scholarly journals Imaging Findings of Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: A Critical Review of the Quantitative Studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Ferreira Leite ◽  
Fernanda dos Santos Ogata ◽  
Nilce Santos de Melo ◽  
Paulo Tadeu de Souza Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Plain Film ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Plain Films

Objectives. This paper offers a critical review of published information on the imaging strategies used for diagnosing bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) in patients taking intravenous bisphosphonates, pointing at the different methodologies and results of existing literature.Methods. Electronic literature search was performed in order to identify as many quantitative studies that discussed the imaging findings of BRONJ up to February 2014. Initially, the search for articles was based on the following four types of imaging modalities for evaluating BRONJ: computed tomography, plain film radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear bone scanning.Results. Eleven out of the 79 initially selected articles met the inclusion criteria. Most of the selected articles were cross-sectional studies. Regarding the selected studies, 54.5% have used plain films radiographs and 54.5% were based on computed tomography findings. All of the selected studies showed a small number of patients and none of the selected studies have tested the accuracy of the imaging examination for evaluating BRONJ.Conclusions. This critical review showed a scarcity of quantitative studies that analyzed the typical imaging findings related to BRONJ. Further studies are necessary in order to analyze the role of different imaging techniques in the assessment of BRONJ.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional anatomy, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the banded houndshark (Triakis scyllium)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Wha Kim ◽  
Adams Hei Long Yuen ◽  
Cherry Tsz Ching Poon ◽  
Joon Oh Hwang ◽  
Chang Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Evolutionary Developmental Biology ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractDue to their important phylogenetic position among extant vertebrates, sharks are an invaluable group in evolutionary developmental biology studies. A thorough understanding of shark anatomy is essential to facilitate these studies and documentation of this iconic taxon. With the increasing availability of cross-sectional imaging techniques, the complicated anatomy of both cartilaginous and soft tissues can be analyzed non-invasively, quickly, and accurately. The aim of this study is to provide a detailed anatomical description of the normal banded houndshark (Triakis scyllium) using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) along with cryosection images. Three banded houndsharks were scanned using a 64-detector row spiral CT scanner and a 3 T MRI scanner. All images were digitally stored and assessed using open-source Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine viewer software in the transverse, sagittal, and dorsal dimensions. The banded houndshark cadavers were then cryosectioned at approximately 1-cm intervals. Corresponding transverse cryosection images were chosen to identify the best anatomical correlations for transverse CT and MRI images. The resulting images provided excellent detail of the major anatomical structures of the banded houndshark. The illustrations in the present study could be considered as a useful reference for interpretation of normal and pathological imaging studies of sharks.

scholarly journals Incidental Detection of Adrenal Myelolipoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Nabi ◽  
Danish Rafiq ◽  
Fatema N. Authoy ◽  
Ghulam Nabi Sofi
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Adrenal Myelolipoma ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cect Scan ◽  
The Right ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Upper Abdomen

Introduction. Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare tumor that is benign in nature, usually asymptomatic, unilateral, and nonsecreting. It is composed of variable mixture of mature adipose tissue and hematopoietic elements and develops within the adrenal gland. With the widespread use of cross-sectional imaging modalities such as ultrasonography and computed tomography, the incidental detection of these tumors is increasing in frequency.Case Presentation. We report a case of adrenal myelolipoma in a 63-year-old Kashmiri male, who presented with pain in the right upper abdomen. Physical examination was unremarkable. Ultrasound abdomen showed the presence of a hyperechoic mass in the right suprarenal region with undefined margins. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan of abdomen revealed a well-defined, round lesion in the right suprarenal region with heterogeneous attenuation suggesting the possibility of myelolipoma. The patient was subjected to right adrenalectomy and his postoperative course was uneventful. The histopathological evaluation of the mass confirmed the initial diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma.Conclusion. Although mostly discovered as an “incidentaloma”, the diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma warrants thorough diagnostic study. Imaging techniques such as ultrasonography and CT scans as well as biochemical studies are useful for indicating the best treatment taking into account the size of the mass and possible hormone production. Surgical resection is advocated through extraperitoneal approach as it minimizes postoperative complications and leads to quicker recovery.

scholarly journals Comparison of cross-sectional imaging techniques for the detection of prostate cancer lymph node metastasis: a critical review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1415-1427
Author(s):  
Amir H. Lebastchi ◽  
Nikhil Gupta ◽  
John M. DiBianco ◽  
Morand Piert ◽  
Matthew S. Davenport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

scholarly journals Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Lung in patients of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Ahmad Umar Khan ◽  
Sachin Khanduri ◽  
Zikra Tarin ◽  
Syed Zain Abbas ◽  
Mushahid Husain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Dual Energy Ct ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb

Objectives: The objective of this study was to characterize findings of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and dual-energy CT (DECT) (80 keV, 140 keV, and mixed) in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients and to compare and correlate HRCT and DECT findings. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 67 patients of 18–65 years of age who were suspected cases of pulmonary TB with signs and symptoms of cough, fever, hemoptysis, sputum, night sweats, and weight loss with positive sputum AFB examinations/bronchoalveolar lavage. All the patients subjected to HRCT scan and followed with DECT scan. Comparison of various imaging techniques (DECT 80 keV, DECT 140 keV, and DECT mixed) with HRCT was done for detecting lung findings and data so obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: On comparing the various imaging techniques with HRCT for detecting consolidation, tree in bud pattern, cavitary lesions, ground-glass opacity, bronchiectasis, atelectasis, nodules, granuloma, peribronchial thickening, and fibrosis, the maximum agreement of HRCT was found with DECT 80 keV and minimum agreement was found with DECT 140 keV. Conclusion: The study concluded that DECT 80 keV monochromatic reconstructions among 80 keV, mixed, and 140 keV monochromatic reconstructions in lung parenchyma window settings are a faster and better analytical tool for the assessment of findings of pulmonary TB when compared with HRCT.

