scholarly journals Simple Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic and Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride and Carvedilol in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afaf A. Abdelmonem ◽  
Gamal H. Ragab ◽  
Hisham Hashem ◽  
Eman A. Bahgat
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Fast Green ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Orange G

This study represents simple atomic absorption spectroscopic and spectrophotometric methods for determination of pioglitazone hydrochloride (PGZ-HCl) and carvedilol (CRV) based on formation of ion-pair associates between drugs and inorganic complex, bismuth(III) tetraiodide (Method A) and between drugs and organic acidic dyes, fast green and orange G (Method B). Method A is based on formation of ion-pair associate between drugs and bismuth(III) tetraiodide in acidic medium to form orange-red ion-pair associates, which can be quantitatively determined by two different procedures. The formed ion-pair associate is extracted by methylene chloride, dissolved in acetone, dried, and then decomposed by hydrochloric acid, and bismuth content is determined by direct atomic absorption spectrometric technique (Procedure 1) or extracted by methylene chloride, dissolved in acetone, and quantified spectrophotometrically at 490 nm (Procedure 2). Method B is based on formation of ion-pair associate between drugs and either fast green dye or orange G dye in acidic medium to form ion-pair associates. The formed ion-pair associate is extracted by methylene chloride and quantified spectrophotometrically at 630 nm (for fast green dye method) or 498 nm (for orange G dye method). Optimal experimental conditions have been studied. Both methods are applied for determination of the drugs in tablets without interference.

scholarly journals Validated Extractive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Domperidone in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Jasmin Shah ◽  
M Rasul Jan ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Shah
Keyword(s):  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
New Methods

Simple, precise and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of domperidone in pharmaceutical formulations. The new methods involve the formation of colored extractable ion pair complexes of the drug with bromothymol blue (BTB) and bromophenol blue (BPB) in acidic medium. The effects of various parameters like pH, reagent concentration and shaking time were studied. The extracted complexes of domperidone showed maximum absorbance at 410 nm with BTB and at 415 nm with BPB dye. The stiochiometry of the reaction between domperidone, BTB and BPB was found to be 1: 4. Domperidone was found to obey Beer’s law in the concentration ranges of 0.6-35 ?g/ml, 1-30 ?g/ml with BTB and BPB, respectively. The method has been applied successfully for the determination of domperidone in commercial tablets and suspension samples. The results obtained by the proposed methods were validated statistically and compared with the official HPLC method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i1.22310 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17(1): 25-31, 2014

scholarly journals Optimized and Validated Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Enalapril Maleate in Commercial Dosage Forms

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. ACI.S643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafisur Rahman ◽  
Sk Manirul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Complexation Reaction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Chloranilic Acid ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Enalapril Maleate ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods

Four simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric methods have been proposed for the determination of enalapril maleate in pharmaceutical formulations. The first method is based on the reaction of carboxylic acid group of enalapril maleate with a mixture of potassium iodate (KIO3) and iodide (KI) to form yellow colored product in aqueous medium at 25 ± 1°C. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance at 352 nm. The second, third and fourth methods are based on the charge transfer complexation reaction of the drug with p-chloranilic acid (pCA) in 1, 4-dioxan-methanol medium, 2, 3-dichloro 5, 6-dicyano 1, 4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in acetonitrile-1,4 dioxane medium and iodine in acetonitrile-dichloromethane medium. Under optimized experimental conditions, Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration ranges of 2.5-50, 20-560, 5-75 and 10-200 µg mL-1, respectively. All the methods have been applied to the determination of enalapril maleate in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Results of analysis are validated statistically.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF NEW SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR ESTIMATION OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG ASENAPINE MALEATE IN PURE AND DOSAGE FORMS

