scholarly journals Treatment Efficiency by means of a Nonthermal Plasma Combined with Heterogeneous Catalysis of Odoriferous Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions from the Thermal Drying of Landfill Leachates

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Almarcha ◽  
Manuel Almarcha ◽  
Elena Jimenez-Coloma ◽  
Laura Vidal ◽  
Montserrat Puigcercós ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Nonthermal Plasma ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Odor Concentration ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Thermal Drying ◽  
Urban Solid Waste

The objective of the present work was to assess the odoriferous volatile organic compounds depuration efficiency of an experimental nonthermal plasma coupled to a catalytic system used for odor abatement of real emissions from a leachate thermal drying plant installed in an urban solid waste landfill. VOC screening was performed by means of HRGC-MS analysis of samples taken at the inlet and at the outlet of the nonthermal plasma system. Odor concentration by means of dynamic olfactometry, total organic carbon, mercaptans, NH3, and H2S were also determined in order to assess the performance of the system throughout several days. Three plasma frequencies (100, 150, and 200 Hz) and two catalyst temperatures (150°C and 50°C) were also tested. Under conditions of maximum capacity of the treatment system, the results show VOC depuration efficiencies around 69%, with average depuration efficiencies between 44 and 95% depending on the chemical family of the substance. Compounds belonging to the following families have been detected in the samples: organic acids, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, pyrazines, and reduced sulphur compounds, among others. Average total organic carbon removal efficiency was 88%, while NH3and H2S removal efficiencies were 88% and 87%, respectively, and odor concentration abatement was 78%.

Application of Nonthermal Plasma in the Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds from Wastewater

2017 ◽  
pp. 123-140
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Mohammed Evuti ◽  
Mohd Ariffin Abu Hassan ◽  
Zainura Zainon Noor ◽  
Raja Kamarulzaman Raja Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Nonthermal Plasma ◽  
Volatile Organic

Development of instrumentation for simultaneous analysis of total non-methane organic carbon and volatile organic compounds in ambient air

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Maris ◽  
Myeong Y. Chung ◽  
Richard Lueb ◽  
Udo Krischke ◽  
Richard Meller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Simultaneous Analysis ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals Effective radiative forcing from emissions of reactive gases and aerosols – a multi-model comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 853-874
Author(s):  
Gillian D. Thornhill ◽  
William J. Collins ◽  
Ryan J. Kramer ◽  
Dirk Olivié ◽  
Ragnhild B. Skeie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Tropospheric Chemistry ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Effective Radiative Forcing

Abstract. This paper quantifies the pre-industrial (1850) to present-day (2014) effective radiative forcing (ERF) of anthropogenic emissions of NOX, volatile organic compounds (VOCs; including CO), SO2, NH3, black carbon, organic carbon, and concentrations of methane, N2O and ozone-depleting halocarbons, using CMIP6 models. Concentration and emission changes of reactive species can cause multiple changes in the composition of radiatively active species: tropospheric ozone, stratospheric ozone, stratospheric water vapour, secondary inorganic and organic aerosol, and methane. Where possible we break down the ERFs from each emitted species into the contributions from the composition changes. The ERFs are calculated for each of the models that participated in the AerChemMIP experiments as part of the CMIP6 project, where the relevant model output was available. The 1850 to 2014 multi-model mean ERFs (± standard deviations) are −1.03 ± 0.37 W m−2 for SO2 emissions, −0.25 ± 0.09 W m−2 for organic carbon (OC), 0.15 ± 0.17 W m−2 for black carbon (BC) and −0.07 ± 0.01 W m−2 for NH3. For the combined aerosols (in the piClim-aer experiment) it is −1.01 ± 0.25 W m−2. The multi-model means for the reactive well-mixed greenhouse gases (including any effects on ozone and aerosol chemistry) are 0.67 ± 0.17 W m−2 for methane (CH4), 0.26 ± 0.07 W m−2 for nitrous oxide (N2O) and 0.12 ± 0.2 W m−2 for ozone-depleting halocarbons (HC). Emissions of the ozone precursors nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds and both together (O3) lead to ERFs of 0.14 ± 0.13, 0.09 ± 0.14 and 0.20 ± 0.07 W m−2 respectively. The differences in ERFs calculated for the different models reflect differences in the complexity of their aerosol and chemistry schemes, especially in the case of methane where tropospheric chemistry captures increased forcing from ozone production.

Persistence of Volatile Organic Compounds in Sludge Treated Soils

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-598
Author(s):  
M.D. Webber ◽  
J.D. Goodin ◽  
P.J.A. Fowlie ◽  
R.L. Hong-You ◽  
J. Legault
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
First Order ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract Laboratory incubation studies were conducted to assess the persistence of ten volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in seven soils treated with 3% dw of anaer-obically digested municipal sludge. The VOCs were probable municipal sludge contaminants and the soils represented wide ranges of constituents likely to sorb organic compounds, e.g., organic carbon (1.3 to 12%) and clay (7 to 50%). The VOCs were spiked into soils at 50 mg kg-1 dw of soil, except for trichloro-ethylene and chloroform which were at 2.5 mg kg-1 dw. Three general patterns of VOC losses from soils were identified: (1) complete volatilization at room temperature within 24 h, (2) complete volatilization/degradation within 144 to 288 h, and (3) incomplete volatilization/degradation within 288 h. All VOC losses were consistent with first-order kinetics and indicated a combination of a rapid initial kinetic (0 to 4 h) followed by a slower kinetic. The slower kinetic was assumed to be more relevant to field VOC losses than the rapid kinetic, and first-order half-lives were calculated using the 4- to 288-h experimental data. The half-lives ranged from 5.5 to 1,926 h with a median value of 70 h, and generally increased with increasing boiling points of the VOCs and with increasing organic carbon contents of the soils. These laboratory findings indicate that VOCs in land-applied sludge are unlikely to represent a hazard to agriculture.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a portable gas phase standard generation and calibration system for volatile organic compounds

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Veres ◽  
J. B. Gilman ◽  
J. M. Roberts ◽  
W. C. Kuster ◽  
C. Warneke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Proton Transfer ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Calibration System ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract. We report on the development of an accurate, portable, dynamic calibration system for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The Mobile Organic Carbon Calibration System (MOCCS) combines the production of gas-phase VOC standards using permeation or diffusion sources with quantitative total organic carbon (TOC) conversion on a palladium surface to CO2 in the presence of oxygen, and the subsequent CO2 measurement. MOCCS was validated using three different comparisons: (1) TOC of high accuracy methane standards compared well to expected concentrations (3% relative error), (2) a gas-phase benzene standard was generated using a permeation source and measured by TOC and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with excellent agreement (<4% relative difference), and (3) total carbon measurement of 4 known gas phase mixtures were performed and compared to a calculated carbon content to agreement within the stated uncertainties of the standards. Measurements from laboratory biomass burning experiments of formic acid by negative-ion proton-transfer chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (NI-PT-CIMS) and formaldehyde by proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), both calibrated using MOCCS, were compared to open path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR) to validate the MOCCS calibration and were found to compare well (R2 of 0.91 and 0.99, respectively).

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