scholarly journals Myocardial Reprogramming Medicine: The Development, Application, and Challenge of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Yigang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Somatic Cell Reprogramming ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Ipsc Generation ◽  
Cardiovascular Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated by reprogramming of adult/somatic cells. The somatic cell reprogramming technology offers a promising strategy for patient-specific cardiac regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug discovery. iPSCs are an ideal potential option for an autologous cell source, as compared to other stem/progenitor cells, because they can be propagated indefinitely and are able to generate a large number of functional cardiovascular cells. However, there are concerns about the specificity, efficiency, immunogenicity, and safety of iPSCs which are major challenges in current translational studies. In order to bring iPSC technology closer to clinical use, fundamental changes in this technique are required to ensure that therapeutic progenies are functional and nontumorigenic. It is therefore critical to understand and investigate the biology, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms of iPSCs generation and differentiation. In this spotlight paper the discovery, history, and relative mechanisms of iPSC generation are summarized. The current technological improvements and potential applications are highlighted along with the important challenges and perspectives. Finally, emerging technologies are presented in which improvements to iPSC generation and differentiation approaches might warrant further investigation, such as integration-free approaches, direct reprogramming, and the development of iPSC banking.

scholarly journals The Promise of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Dental Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thekkeparambil Chandrabose Srijaya ◽  
Padmaja Jayaprasad Pradeep ◽  
Rosnah Binti Zain ◽  
Sabri Musa ◽  
Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Dental Research ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Disease Specific

Induced pluripotent stem cell-based therapy for treating genetic disorders has become an interesting field of research in recent years. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the applicability of induced pluripotent stem cells in dental research. Recent advances in the use of induced pluripotent stem cells have the potential for developing disease-specific iPSC linesin vitrofrom patients. Indeed, this has provided a perfect cell source for disease modeling and a better understanding of genetic aberrations, pathogenicity, and drug screening. In this paper, we will summarize the recent progress of the disease-specific iPSC development for various human diseases and try to evaluate the possibility of application of iPS technology in dentistry, including its capacity for reprogramming some genetic orodental diseases. In addition to the easy availability and suitability of dental stem cells, the approach of generating patient-specific pluripotent stem cells will undoubtedly benefit patients suffering from orodental disorders.

scholarly journals The Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Pathogenesis Study and Gene Therapy for Vascular Disorders: Current Progress and Future Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Yin Peng ◽  
Yang Lin ◽  
Jing-Jing Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Hao-Yue Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Vascular Disorders ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Vascular disorders are complex diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Among them, the dilated macrovascular diseases (MVD), such as aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection, have presented a huge threat to human health. The pathogenesis of vascular diseases is mostly associated with property alteration of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Studies have confirmed that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be proliferated and differentiated into other somatic cells, such as VECs and VSMCs. And patient-specific cells could provide detailed human-associated information in regard to pathogenesis or drug responses. In addition, differentiated ECs from iPSC have been widely used in disease modeling as a cell therapy. In this review, we mainly discussed the application of hiPSCs in investigating the pathological mechanism of different inherited vascular diseases and provide a comprehensive understanding of hiPSCs in the field of clinical diagnosis and gene therapy.

scholarly journals Building Multi-Dimensional Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Based Model Platforms to Assess Cardiotoxicity in Cancer Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip Thomas ◽  
Sushma Shenoy ◽  
Nazish Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Cardiovascular Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications have contributed significantly toward poor survival of cancer patients worldwide. These complications that result in myocardial and vascular damage lead to long-term multisystemic disorders. In some patient cohorts, the progression from acute to symptomatic CVD state may be accelerated due to exacerbation of underlying comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension. In such situations, cardio-oncologists are often left with a clinical predicament in finding the optimal therapeutic balance to minimize cardiovascular risks and maximize the benefits in treating cancer. Hence, prognostically there is an urgent need for cost-effective, rapid, sensitive and patient-specific screening platform to allow risk-adapted decision making to prevent cancer therapy related cardiotoxicity. In recent years, momentous progress has been made toward the successful derivation of human cardiovascular cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This technology has not only provided deeper mechanistic insights into basic cardiovascular biology but has also seamlessly integrated within the drug screening and discovery programs for early efficacy and safety evaluation. In this review, we discuss how iPSC-derived cardiovascular cells have been utilized for testing oncotherapeutics to pre-determine patient predisposition to cardiovascular toxicity. Lastly, we highlight the convergence of tissue engineering technologies and precision medicine that can enable patient-specific cardiotoxicity prognosis and treatment on a multi-organ level.

scholarly journals Reprogramming with Small Molecules instead of Exogenous Transcription Factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongxiang Lin ◽  
Shouhai Wu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Ipsc Generation ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could be employed in the creation of patient-specific stem cells, which could subsequently be used in various basic and clinical applications. However, current iPSC methodologies present significant hidden risks with respect to genetic mutations and abnormal expression which are a barrier in realizing the full potential of iPSCs. A chemical approach is thought to be a promising strategy for safety and efficiency of iPSC generation. Many small molecules have been identified that can be used in place of exogenous transcription factors and significantly improve iPSC reprogramming efficiency and quality. Recent studies have shown that the use of small molecules results in the generation of chemically induced pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. These studies might lead to new areas of stem cell research and medical applications, not only human iPSC by chemicals alone, but also safe generation of somatic stem cells for cell based clinical trials and other researches. In this paper, we have reviewed the recent advances in small molecule approaches for the generation of iPSCs.

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