scholarly journals Abarema cochliacarposExtract Decreases the Inflammatory Process and Skeletal Muscle Injury Induced byBothrops leucurusVenom

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeison Saturnino-Oliveira ◽  
Daiana Do Carmo Santos ◽  
Adriana Gibara Guimarães ◽  
Antônio Santos Dias ◽  
Marcelo Amorim Tomaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Local Effects ◽  
Rotarod Test ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract ◽  
Different Doses

Snakebites are a public health problem, especially in tropical countries. However, treatment with antivenom has limited effectiveness against venoms’ local effects. Here, we investigated the ability ofAbarema cochliacarposhydroethanolic extract (EAc) to protect mice against injection ofBothrops leucurusvenom. Swiss mice received perimuscular venom injection and were subsequently treated orally with EAc in different doses. Treatment with EAc 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg reduced the edema induced byB. leucurusin 1%, 13%, and 39%, respectively. Although lower doses showed no antihypernociceptive effect in the Von Frey test, the higher dose significantly reduced hyperalgesia induced by the venom. Antimyotoxic activity of EAc was also observed by microscopy assessment, with treated muscles presenting preserved structures, decreased edema, and inflammatory infiltrate as compared to untreated ones. Finally, on the rotarod test, the treated mice showed better motor function, once muscle fibers were preserved and there were less edema and pain. Treated mice could stand four times more time on the rotating rod than untreated ones. Our results have shown that EAc presented relevant activities against injection ofB. leucurusvenom in mice, suggesting that it can be considered as an adjuvant in the treatment of envenomation.

Nanoencapsulation of benznidazole in calcium carbonate increases its selectivity to Trypanosoma cruzi

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (9) ◽  
pp. 1191-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Donadello Tessarolo ◽  
Ramon Róseo Paula Pessoa Bezerra de Menezes ◽  
Clarissa Perdigão Mello ◽  
Dânya Bandeira Lima ◽  
Emanuel Paula Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Selectivity Index ◽  
Limited Effectiveness

AbstractChagas disease is a public health problem, affecting about 7 million people worldwide. Benznidazole (BZN) is the main treatment option, but it has limited effectiveness and can cause severe adverse effects. Drug delivery through nanoparticles has attracted the interest of the scientific community aiming to improve therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of benznidazole-loaded calcium carbonate nanoparticles (BZN@CaCO3) on Trypanosoma cruzi strain Y. It was observed that BZN@CaCO3 was able to reduce the viability of epimastigote, trypomastigote and amastigote forms of T. cruzi with greater potency when compared with BZN. The amount of BZN necessary to obtain the same effect was up to 25 times smaller when loaded with CaCO3 nanoparticles. Also, it was observed that BZN@CaCO3 enhanced the selectivity index. Furthermore, the cell-death mechanism induced by both BZN and BZN@CaCO3 was evaluated, indicating that both substances caused necrosis and changed mitochondrial membrane potential.

Neurophysiological mechanisms of tobacco relapse (review)

MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Neurotransmitter Receptor ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms

Morbidity and mortality associated with tobacco use re-main a major public health problem. Unfortunately, mo-dern pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation have limited effectiveness, and most smokers repeatedly stop smoking. The better understanding of the neurobiological and neu-rophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the relapse of smoking is necessary for new drugs for the nicotine ad-diction treatment. The review examined preclinical studies aimed at identifying neurotransmitter and neuromodula-tory systems that provide a relapse of nicotine consump-tion. In preclinical studies, the efficacy of regulating extra-cellular neurotransmitters or neurotransmitter receptor activity using antagonists or receptor agonists (both full and partial) has been demonstrated. In particular, it was shown that a drug that selectively binds to acetylcholine receptors containing three α4- and two β2-subunits reduc-es the search for nicotine in rats. It was shown that new pharmacological approaches to reduce the craving for ni-cotine in animal models can be used in the future to re-duce the risks of relapse of nicotine addiction in smokers.

scholarly journals Diabetes, Inflammation, Proinflammatory Cytokines, and Diabetic Nephropathy

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 908-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan F. Navarro ◽  
Carmen Mora
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Therapeutic Considerations ◽  
Relevant Factors

Diabetes and its complications have become a public health problem. Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of renal failure. In spite of our higher knowledge on this complication, the intimate mechanisms leading to the development and progression of renal injury are not yet fully known. Activated innate immunity and inflammation are relevant factors in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Moreover, inflammation, and more specifically proinflammatory cytokines and other molecules with a relevant role within the inflammatory process, may be critical factors in the development of microvascular diabetic complications, including nephropathy. This new pathogenic perspective may lead to important new therapeutic considerations and new therapeutic goals for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Kindesmisshandlung und deren Langzeitfolgen – Analyse einer repräsentativen deutschen Stichprobe

