scholarly journals Estimating the Effectiveness of Health-Risk Communications with Propensity-Score Matching: Application to Arsenic Groundwater Contamination in Four US Locations

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Leidner
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Arsenic Contamination ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Level Indicator ◽  
Propensity Score Model

This paper provides a demonstration of propensity-score matching estimation methods to evaluate the effectiveness of health-risk communication efforts. This study develops a two-stage regression model to investigate household and respondent characteristics as they contribute to aversion behavior to reduce exposure to arsenic-contaminated groundwater. The aversion activity under study is a household-level point-of-use filtration device. Since the acquisition of arsenic contamination information and the engagement in an aversion activity may be codetermined, a two-stage propensity-score model is developed. In the first stage, the propensity for households to acquire arsenic contamination information is estimated. Then, the propensity scores are used to weight observations in a probit regression on the decision to avert the arsenic-related health risk. Of four potential sources of information, utility, media, friend, or others, information received from a friend appears to be the source of information most associated with aversion behavior. Other statistically significant covariates in the household’s decision to avert contamination include reported household income, the presence of children in household, and region-level indicator variables. These findings are primarily illustrative and demonstrate the usefulness of propensity-score methods to estimate health-risk communication effectiveness. They may also be suggestive of areas for future research.

scholarly journals Cold snare polypectomy reduced delayed postpolypectomy bleeding compared with conventional hot polypectomy: a propensity score-matching analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (07) ◽  
pp. E587-E594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Yamashina ◽  
Manabu Fukuhara ◽  
Takanori Maruo ◽  
Gensho Tanke ◽  
Saiko Marui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
Propensity Score Model ◽  
Propensity Score Matching Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cold Snare Polypectomy ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Snare Polypectomy

Abstract Background and study aims Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) for small colorectal polyps has lower incidence of adverse events, especially delayed postpolypectomy bleeding (DPPB). However, few data are available on comparisons of the incidence of DPPB of CSP and hot polypectomy (HP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of DPPB after CSP and compare it with that of HP. A propensity score model was used as a secondary analysis. Patients and methods This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a single municipal hospital. We identified 539 patients with colorectal polyps from 2 mm to 11 mm in size who underwent CSP (804 polyps in 330 patients) or HP (530 polyps in 209 patients) between July 2013 and June 2015. Results There were no cases of DPPB in the CSP group. Conversely, DPPB occurred in 4 patients (1.9 %) after HP, resulting in a significant difference between the CSP and HP groups (0.008 % vs 0 %, P = 0.02). Propensity score-matching analysis created 402 matched pairs, yielding a significantly higher DPPB rate in the HP group than CSP group (0.02 % vs 0 %, P = 0.04). However, significantly more patients in the CSP group had unclear horizontal margins that precluded assessment (83 vs 38 cases, P < 0.001). The retrieval failure rate was significantly higher in the CSP group than in the HP group (3 % vs 0.7 %, P = 0.01). Conclusions DPPB was less frequent with CSP than HP, as selected by the propensity score-matching model. Our findings indicate that CSP is recommended polypectomy in daily clinical setting. However, special care should be taken during polyp retrieval and horizontal margin assessment, and these issues could be taken into account in follow-up after CSP.

Long-Term Outcome After Conventional Two-Stage Hepatectomy Versus Tourniquet-ALPPS in Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 2281-2289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Robles-Campos ◽  
Roberto Brusadin ◽  
Asunción López-Conesa ◽  
Víctor López-López ◽  
Álvaro Navarro-Barrios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Colorectal Liver Metastases ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Propensity Score Matching Analysis

scholarly journals Retirement? Other Ways Out of the Labour Market Are Far More Worrying for Health: Results from a Matching Approach Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432110396
Author(s):  
Elena Pirani ◽  
Gustavo De Santis ◽  
Francesca Zanasi
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Individual Heterogeneity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Growing Body

Objective Despite a growing body of research, the effects of retirement on health are not clear. The study explores the role played by the path out of the labour market (formal retirement vs. unemployment or family reasons), accounting for individual heterogeneity. Methods: Propensity score matching approach is employed on longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2004–2015). Results: While health does not change significantly for those who formally retire, it worsens considerably for those who leave the labour market for other reasons. Moreover, health outcomes turn out to be highly heterogeneous, depending on individual socio-economic and job-related characteristics. Discussion: Leaving the labour market in one’s mature years is a complex transition. Future research should focus on understanding and combating the causes of premature exit from the labour market, a relevant concern both in economic terms and on health grounds, in the light of our results.

