scholarly journals Preferential Autoimmune Response in Prostate Cancer to Cyclin B1 in a Panel of Tumor-Associated Antigens

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Dai ◽  
Jitian Li ◽  
Rosalia Ortega ◽  
Wei Qian ◽  
Carlos A. Casiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Cyclin B1 ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Normal Prostate ◽  
Tumor Associated Antigens ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Previous studies have demonstrated that sera from patients with prostate cancer (PCa) contain autoantibodies that react with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Autoantibodies to cyclin B1 and fourteen other TAAs were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting in 464 sera from patients with PCa, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and other controls. Autoantibodies to cyclin B1 were detected in 31.0% of sera from randomly selected patients with PCa versus 4.8% in sera with BPH. In the further analysis, 31.4% of sera from PCa patients at the early stage contained anti-cyclin B1 autoantibody, and even 29.4% of patients who had normal prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in their serum samples were observed anti-cyclin B1 positive. The cumulative positive rate of autoantibodies against seven selected TAAs (cyclin B1, survivin, p53, DFS70/LEDGFp75, RalA, MDM2, and NPM1) in PCa reached 80.5%, significantly higher than that in normal control sera. In summary, autoantibody to cyclin B1 might be a potential biomarker for the immunodiagnosis of early stage PCa, especially useful in patients with normal PSA level. This study further supports the hypothesis that a customized TAA array can be used for enhancing anti-TAA autoantibody detection, and it may constitute a promising and powerful tool for immunodiagnosis of PCa.

Aspartyl (Asparaginyl) ß hydroxylase (AABH) as a serum bio-marker for prostate cancer to identify prostate cancer, regardless of PSA level.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
Mahmood Moshiri ◽  
Kiarash Moshiri ◽  
Arsha Moshiri ◽  
Hassan Monhemi ◽  
Mohammad Hadi Sekhavati
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
Detect Prostate Cancer

10 Background: Background: Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is a molecular marker of prostate cancer (PC). I most countries, standard of care suggests annual PSA testing in all men over 50 years of age; and for men at high risk, the test is recommended from 40 years of age. Due to low Specificity and low sensitivity of the PSA test, a large number of unnecessary biopsies occur every year. This low specificity can be due to the fact that PSA is found in both benign and malignant lesions of Prostate tissue. To date measurement of the percentage of free PSA, have resulted an small improvements in specificity of PSA testing. Thus, the development of a simple blood test to detect prostate cancer that exhibits higher specificity compared to PSA could have the potential of reducing biopsies performed due to false positive screening results and improve the quality of medical care. Methods: We have investigated the utility of aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (AABH) as a prostate cancer biomarker. AABH has been detected by immunohistochemical staining (IHC) in a broad range of cancers including Prostate Adenocarcinoma through out the world. AABH have been detected by IHC in more than 97% of tumor specimens tested (n > 200) while absent in normal and non cancer tissue. We have developed a sandwich ELISA test for the detection of AABH in serum samples. Preliminary results showed an accuracy of 91- 94% for detecting cancer patients from non-cancer patients in different types of Cancer. Here we have utilized this assay to detect AABH levels in the sera of patients diagnosed with Prostate cancer (biopsy proven, pre-treatment samples), compared to non-cancer individuals. Results: AABH was detected above a threshold level of 1.2 ng/mL in 91% of the sera of PC patients (n = 60), in all different stages and grades of Prostate Cancer. All non-cancer individuals (n = 30) had AABH values below the threshold. Further study of direct comparison of AABH to PSA levels (n = 4,000) is underway. Conclusions: Our data suggest that measurement of serum AABH levels may help to detect Prostate Cancer in early stage and potentially reduce the number of prostate biopsies performed due to increased high serum PSA.