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Witt ◽  
Rebecca Brown ◽  
Paul L. Plener ◽  
Elmar Brähler ◽  
Jörg M. Fegert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nachhaltige Entwicklung

Zusammenfassung. Kindesmisshandlung stellt einen bedeutenden Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung dar. Einzelne Formen von Kindesmisshandlung treten häufig nicht isoliert auf, sondern das gemeinsame Auftreten verschiedener Formen von Kindesmisshandlung stellt eher die Regel als die Ausnahme dar. Neben den langfristigen und vielfältigen individuellen Folgen führt Kindesmisshandlung jährlich zu einer hohen gesamtgesellschaftlichen Belastung. Die WHO hat Kindesmisshandlung als großes Public Health Problem identifiziert und die Vereinten Nationen haben den Kampf gegen Kindesmisshandlung zum Ziel in ihrer Agenda für nachhaltige Entwicklung gemacht. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Häufigkeit sowie das gemeinsame Auftreten unterschiedlicher Formen von Kindesmisshandlung sowie deren Assoziation mit psychischen und somatischen Folgen auf Basis einer bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Stichprobe untersucht und dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen den Zusammenhang zwischen der Kumulation verschiedener Formen von Misshandlung und negativen Folgen für die Betroffenen. So ist das Risiko für negative Konsequenzen beim Erleben von vier oder mehr Formen von Misshandlung um das bis zu 10-fache erhöht. Viel zu selten werden die kumulativen Effekte von mehreren Belastungen berücksichtigt. Gerade weil die Wirkweisen über die Misshandlung, die Gesundheit beeinflusst, zunehmend gut untersucht sind, muss dieses Wissen im Gesundheitswesen stärker bei der Konzeption von Präventions- und Interventionsmaßnahmen berücksichtigt werden.

Substance Abuse and Drug-Related Death, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide: A Review

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mino ◽  
Arnaud Bousquet ◽  
Barbara Broers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

Socio-demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patient with Thyroid Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
AKM Farhad Hossain ◽  
Md Mahmudur Rahman Siddiqui ◽  
Sayada Fatema Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant disease in endocrine system. It is an emerging public health issue associated with burden on the family, community and the nation. The aim of this study is to determine the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patient with thyroid cancer attending in tertiary hospital. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 246 thyroid cancer patients in two tertiary hospitals of Dhaka city from 01 July 2018 to 30 June 2019. The subjects were selected purposively following specific selection criteria and maintaining ethical issues. Data were collected by face to face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire and checklist. Data were analyzed by the statistical package for the social science (SPSS) version 23. Results: This study revealed that majority (74.4%) of respondents was female, married (72%), housewife (61.4%), rural respondent (41.1%) and had primary education (69%). Mean (± SD) age of the respondent was 37.85(±12.20) years (Range 14-70 years) and mean (± SD) monthly family income was Tk. 17681(±10602). Out of 246 cases, 204 (82.9%) was papillary and 42 (17.1%) was follicular carcinoma. Various clinical presentations included visible neck swelling in 225 (91.5%), swollen lymph node in 103 (41.9%), pain 90 (36.6%), Difficulties in swallowing 87 (35.4%), Hoarseness of voice in 141 (57.3%), cough along with swelling 47(19.1%), Difficulties in breathing due to swelling in 13(5.3%) of the patients. Conclusion: Incidence of thyroid cancer has increased worldwide specially in female patients in 3rd and 4th decades of life. As thyroid cancer is a growing public health problem in Bangladesh, proper screening and early diagnostic facilities at all level should be available to measure its actual burden in the country. Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 11, No. 1: Jan 2020, P 54-58

Crucial role of physiotherapy in treating COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 967-971
Author(s):  
Poonam Thakre ◽  
Waqar M. Naqvi ◽  
Trupti Deshmukh ◽  
Nikhil Ingole ◽  
Sourabh Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Front Line ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sixth International

The emergence in China of 2019 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) previously provisionally names 2019-nCoV disease (COVID19) caused major global outbreak and is a major public health problem. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared COVID19 to be the sixth international public health emergency. This present pandemic has engrossed the globe with a high rate of mortality. As a front line practitioner, physiotherapists are expected to be getting in direct contact with patients infected with the virus. That’s why it is necessary for understanding the many aspects of their role in the identification, contains, reduces and treats the symptoms of this disease. The main presentation is the involvement of respiratory system with symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, sneezing and characteristics of pneumonia leads to ARDS(Acute respiratory distress syndrome) also land up in multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. This text describes and suggests physiotherapy management of acute COVID-19 patients. It also includes recommendations and guidelines for physiotherapy planning and management. It also covers the guidelines regarding personal care and equipment used for treatment which can be used in the treatment of acute adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19.

PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN SOCIOLOGY

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
I.E. Levchenko ◽  
◽  
A.Y. Kuznetsov ◽  
E.G. Korniltseva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
History Of
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