scholarly journals Patterns of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Computed Tomography at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferehiwot Getaneh ◽  
Asfaw Atnafu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vascular Invasion ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital ◽  
Number Of Patients

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular cancer is the commonest liver cancer which contributes to a high incidence of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Despite the anticipated high burden of the disease in the country, there is paucity of data on the associated risk factors and its pattern on imaging. The aim of this study was to assess Computed Tomography patterns and the risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma.METHODS: A cross-sectional, prospective study on patients with a diagnosis of HCC on Computed Tomography examination, at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from July, 2016 to July, 2017. All patients who had characteristic Computed Tomography features and those who were diagnosed by Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)/biopsy and had Computed Tomography examination were included in the study. Risk factors identified were reviewed from patients’ medical records.RESULT: A total of 70(n=70) patients were included in the study. The mean age was 50 ± 16 years. Fifty-seven (81.4%) of the participants were males, and 13(18.6%) were females. Forty-five (64.3%) of them came from urban areas and 25(35.7%) of them were from rural areas. The lesions were focal in 52(74.3%) and infiltrative in 18(25.7%) of the cases. Vascular invasion and distant metastases were seen in 49(70%) and 17(24.3%) respectively. Twenty-nine (41%) had negative hepatitis markers, and 13(19%) were not investigated for hepatitis infection.CONCLUSION: The majority of the patients presented with advanced disease such as vascular invasion and metastases. The major risk factors such as hepatitis infection were negative in significant number of patients. The risk factors in our setting should be studied further. Moreover, high-risk group selection and screening is essential to diagnose HCC early.

Imaging in carpal instability

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Ramamurthy ◽  
A. J. Chojnowski ◽  
A. P. Toms
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Dynamic Instability ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Mr Arthrography ◽  
Plain Film ◽  
Carpal Instability ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plain Film Radiography

Carpal instability is a complex and heterogeneous clinical condition. Management requires accurate identification of structural injury with an understanding of the resultant movement (kinematic) and load transfer (kinetic) failure. Static imaging techniques, such as plain film radiography, stress views, ultrasound, magnetic resonance, MR arthrography and computerized tomography arthrography, may accurately depict major wrist ligamentous injury. Dynamic ultrasound and videofluoroscopy may demonstrate dynamic instability and kinematic dysfunction. There is a growing evidence base for the diagnostic accuracy of these techniques in detecting intrinsic ligament tears, but there are limitations. Evidence of their efficacy and relevance in detection of non-dissociative carpal instability and extrinsic ligament tears is weak. Further research into the accuracy of existing imaging modalities is still required. Novel techniques, including four-dimensional computerized tomography and magnetic resonance, can evaluate both cross-sectional and functional carpal anatomy. This is a narrative review of level-III studies evaluating the role of imaging in carpal instability.

Imaging of Malignant and Benign Tumors of the Pancreas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ersan Altun ◽  
Richard C Semelka
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Pancreatic Neoplasms ◽  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm ◽  
Cystic Neoplasm ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Cystic Neoplasms ◽  
Cross Sectional

Pancreatic cross-sectional imaging has been widely used to diagnose and stage pancreatic neoplasms. The most commonly used techniques include multidetector CT, MRI, and endoscopic ultrasonography. Hybrid imaging including positron emission tomography combined with CT has a limited role. Dedicated imaging applications of these modalities for the evaluation of pancreatic neoplasms and their accuracies for different neoplasms are summarized in this review. Critical and differential imaging findings of the most common neoplasms of the pancreas, including adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine tumors, cystic neoplasms, lymphoma, and metastases, emphasizing the most accurate imaging techniques are also discussed. Additionally, the most common mimics of the pancreatic neoplasms and their imaging findings are reviewed. This review contains 32 references, 13 figures, and 5 tables. Key words: adenocarcinoma, CT, EUS, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, mucinous cystic neoplasm, MRI, neuroendocrine tumors, PET-CT, serous cystadenoma

scholarly journals Imaging of Multiple Myeloma

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (09) ◽  
pp. 805-816
Author(s):  
Aleksander Kosmala ◽  
Thorsten Bley ◽  
Bernhard Petritsch
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Therapy Monitoring ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Therapeutic Implications

Background Multiple myeloma is a malignant hematological disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells mainly in the bone marrow. Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis and follow-up. Method This literature review provides information about multiple myeloma, its precursor diseases, and available imaging techniques. Advantages and limitations as well as possible prognostic and therapeutic implications of the different imaging methods are presented in the context of the current literature. Results and Conclusion Cross-sectional imaging has replaced conventional X-ray skeletal survey. Widely available whole-body computed tomography is routinely used to detect osteolytic lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most sensitive technique to identify bone marrow infiltration and is recommended in multiple myeloma precursor diseases. Positron emission computed tomography combines morphological and functional imaging. It is mainly used for follow-up, therapy monitoring, and response evaluation. Key points:  Citation Format

Painful os cuboideum secundarium. Cross-sectional imaging findings

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Logan ◽  
DG Connell ◽  
DL Janzen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Foot Pain ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Imaging Appearance ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

The authors presented the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging appearances of a painful os cuboideum secundarium. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the cross-sectional imaging appearance of this condition, and serves to underline the utility of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the investigation of foot pain.

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