Prostate Cancer: Biology, Incidence, Detection Methods, Treatment Methods, and Vaccines

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 847-854
Author(s):  
Ronald Bartzatt
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer ◽  
High Risk Prostate Cancer ◽  
Hormone Refractory

Cancer of the prostate are cancers in which most incidences are slow-growing, and in the U.S., a record of 1.2 million new cases of prostate cancer occurred in 2018. The rates of this type of cancer have been increasing in developing nations. The risk factors for prostate cancer include age, family history, and obesity. It is believed that the rate of prostate cancer is correlated with the Western diet. Various advances in methods of radiotherapy have contributed to lowering morbidity. Therapy for hormone- refractory prostate cancer is making progress, for almost all men with metastases will proceed to hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Smoking cigarettes along with the presence of prostate cancer has been shown to cause a higher risk of mortality in prostate cancer. The serious outcome of incontinence and erectile dysfunction result from the cancer treatment of surgery and radiation, particularly for prostate- specific antigen detected cancers that will not cause morbidity or mortality. Families of patients, as well as patients, are profoundly affected following the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Poor communication between spouses during prostate cancer increases the risk for poor adjustment to prostate cancer. The use of serum prostate-specific antigen to screen for prostate cancer has led to a greater detection, in its early stage, of this cancer. Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in American men, accounting for more than 29% of all diagnosed cancers and about 13% of all cancer deaths. A shortened course of hormonal therapy with docetaxel following radical prostatectomy (or radiation therapy) for high-risk prostate cancer has been shown to be both safe and feasible. Patients treated with docetaxel-estramustine had a prostate-specific antigen response decline of at least 50%. Cancer vaccines are an immune-based cancer treatment that may provide the promise of a non-toxic but efficacious therapeutic alternative for cancer patients. Further studies will elucidate improved methods of detection and treatment.

scholarly journals Role of Testosterone Levels on the Combinatorial Effect of Boswellia serrata Extract and Enzalutamide on Androgen Dependent LNCaP Cells and in Patient Derived Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 153473542199682
Author(s):  
Prathesha Pillai ◽  
Ginil Kumar Pooleri ◽  
Shantikumar V. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Cell Killing ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Lncap Cells ◽  
Boswellia Serrata ◽  
Physiological Serum

Co-therapy with herbal extracts along with current clinical drugs is being increasingly recognized as a useful complementary treatment for cancer. The anti-cancer property of the phyto-derivative acetyl-11 keto β boswellic acid (AKBA) has been studied in many cancers, including prostate cancer. However, the whole extract of the gum resin Boswellia serrata (BS) and anti-androgen enzalutamide has not been explored in prostate cancer to date. We hypothesized that the BS extract containing 30% (AKBA) with enzalutamide acted synergistically in the early phase of cancer, especially in LNCaP cells, by inhibiting androgen receptor (AR) and by reducing cell proliferation, and further, that the extract would be superior to the action of the active ingredient AKBA when used alone or in combination with enzalutamide. To test our hypothesis, we treated LNCaP cells with BS extract or AKBA and enzalutamide both individually and in combination to analyze cell viability under different levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) followed by the expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and the efflux mechanism of the cells were analyzed to determine the effect of the combination on the cellular mechanism. Cells derived from prostate cancer patients were also tested with the combination. Only 6 µM enzalutamide along with BS in the range of 4.1 µg/ml to 16.4 µg/ml gave the best synergistic results with nearly 50% cell killing even though standard enzalutamide doses were as high as 48 µM. Cell killing was most effective at intermediate DHT concentrations of approximately 1 nM, which corresponds to normal physiological serum levels of DHT. The Pgp expression level and the androgen receptor expression levels were reduced under the combination treatment; the former helping to minimize drug efflux and the latter by reducing the sensitivity to hormonal changes. Furthermore, the combination reduced the PSA level secreted by the cells. In contrast, AKBA could not achieve the needed synergism for adequate cell killing at equivalent concentrations. The combination of enzalutamide and BS extract containing 30% AKBA because of their synergistic interaction is an attractive therapeutic option for treating early stage (hormone-dependent) prostate cancer and is superior to the use of AKBA alone.

scholarly journals Prostate-Specific Antigen: From Promising to Disappointment Tool for Diagnosis of Chronic Renal Failure in Predialysis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 082-084
Author(s):  
Ali Abdul Hussein S Al-Janabi
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
A Value ◽  
Total Psa ◽  
Moderate Elevation

Abstract Introduction Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a biomarker commonly used for detection of prostate cancer. Its viability as a marker for diagnosis of chronic renal failure (CRF) in predialysis patients was investigated. Methods Sera from 230 patients with CRF were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determining total PSA (tPSA) levels before hemodialysis. Results Of the patients investigated, 98.69% had a normal PSA level with a value less than 4 ng/mL. Three elderly men with both kidney failure showed a moderate elevation of PSA level. Conclusion PSA is considered a nonsignificant indicator for diagnosis of CRF.

