scholarly journals Digging Up the Human Genome: Current Progress in Deciphering Adverse Drug Reactions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Chi Su ◽  
Wen-Hung Chung ◽  
Shuen-Iu Hung
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Modern Genomic

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major clinical problem. In addition to their clinical impact on human health, there is an enormous cost associated with ADRs in health care and pharmaceutical industry. Increasing studies revealed that genetic variants can determine the susceptibility of individuals to ADRs. The development of modern genomic technologies has led to a tremendous advancement of improving the drug safety and efficacy and minimizing the ADRs. This review will discuss the pharmacogenomic techniques used to unveil the determinants of ADRs and summarize the current progresses concerning the identification of biomarkers for ADRs, with a focus on genetic variants for genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug-transporter proteins, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA). The knowledge gained from these cutting-edge findings will form the basis for better prediction and management for ADRs, ultimately making the medicine personalized.

scholarly journals Reducing severe cutaneous adverse and type B adverse drug reactions using pre‐stored human leukocyte antigen genotypes

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kye Hwa Lee ◽  
Dong Yoon Kang ◽  
Hyun Hwa Kim ◽  
Yi Jun Kim ◽  
Hyo Jung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Type B ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen

scholarly journals Pharmacogenomics of Antibiotics

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5975
Author(s):  
Gabriele Stocco ◽  
Marianna Lucafò ◽  
Giuliana Decorti
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Genes Encoding

Although the introduction of antibiotics in medicine has resulted in one of the most successful events and in a major breakthrough to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by infectious disease, response to these agents is not always predictable, leading to differences in their efficacy, and sometimes to the occurrence of adverse effects. Genetic variability, resulting in differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics, is often involved in the variable response, of particular importance are polymorphisms in genes encoding for drug metabolizing enzymes and membrane transporters. In addition, variations in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II genes have been associated with different immune mediated reactions induced by antibiotics. In recent years, the importance of pharmacogenetics in the personalization of therapies has been recognized in various clinical fields, although not clearly in the context of antibiotic therapy. In this review, we make an overview of antibiotic pharmacogenomics and of its potential role in optimizing drug therapy and reducing adverse reactions.

scholarly journals Pharmacogenomics Testing Confirmation of Carbamazepine Induced DRESS Reaction of an HLA-A*31:01 Positive, Polypharmacy Patient

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Leigh Speicher ◽  
Sheena Crosby ◽  
Michael J. Schuh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Human Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Medication Selection ◽  
Systemic Symptoms

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) melds well with polypharmacy as another tool to identify medication related problems (MRPs) more specifically so they may be solved most effectively. PGx can pre-emptively assist in medication selection, medication dosing or identify better medications for patients already taking a medication.  PGx can also confirm suspect medications of causing MRPs such as adverse drug reactions (ADRs) or drug interactions. In this case, PGx testing confirmed presence of a serious human leukocyte antigen (HLA) drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) after a suspect medication had been stopped.

scholarly journals Applications of Immunopharmacogenomics: Predicting, Preventing, and Understanding Immune-Mediated Adverse Drug Reactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 463-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason H. Karnes ◽  
Matthew A. Miller ◽  
Katie D. White ◽  
Katherine C. Konvinse ◽  
Rebecca K. Pavlos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Disposition ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Health Care Burden ◽  
Specific Variation

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a significant health care burden. Immune-mediated adverse drug reactions (IM-ADRs) are responsible for one-fifth of ADRs but contribute a disproportionately high amount of that burden due to their severity. Variation in human leukocyte antigen ( HLA) genes has emerged as a potential preprescription screening strategy for the prevention of previously unpredictable IM-ADRs. Immunopharmacogenomics combines the disciplines of immunogenomics and pharmacogenomics and focuses on the effects of immune-specific variation on drug disposition and IM-ADRs. In this review, we present the latest evidence for HLA associations with IM-ADRs, ongoing research into biological mechanisms of IM-ADRs, and the translation of clinical actionable biomarkers for IM-ADRs, with a focus on T cell–mediated ADRs.

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