scholarly journals Row-Based Dual Vdd Assignment, for a Level Converter Free CSA Design and Its Near-Threshold Operation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipankar Saha ◽  
Aanan Chatterjee ◽  
Sayan Chatterjee ◽  
C. K. Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Threshold Circuit ◽  
Maximum Delay ◽  
Level Converter ◽  
Subthreshold Design ◽  
Near Threshold

Subthreshold circuit designs are very much popular for some of the ultra-low power applications, where the minimum energy consumption is the primary concern. But, due to the weak driving current, these circuits generally suffer from huge performance degradation. Therefore, in this paper, we primarily targeted analyzing the performance of a near-threshold circuit (NTC), which retains the excellent energy efficiency of the subthreshold design, while improving the performance to a certain extent. A modified row-based dual Vdd 4-operand carry save adder (CSA) design has been reported in the present work using 45 nm technology. Moreover, to find out the effectiveness of the near-threshold operation of the 4-operand CSA design, it has been compared with the other design styles. From the simulation results, obtained for the frequency of 20 MHz, we found that the proposed scheme of CSA design consumes 3.009 ×10-7 Watt of average power (Pavg), which is almost 90.9% lesser than that of the conventional CSA design, whereas, looking at the perspective of maximum delay at output, the proposed scheme of CSA design provides a fair 44.37% improvement, compared to that of the subthreshold CSA design.

Near-threshold circuit variability in 14nm FinFETs for ultra-low power applications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriram Balasubramanian ◽  
Ninad Pimparkar ◽  
Mangesh Kushare ◽  
Vinayak Mahajan ◽  
Juhi Bansal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Threshold Circuit ◽  
Near Threshold

EUCOR: An Efficient Unequal Clustering and Optimal Routing in wireless sensor networks for energy conservation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
C. Jothikumar ◽  
Revathi Venkataraman ◽  
T. Sai Raj ◽  
J. Selvin Paul Peter ◽  
T.Y.J. Nagamalleswari
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Physical Phenomenon ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Unequal Clustering ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Variable Cluster

Wireless sensor network is a wide network that works as a cutting edge model in industrial applications. The sensor application is mostly used for high security systems that provide safety support to the environment. The sensor system senses the physical phenomenon, processes the input signal and communicates with the base station through its neighbors. Energy is the most important criterion to support a live network for long hours. In the proposed system, the EUCOR (Efficient Unequal Clustering and Optimized Routing) protocol uses the objective function to identify the efficient cluster head with variable cluster size. The computation of the objective function deals with the ant colony approach for minimum energy consumption and the varying size of the cluster in each cycle is calculated based on the competition radius. The system prolongs the lifespan of the nodes by minimizing the utilization of energy in the transmission of packets in the networks when compared with the existing system.

scholarly journals Influence of Tool Geometry and Process Parameters on the Properties of Friction Stir Spot Welded Multiple (AA 5754 H111) Aluminium Sheets

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1157
Author(s):  
Danka Labus Zlatanovic ◽  
Sebastian Balos ◽  
Jean Pierre Bergmann ◽  
Stefan Rasche ◽  
Milan Pecanac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Spot Welding ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Punch Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lap Welding

Friction stir spot welding is an emerging spot-welding technology that offers opportunities for joining a wide range of materials with minimum energy consumption. To increase productivity, the present work addresses production challenges and aims to find solutions for the lap-welding of multiple ultrathin sheets with maximum productivity. Two convex tools with different edge radii were used to weld four ultrathin sheets of AA5754-H111 alloy each with 0.3 mm thickness. To understand the influence of tool geometries and process parameters, coefficient of friction (CoF), microstructure and mechanical properties obtained with the Vickers microhardness test and the small punch test were analysed. A scanning acoustic microscope was used to assess weld quality. It was found that the increase of tool radius from 15 to 22.5 mm reduced the dwell time by a factor of three. Samples welded with a specific tool were seen to have no delamination and improved mechanical properties due to longer stirring time. The rotational speed was found to be the most influential parameter in governing the weld shape, CoF, microstructure, microhardness and weld efficiency. Low rotational speeds caused a 14.4% and 12.8% improvement in joint efficiency compared to high rotational speeds for both tools used in this investigation.

scholarly journals Optimal Control of the Positional Electric Drive and Its Implementation

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Vladimir Dotsenko ◽  
Roman Prokudin ◽  
Alexander Litvinenko
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Electric Drive ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Synchronous Generators ◽  
Capacitor Discharge ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Wind Speeds