scholarly journals Development of Sensitive Immunoassays for Free and Total Human Glandular Kallikrein 2

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1607-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ville Väisänen ◽  
Susann Eriksson ◽  
Kaisa K Ivaska ◽  
Hans Lilja ◽  
Martti Nurmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Human Kallikrein 2 ◽  
Kallikrein 2 ◽  
Capture Antibody ◽  
Total Psa

Abstract Background: Free and total human kallikrein 2 (hK2) might improve the discrimination between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Concentrations of hK2 are 100-fold lower than concentrations of prostate-specific antigen (PSA); therefore, an hK2 assay must have a low detection limit and good specificity. Methods: PSA- and hK2-specific monoclonal antibodies were used in solid-phase, two-site immunofluorometric assays to detect free and total hK2. The total hK2 assay used PSA-specific antibodies to block nonspecific signal. The capture antibody of the free hK2 assay did not cross-react with PSA. To determine the hK2 concentrations in the male bloodstream, total hK2 was measured in a control group consisting of 426 noncharacterized serum samples. Free and total hK2 were measured in plasma from 103 patients with confirmed prostate cancer. Results: All 426 males in the control group had a total hK2 concentration above the detection limit of 0.0008 μg/L. The median total hK2 concentration was 0.022 μg/L (range, 0.0015–0.37 μg/L). hK2 concentrations were 0.1–58% of total PSA (median, 3.6%). hK2 concentrations were similar in men 41–50 and 51–60 years of age. The ratio of hK2 to PSA steadily decreased from 5–30% at PSA <1 μg/L to 1–2% at higher PSA concentrations. In 103 patients with prostate cancer, the median hK2 concentration in plasma was 0.079 μg/L (range, 0.0015–16.2 μg/L). The median free hK2 concentration was 0.070 (range, 0.005–12.2) μg/L. The proportion of free to total hK2 varied from 17% to 131% (mean, 85%). Conclusions: The wide variation in the free-to-total hK2 ratio suggests that hK2 in blood plasma is not consistently in the free, noncomplexed form in patients with prostate cancer. The new assay is sufficiently sensitive to be used to study the diagnostic accuracies of free and total hK2 for prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Diagnostic Value in Using a Panel of Multiple Tumor-Associated Antigens for Immunodiagnosis of Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Chunhua Song ◽  
Weihong Xie ◽  
Hua Ye ◽  
Kaijuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Cyclin B1 ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Multiple Tumor ◽  
Tumor Associated Antigens ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Kappa Value

To determine whether a panel of multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) would enhance antibody detection, the diagnostic value of autoantibodies to a panel of multiple TAAs in cancer has been evaluated. The TAAs used in this study was composed of eight TAAs including Imp1, p62, Koc, p53, C-myc, Cyclin B1, Survivin, and p16 full-length recombinant proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting were used to detect antibodies in 304 cancer sera and also 58 sera from normal individuals. The antibody frequency to any individual TAA in cancer was variable but rarely exceeded 20%. With the successive addition of TAAs to a final combination of total of eight antigens, there was a stepwise increase of positive antibody reactions reaching a sensitivity of 63.5% and a specificity of 86.2% in the combined cancer group. In different types of cancer, the ranges of positive and negative likelihood ratio were 4.07–4.76 and 0.39–0.51, respectively, and the ranges of positive and negative predictive values were 74.2–88.7% and 58.8–75.8%, respectively. Agreement rate and Kappa value were 67.1% and 0.51, respectively. These results further support our previous hypothesis that detection of anti-TAAs autoantibodies for diagnosis of certain type of cancer can be enhanced by using a miniarray of several TAAs.

scholarly journals Solitary Lung Metastasis of Prostate Cancer with a Long Disease-Free Interval and Normal Prostate-Specific Antigen Level

2021 ◽  
pp. 284-289
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Yoshitake ◽  
Shoji Oura ◽  
Tomoyuki Yamaguchi ◽  
Shinichiro Makimoto
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Lung Metastasis ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Primary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Wide Resection ◽  
Normal Prostate ◽  
Solid Nodule