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
RAGAA EL-SHEIKH ◽  
AHLAM E. ABD ELLATEIF ◽  
ESRAA AKMAL ◽  
AYMAN A. GOUDA
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Bromocresol Purple ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Three sensitive, simple, precise, reproducible, and validated spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of anti-psychotic drug (asenapine maleate) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Methods: The methods are based on the formation of yellow-colored ion-pair complex between asenapine maleate and three acid dyes, namely, bromocresol purple (BCP), bromophenol blue (BPB) and bromothymol blue (BTB) with absorption maxima at 410, 414 and 416 nm, respectively. Several parameters such as pH, buffer type and volume, reagent volume, the sequence of addition and effect of extracting solvent were optimized. Results: Under the optimum experimental conditions, beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration ranges of 1.0–20, 1.0–14, and 1.0-16 μg/ml for BCP, BPB and BTB, respectively, with good correlation coefficients (0.9994-0.9998). The apparent molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity values are reported for all methods. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) values are found to be 0.27, 0.30, and 0.25 μg/ml and 0.90, 1.0, and 0.83 μg/ml for BCP, BPB and BTB, respectively. The stoichiometric ratio of the formed ion-pair complexes was found to be 1:1 (drug: reagent) for all methods, as deduced by Job's method of continuous variation. Conclusion: The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of asenapine maleate in pharmaceutical formulations with good accuracy and precision. Statistical comparison of the results was performed using Student's t-test and variance ratio F-test at the 95% confidence level and there was no significant difference between the reported and proposed methods regarding accuracy and precision. Further, the validity of the proposed methods was confirmed by recovery studies via standard addition technique in accordance with ICH guidelines.

scholarly journals Sensitive and Selective Spectrophotometric Determination of Gabapentin in Capsules Using Two Nitrophenols as Chromogenic Agents

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer A. M. Abdulrahman ◽  
Kanakapura Basavaiah
Keyword(s):  
Picric Acid ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Lewis Base ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Significant Difference

Two simple and selective spectrophotometric methods have been proposed for the determination of gabapentin (GBP) in pure form and in capsules. Both methods are based on the proton transfer from the Lewis acid such as 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid; PA) or 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) to the primary amino group of GBP which works as Lewis base and formation of yellow ion-pair complexes. The ion-pair complexes formed show absorption maximum at 415 and 420 nm for PA and 2,4-DNP, respectively. Under the optimized experimental conditions, Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration ranges of 1.25–15.0 and 2.0–18.0 μg mL−1GBP for PA and 2,4-DNP methods, respectively. The molar absorptivity, Sandell's sensitivity, detection and, quantification limits for both methods are also reported. The proposed methods were applied successfully to the determination of GBP in pure form and commercial capsules. Statistical comparison of the results was performed using Student'st-test and F-ratio at 95% confidence level, and there was no significant difference between the reference and proposed methods with regard to accuracy and precision. Further, the validity of the proposed methods was confirmed by recovery studies via standard addition technique.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric, atomic absorption and conductometric analysis of tramadol hydrochloride

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Anis ◽  
Mervat Hosny ◽  
Hisham Abdellatef ◽  
Mohamed El-Balkiny
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Ternary Complex ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Absorption Method ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tramadol Hydrochloride

Six simple and sensitive spectroscopic and conductometric procedures (A-F) were developed for the determination of tramadol hydrochloride. Method A,B and C are based on the reaction of cobalt (II) thiocyanate with tramadol to form stable ternary complex, which could be measured by spectrophotometric (method A), atomic absorption (method B) or conductometric (method C) procedures. Method (D and E) depended on the reaction of molybdenum thiocyanate with tramadol to form stable ternary complex, measured by spectrophotometric means (method D), or by atomic absorption procedures (method E), while method F depends on the formation of an ion pair complex between the studied drug and bromothymol blue which is extractable into methylene chloride, Tramadol hydrochloride could be assayed in the range of 80-560 ?g ml-1, 40-220 ?g ml-1, 1-15 mg, 2.5-22.5 ?g ml-1, 1.25-11.25 ?g ml-1 and 5-22 ?g ml-1 using methods A,B,C,D,E and F respectively. Various experimental conditions were studied. The results obtained showed good recoveries. The proposed procedures were applied successfully to the analysis of tramadol in its pharmaceutical preparations and the results were favorably comparable with the official method.

