak merusak dinding dan lantai rumah warga. Kerusakan diakibatkan karena tanah jenis ini memiliki sifat kembang susut tinggi. Guna mengurangi sifat tersebut perlu dilakukan stabilisasi. Stabilisasi dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pasir sebagai stabilitator. Penambahan pasir bertujuan untuk mengurangi rasio sifat kohesi lempung, meningkatkan nilai kepadatan, mengurangi potensi pengembangan tanah dan menurunkan permeabilitas tanah. Kadar pasir yang digunakan untuk stabilisasi sebesar 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% dan 35%. Dari hasil pengujian didapat tanah asli memiliki batas cair sebesar 90,86%, batas plastis sebesar 36,97% dan indeks plastisitas sebesar 53,89%. Berdasarkan sistem klasifikasi USCS, tanah asli termasuk dalam kategori tanah lempung plastisitas tinggi. Dari beberapa klasifikasi mengenai potensi pengembangan tanah ekspansif, tanah asli termasuk ke dalam tanah dengan tingkat pengembangan tinggi. Sedangkan hasil dari pengujian tanah campuran didapatkan bahwa semakin besar kadar pasir dapat mengurangi sifat plastisitas, kadar air, dan pengembangan tanah.

scholarly journals The California Bearing Ratio and Pore Structure Characteristics of Weakly Expansive Soil in Frozen Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7576
Author(s):  
Tianguo Li ◽  
Lingwei Kong ◽  
Bingheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Pore Size Distributions ◽  
Compaction Energy ◽  
Gradual Variation ◽  
Compaction Degree

The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of weakly expansive soil is specially relevant to its expansibility. The mechanisms affecting the bearing strength, in terms of the CBR, of weakly expansive soil that could be used as embankments filler are worth studying. In the present study, the effects of compaction energy on the compaction characteristics and CBR value were investigated. Additionally, the pore size distributions of soils with different compaction degrees were studied with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the effect of freeze–thaw cycles on the pore size distribution of soils with different compaction degrees was considered. Subsequently, the mechanisms influencing the CBR were analyzed at both the macroscale and microscale. A linear relationship between the CBR value and compaction degree was determined, characterizing the gradual variation of expansive soils with different moisture contents. With increasing freeze–thaw cycles, the volume of micropores decreased and mesopores increased, causing the CBR value to decrease. The expansion was a dominant factor for the CBR values. The CBR values rose with an increase in micropores and decreased with an increase in pore volume. It was considered that the tested weakly expansive soil could be used as an embankment filler in frozen areas.

scholarly journals The Use of Geogrids in Mitigating Pavement Defects on Roads Built over Expansive Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Shumbusho ◽  
Gurmel S. Ghataora ◽  
Michael P.N. Burrow ◽  
Digne R. Rwabuhungu
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Swelling Potential ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Potential Benefits

This study was conducted to investigate the potential benefits of using geogrids in mitigating pavement defects notably roughness and longitudinal cracking on pavements built over expansive soils. The seasonal changes of expansive soils (periodic wetting and drying) cause detrimental effects on the overlying road pavements. Such detrimental behavior of expansive soils was simulated in a controlled laboratory environment through allowing cyclic wetting and drying of an expansive soil underlying a pavement section. The shrink/swell effects of the expansive soil subgrade were examined through monitoring its change in moisture, and measuring deformation of overlying pavement section. The experimental study suggested that a geogrid layer in a reinforced pavement section can reduce surface differential shrinking and swelling deformation resulting from underlying expansive soils by a factor of 2 and 3 respectively in comparison to unreinforced section. Given that an oedometer test which is typically used to predict swelling potential of expansive soils is known to overpredict in-situ soil swell, experimental program also investigated quantitatively the extent to which the oedometer can overestimate swelling behaviour of the real-field scenarios. It was found that oedometer percent swell can overpredict in-situ swelling behaviour of the expansive soil by a factor ranging between 2 and 10 depending upon the period over which the in-situ expansive soil has been in contact with water.

scholarly journals STABILISASI TANAH EKSPANSIF MENGGUNAKAN KAPUR DAN SPENT CATALYST UNTUK TANAH DASAR PERKERASAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Arifudin Nur ◽  
Suryo Hapsoro Tri Utomo ◽  
M. Zudhy Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Petroleum Processing ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Lime Content ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Pozzolanic Material ◽  
Spent Catalysts