The article deals with the optimal control of the positional electric drive of the stator element of a segment-type wind turbine. The calculation options charts current in the assumption of the minimum energy consumption and the implementation of line chart current using the phenomenon of capacitor discharge. The analysis of the implementation is expressed in a jump-like change in current and a triangular graph of the speed change. This article deals with small capacity synchronous wind turbine generators with a segment type stator. These units have the possibility of intentionally changing the air gap between the rotor and stator. This allows: (1) Reduce the starting torque on the rotor shaft, which will allow the rotor to pick up at low wind speeds. (2) Equivalent to change of air gap in this case is change of excitation of synchronous generators. Thus, the purpose of the article is to consider a method of excitation of generators in a segmented design, by controlling the gap with the electric drive, while providing control should be carried out with minimal losses.

scholarly journals Towards Void Hole Alleviation by Exploiting the Energy Efficient Path and by Providing the Interference-Free Proactive Routing Protocols in IoT Enabled Underwater WSNs

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Awais ◽  
Nadeem Javaid ◽  
Amjad Rehman ◽  
Umar Qasim ◽  
Musaed Alhussein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Proactive Routing ◽  
Delay Increase

Nowadays, the Internet of Things enabled Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (IoT-UWSN) is suffering from serious performance restrictions, i.e., high End to End (E2E) delay, low energy efficiency, low data reliability, etc. The necessity of efficient, reliable, collision and interference-free communication has become a challenging task for the researchers. However, the minimum Energy Consumption (EC) and low E2E delay increase the performance of the IoT-UWSN. Therefore, in the current work, two proactive routing protocols are presented, namely: Bellman–Ford Shortest Path-based Routing (BF-SPR-Three) and Energy-efficient Path-based Void hole and Interference-free Routing (EP-VIR-Three). Then we formalized the aforementioned problems to accomplish the reliable data transmission in Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN). The main objectives of this paper include minimum EC, interference-free transmission, void hole avoidance and high Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). Furthermore, the algorithms for the proposed routing protocols are presented. Feasible regions using linear programming are also computed for optimal EC and to enhance the network lifespan. Comparative analysis is also performed with state-of-the-art proactive routing protocols. In the end, extensive simulations have been performed to authenticate the performance of the proposed routing protocols. Results and discussion disclose that the proposed routing protocols outperformed the counterparts significantly.

scholarly journals A reconfiguration strategy for modular robots using origami folding

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meibao Yao ◽  
Christoph H. Belke ◽  
Hutao Cui ◽  
Jamie Paik
Keyword(s):  
Heuristic Algorithm ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Modular Robots ◽  
Automatic Modeling ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Modular Units ◽  
Optimal Reconfiguration ◽  
Algorithmic Framework ◽  
Modeling Algorithm

Reconfigurability in versatile systems of modular robots is achieved by changing the morphology of the overall structure as well as by connecting and disconnecting modules. Recurrent connectivity changes can cause misalignment that leads to mechanical failure of the system. This paper presents a new approach to reconfiguration, inspired by the art of origami, that eliminates connectivity changes during transformation. Our method consists of an energy-optimal reconfiguration planner that generates an initial 2D assembly pattern and an actuation sequence of the modular units, both resulting in minimum energy consumption. The algorithmic framework includes two approaches, an automatic modeling algorithm as well as a heuristic algorithm. We further demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by applying the algorithms to Mori, a modular origami robot, in simulation. Our results show that the heuristic algorithm yields reconfiguration schemes with high quality, compared with the automatic modeling algorithm, simultaneously saving a considerable amount of computational time and effort.

scholarly journals Data Downlink System in the Vast IOT Node Condition Assisted by UAV, Large Intelligent Surface, and Power and Data Beacon

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5748
Author(s):  
Zhibo Zhang ◽  
Qing Chang ◽  
Na Zhao ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Tianrun Li
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Numerical Algorithms ◽  
Flight Trajectory ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Downlink System ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The future development of communication systems will create a great demand for the internet of things (IOT), where the overall control of all IOT nodes will become an important problem. Considering the essential issues of miniaturization and energy conservation, in this study, a new data downlink system is designed in which all IOT nodes harvest energy first and then receive data. To avoid the unsolvable problem of pre-locating all positions of vast IOT nodes, a device called the power and data beacon (PDB) is proposed. This acts as a relay station for energy and data. In addition, we model future scenes in which a communication system is assisted by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), large intelligent surfaces (LISs), and PDBs. In this paper, we propose and solve the problem of determining the optimal flight trajectory to reach the minimum energy consumption or minimum time consumption. Four future feasible scenes are analyzed and then the optimization problems are solved based on numerical algorithms. Simulation results show that there are significant performance improvements in energy/time with the deployment of LISs and reasonable UAV trajectory planning.

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