scholarly journals Generic Nonextractive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of 4-Quino-Naphthollone Antibiotics by Formation of Ion-Pair Complexes with -Naphthol

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A Darwish ◽  
Ibrahim H Refaat ◽  
Hassan F Askal ◽  
Mostafa A Marzouq
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Medium ◽  
Quinolone Antibiotics ◽  
Relative Standard

Abstract This paper describes the development of a generic spontaneous nonextractive spectrophotometric method for determination of 13 pharmaceutically important 4-quinolone antibiotics. The method was based on the formation of yellow-colored water-soluble ion-pair complexes between 2% (w/v) -naphthol reagent and each of the studied drugs in sulfuric acid medium at room temperature. The formed ion-pair chromogens have maximum absorption peaks in the range of 365391 nm. The concentrations of the reagents and the experimental conditions affecting the reaction were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, linear relationships with good linear coefficients (0.99870.9995) were found between the absorbance and concentration of the investigated drugs in the range of 10350 g/mL. The assay limits of detection and quantitation were 19.9 and 3.432.9 g/mL, respectively. The precision of the method was satisfactory; the values of relative standard deviations did not exceed 2%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the investigated drugs in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms with good accuracy and precision; the percentages of label claim ranged from 97.8102.8 0.351.60%. The results obtained by the proposed spectrophotometric method were comparable with those obtained by the official or reported methods. The proposed method is superior to all the previously reported ion-pair formation-based methods in terms of simplicity because it did not involve extraction procedures for the ion-pair complex. Therefore, this method might be recommended for routine use in quality control laboratories for analysis of the investigated 4-quinolone antibiotics in their pure forms, as well as in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Gemifloxacin Mesylate in Pharmaceutical Formulations Through Ion-Pair Complex Formation

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marothu Vamsi Krishna ◽  
Dannana Gowri Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Safranin O

Four simple and sensitive ion-pairing spectrophotometric methods have been described for the assay of gemifloxacin mesylate (GFX) either in pure form or in pharmaceutical formulations. The developed methods involve formation of colored chloroform extractable ion-pair complexes of the drug with safranin O (SFN O) and methylene blue (MB) in basic medium; Napthol blue 12BR (NB 12BR) and azocaramine G (AG) in acidic medium. The extracted complexes showed absorbance maxima at 525, 650, 620 and 540 nm for SFN O, MB, NB 12BR and AG, respectively.Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration ranges 3-15, 4-20, 2-10 and 2-10 μg/mL with molar absorptivity of 2.81 × 104, 2.20 x 104, 4.02 × 104and 4.15 × 104L mole−1cm−1and relative standard deviation of 0.077, 0.104, 0.080 and 0.103% for SFN O, MB, NB 12BR and AG, respectively. These methods have been successfully applied for the assay of drug in pharmaceutical formulations. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical adjuvants. Results of analysis were validated statistically and through recovery studies.

scholarly journals Determination of cobalt in water samples by atomic absorption spectrometry after pre-concentration with a simple ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction methodology

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Abdolmohammad-Zadeh ◽  
Elnaz Ebrahimzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Relative Standard

AbstractA rapid dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) methodology based on the application of 1-hexylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate [C6py][PF6] ionic liquid (IL) as an extractant solvent was applied for the pre-concentration of trace levels of cobalt prior to determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (PMBP) was employed as a chelator forming a Co-PMBP complex to extract cobalt ions from aqueous solution into the fine droplets of [C6py][PF6]. Some effective factors that influence the micro-extraction efficiency include the pH, the PMBP concentration, the amount of ionic liquid, the ionic strength, the temperature and the centrifugation time which were investigated and optimized. In the optimum experimental conditions, the limit of detection (3s) and the enrichment factor were 0.70 µg L−1 and 60, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for six replicate determinations of 50 µg L−1 Co was 2.36%. The calibration graph using the pre-concentration system was linear at levels 2–166 µg L−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9982. The applicability of the proposed method was evaluated by the determination of trace amounts of cobalt in several water samples.

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