Abstract Expansive soils have high swelling and shrinkage potentials, which may cause damage to road structures. Therefore, stabilization is required. One method of stabilization is to use lime and spent catalysts with the aim of increasing carrying capacity and reducing swelling. Spent catalyst is a petroleum processing waste and classified as pozzolanic material. The addition of lime and spent catalysts can increase the CBR value and reduce swelling of soils. The results of this study indicate that the maximum increase in soaked CBR and unsoaked CBR values occurred in soil mixtures with optimum lime content and 12% spent catalyst with 7 days of curing. While the soil mixture with optimum lime content and 12% spent catalyst, with 7 days of curing, is the best mixture that produces soaked CBR value of 49.67%, swelling of 0.15%, and plasticity index value of 11.97%, so the soil meets the requirements to be used as pavement subgrade. Keywords: expansive soil, stabilization, road structure, subgrade, road pavement  Abstrak Tanah ekspansif memiliki potensi pengembangan dan penyusutan yang tinggi, sehingga dapat menyebabkan kerusakan struktur jalan. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan stabilisasi. Salah satu metode stabilisasi adalah menggunakan kapur dan spent catalyst dengan tujuan meningkatkan kapasitas dukung dan menurunkan swelling. Spent catalyst merupakan limbah pengolahan minyak bumi dan termasuk bahan pozzolan. Penam-bahan kapur dan spent catalyst mampu meningkatkan nilai CBR dan mereduksi swelling. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan maksimum nilai CBR soaked maupun CBR unsoaked terjadi pada campuran tanah dengan kadar kapur optimum dan 12% spent catalyst dengan peraman 7 hari. Sedangkan campuran tanah dengan kadar kapur optimum dan 12% spent catalyst, dengan peraman 7 hari, merupakan campuran terbaik yang menghasilkan nilai CBR soaked sebesar 49,67%, swelling sebesar 0,15%, dan nilai indeks plastisitas sebesar 11,97%, sehingga tanah memenuhi syarat untuk digunakan sebagai tanah dasar perkerasan jalan. Kata-kata kunci: tanah ekspansif, stabilisasi, struktur jalan, tanah dasar, perkerasan jalan

Reliability analysis of drilled piers in expansive soils

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Ferregut ◽  
Miguel Picornell
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Maximum Tensile Stress ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Tensile Stresses ◽  
Head Displacement ◽  
Soil Movements

Heavy structures in areas with expansive soils are commonly founded on piers resting beneath the surface active zone. During construction, the piers remain essentially unloaded and are exposed to potentially high tensile stresses that can split the pier unless the pier has been adequately reinforced. In this context, uncertainties arise relative to (i) the parameters governing the load transfer from the soil to the pier, (ii) the potential heave to be expected in a "free field" condition, when the soil movements are not restricted by the pier, and (iii) the estimation of the pier capacity to resist the induced stresses. Probabilistic models to handle and to quantify these uncertain parameters are constructed and then used to compute the probability of exceeding two potential limit states: (i) vertical pier head displacement and (ii) maximum tensile stress in a cross section of the pier. The displacements are used to assess the serviceability performance of the pier, and the maximum tensile stresses are used to estimate the reliability of the pier. Key words: piers, expansive soil, reliability, probability, foundations.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Dynamic Resilient Modulus of Lime-Treated Expansive Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zheng Lu ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Shaohua Xian ◽  
Hailin Yao
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Compaction Degree

Dynamic resilient modulus is the design index of highway subgrade design code in China, which is significantly affected by the traffic loads and environmental changes. In this study, dynamic triaxial tests were conducted to investigate the influence of moisture content, compaction degree, cyclic deviator stress, and confining pressure on lime-treated expansive soil. The suitability of UT-Austin model to lime-treated expansive soils was verified. The results indicate that the dynamic resilient modulus of lime-treated expansive soils increases nonlinearly with the increase of compaction degree, while decreases nonlinearly with the increase of dynamic stress level. The dynamic resilient modulus decreases linearly with the increase of moisture content and increases linearly with the increase of confining pressure. Moreover, the moisture content has a more significant effect on the dynamic resilient modulus of lime-treated expansive soil. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the stability of soil humidity state and its excellent mechanical properties under long-term cyclic loading for the course of subgrade filling and service. Finally, the calculated results of the UT-Austin model for dynamic resilient modulus show a good agreement with the test results.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of soil blended with lime and lignosulphonate

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.25) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Soundarya M.K ◽  
Bhuvaneshwari S ◽  
Prasanna Kumar.S
Keyword(s):  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Pozzolanic Reaction ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Bearing Strength ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Change Behavior ◽  
Volume Change Behavior

The deterioration of the structures which are built on the expansive soils is due to its volume change behavior, due to the presence of Mont-morillonite minerals in soil. Hence this soil requires adequate stabilization before commencement of any construction activities. The stabili-zation phenomenon in which addition suitable additives completely alters the behavior of the soil by changing the basic properties and there-by increasing the bearing strength of soil. The choice of the additives depends on the ease and permanence of the stabilizing characteristics achieved for the expansive soil. In this paper, an attempt is done to evaluate the behavior of soil when blended with additives like saw dust ash, lime and lignosulphonate at varying blending ratio. The objective of the research work is to focus on the change in the plasticity charac-teristics by utilizing the industrial waste as additive due to its cementitious value, making it eco-friendly and reduction in cost. Lignosulpho-nate is a by-product of paper pulp industry, generated during the sulphite process. From the literature, the optimum percentage for stabilizing works for lime and lignosulphonate was found to be two to eight percent and one to three percent respectively. Basic Index properties and compaction characteristics test were determined for both virgin and treated soil. The additives decreased the plasticity index, causing ag-glomeration of clay particles involving pozzolanic reaction. 

The Australian Approach to Residential Footing Design on Expansive Soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 438-439 ◽  
pp. 593-598
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
An Nan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Residential House ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Soil Movements

Expansive soils in semi-arid regions are of great concern to design and geotechnical engineers. Damage to residential buildings resulting from expansive soil movements has been widely reported in Australia. This paper describes the current practice in Australia, which includes the site classification, laboratory tests and residential footing design. A case study of a residential house damaged by expansive soils is also presented.

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