An 83-year-old man with core needle biopsy-proven Gleason score 5 prostate cancer had received radiotherapy including 18 Gy brachytherapy to the prostate cancer, leading to no locoregional and distant recurrence for more than 5 years with the normalization of elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level before the radiotherapy. Due to the enlargement of coexisting ground glass nodule (GGN) in the left lung from 1 to 2.1 cm, the patient underwent wide resection of the GGN 7 years later. Under the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in situ of the lung, follow-up computed tomography 6 months after the wide resection showed a rapid enlargement of a solid nodule having been judged as a presumed inflammatory nodule in the middle lobe, highly suggesting a malignant neoplasm of the lung. Due to both the tall columnar atypical cells with trabecular pattern on frozen section and no elevation of serum PSA level, we judged the nodule as a primary adenocarcinoma of the lung and further resected the middle lobe with lymph node dissection. Immunostaining of the tumor showed all the CK7, CK20, TTF-1, napsin A, synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, CDX2, p53, beta-catenin, and MUC2 negative, and PSA highly positive, clearly showing the solid nodule as a solitary lung metastasis of the prostate cancer. Physicians should note the possible solitary lung metastasis of prostate cancer, especially bearing indolent biology, with no elevation of the PSA level even after the completion of standard 5-year follow-up.

scholarly journals Detecting Novel Urine Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: Platelet Derived Growth Factor-BB as a Possible New Target

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Skarmoutsos ◽  
Ioannis Skarmoutsos ◽  
Ioannis Katafigiotis ◽  
Elisavet Tataki ◽  
Athina Giagini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Transrectal Biopsy

Introduction: Although the prostate specific antigen revolutionized the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), it has its limitations. We prospectively examined the potential use of the platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) as a urine biomarker for the early diagnosis of PCa. Materials and Methods: The urine samples of 118 patients were collected after a prostatic massage and all the patients subsequently underwent ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy. PDGF-BB was detected in the urine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Patients with PCa had greater levels of prostate specific antigen and PDGF-BB. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-of of PDGF-BB for the prediction of PCa was 1,504.9 with a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 51.3%. For a 100 unit increase in PDGF-BB, the likelihood for PCa increased about 4%. Conclusion: PDGF-BB showed a significant predictive ability for PCa. Detection of PDGF-BB in urine with Elisa was easy and improved our diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of PCa.

scholarly journals Quantification of a Proteotypic Peptide from Protein C Inhibitor by Liquid Chromatography–Free SISCAPA-MALDI Mass Spectrometry: Application to Identification of Recurrence of Prostate Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1514-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Razavi ◽  
Lisa DS Johnson ◽  
Julian J Lum ◽  
Gary Kruppa ◽  
N Leigh Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Biomarker Validation ◽  
Protein C Inhibitor ◽  
Proteotypic Peptide

BACKGROUND Biomarker validation remains one of the most challenging constraints to the development of new diagnostic assays. To facilitate biomarker validation, we previously developed a chromatography-free stable isotope standards and capture by antipeptide antibodies (SISCAPA)-MALDI assay allowing rapid, high-throughput quantification of protein analytes in large sample sets. Here we applied this assay to the measurement of a surrogate proteotypic peptide from protein C inhibitor (PCI) in sera from patients with prostate cancer. METHODS A 2-plex SISCAPA-MALDI assay for quantification of proteotypic peptides from PCI and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) was used to measure these peptides in 159 trypsin-digested sera collected from 51 patients with prostate cancer. These patients had been treated with radiation with or without neoadjuvant androgen deprivation. RESULTS Patients who experienced biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer showed decreased serum concentrations of the PCI peptide analyte within 18 months of treatment. The PCI peptide concentrations remained increased in the sera of patients who did not experience cancer recurrence. Prostate-specific antigen concentrations had no predictive value during the same time period. CONCLUSIONS The high-throughput, liquid chromatography–free SISCAPA-MALDI assay is capable of rapid quantification of proteotypic PCI and sTfR peptide analytes in complex serum samples. Decreased serum concentrations of the PCI peptide were found to be related to recurrence of prostate cancer in patients treated with radiation with or without hormone therapy. However, a larger cohort of patients will be required for unequivocal validation of the PCI peptide as a biomarker for clinical use.

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