Corporations May Hire More People With Disabilities Through Public Employment Support Services: Propensity Score Matching Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Won Ho Kim ◽  
JeeEun Karin Nam
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Support Services ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Employment Agency ◽  
Propensity Score Matching Analysis ◽  
Employment Support

This study investigated the effectiveness of employment support services provided to organizations in the context of the quota policies for hiring people with disabilities (PWD). Empirical analyses using the propensity score matching method were conducted on a representative sample of organizations in South Korea that had utilized the PWD employment support services offered by the Korea Employment Agency for the Disabled. In short, the employment support services provided to organizations appeared to be effective in enhancing employment of PWD. Specifically, the organizations that received the PWD employment support services (a) had a higher probability of hiring persons with disabilities, (b) fulfilled the mandated quota for PWD better, and (c) hired more individuals with severe disabilities compared with the organizations that did not receive such services. Implications and limitations of this study and directions for future research are discussed.

Isolating the effect of eviction on criminal convictions

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Alm
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Criminal Offending ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Criminal Convictions ◽  
Different Types

On an individual level, criminal offending is linked to resource deficiencies. Since evictions tend to affect society’s weakest groups, we would expect evicted individuals to be convicted of crime to a higher degree than others even before eviction. But is there also a direct effect of eviction on criminal convictions? The aim of this study was to isolate the effect of eviction on criminal convictions. Propensity score matching was used and the analyses included all individuals evicted in Sweden from 2009 to 2010 ( n = 5050), and a 10% sample of the adult population ( n = 770,000). After matching based on relevant background factors, the analyses showed a significant increase in criminal convictions from the year of eviction until the end of the period studied, two to three years later. The pattern was similar for men and women. Future research should investigate eviction in relation to different types of crime.

Propensity Score Matching in Accounting Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Shipman ◽  
Quinn T. Swanquist ◽  
Robert L. Whited
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Sample Composition ◽  
Average Treatment Effects ◽  
Important Design

ABSTRACT Propensity score matching (PSM) has become a popular technique for estimating average treatment effects (ATEs) in accounting research. In this study, we discuss the usefulness and limitations of PSM relative to more traditional multiple regression (MR) analysis. We discuss several PSM design choices and review the use of PSM in 86 articles in leading accounting journals from 2008–2014. We document a significant increase in the use of PSM from zero studies in 2008 to 26 studies in 2014. However, studies often oversell the capabilities of PSM, fail to disclose important design choices, and/or implement PSM in a theoretically inconsistent manner. We then empirically illustrate complications associated with PSM in three accounting research settings. We first demonstrate that when the treatment is not binary, PSM tends to confine analyses to a subsample of observations where the effect size is likely to be smallest. We also show that seemingly innocuous design choices greatly influence sample composition and estimates of the ATE. We conclude with suggestions for future research considering the use of matching methods. Data Availability: All data used are available from sources cited in the text.

scholarly journals Association between industry payments and prescriptions of long-acting insulin: An observational study with propensity score matching

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. e1003645
Author(s):  
Kosuke Inoue ◽  
Yusuke Tsugawa ◽  
Carol M. Mangione ◽  
O. Kenrik Duru
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Part D ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Acting Insulin ◽  
Long Acting

Background The rapidly increased spending on insulin is a major public health issue in the United States. Industry marketing might be one of the upstream determinants of physicians’ prescription of long-acting insulin—the most commonly used and costly type of insulin, but the evidence is lacking. We therefore aimed to investigate the association between industry payments to physicians and subsequent prescriptions of long-acting insulin. Methods and findings Using the databases of Open Payments and Medicare Part D, we examined the association between the receipt of industry payments for long-acting insulin in 2016 and (1) the number of claims; (2) the costs paid for all claims; and (3) the costs per claim of long-acting insulin in 2017. We also examined the association between the receipt of payments and the change in these outcomes from 2016 to 2017. We employed propensity score matching to adjust for the physician-level characteristics (sex, years in practice, specialty, and medical school attended). Among 145,587 eligible physicians treating Medicare beneficiaries, 51,851 physicians received industry payments for long-acting insulin worth $22.3 million. In the propensity score–matched analysis including 102,590 physicians, we found that physicians who received the payments prescribed a higher number of claims (adjusted difference, 57.8; 95% CI, 55.8 to 59.7), higher costs for total claims (adjusted difference, +$22,111; 95% CI, $21,387 to $22,836), and higher costs per claim (adjusted difference, +$71.1; 95% CI, $69.0 to $73.2) of long-acting insulin, compared with physicians who did not receive the payments. The association was also found for changes in these outcomes from 2016 to 2017. Limitations to our study include limited generalizability, confounding, and possible reverse causation. Conclusions Industry marketing payments to physicians for long-acting insulin were associated with the physicians’ prescriptions and costs of long-acting insulin in the subsequent year. Future research is needed to assess whether policy interventions on physician–industry financial relationships will help to ensure appropriate prescriptions and limit overall costs of this essential drug for diabetes care.

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