scholarly journals Conservation Concern for the Deteriorating Geographical Range of the Grey Parrot in Cameroon

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon A. Tamungang ◽  
Robert A. Cheke ◽  
Gilbert Z. Mofor ◽  
Richard N. Tamungang ◽  
Fritz T. Oben
Keyword(s):  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Grey Parrot ◽  
Southern Cameroon ◽  
Parrot Species ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Parrot Population

The need for information on Grey Parrot distribution and vegetation associations for informed management and policy decisions was the basis for this study. A nationwide survey of the Grey Parrot population and habitat status was carried out, using questionnaire and point count methods. From the results, the extent of the contemporary range of the parrots was restricted to Southern Cameroon, which harbours the rainforest. Regional parrot population means ranged from 3,487 parrots in the Littoral to 1,351,275 parrots in the East Regions. The extent of the contemporary range as a percentage of the whole country was 25.4% and as a percentage of the regions with rainforest was 44.5%. The historic range of the bird has been reduced by over 55.5%. Estimated percentage of forest lost per region ranged from 20.4% in the Centre to 57.1% in the East and South Regions. At a global level, Cameroon contributed 9% to the total extent of the range of the Grey Parrot in Africa. The range is increasingly fragmented, contracted, and lost through land-based socioeconomic activities. These degradation pressures on the range called for urgent conservation considerations for long-term survival of the parrot species and its associated biodiversity in Cameroon.

Palliative brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy for dysphagia from esophageal cancer: a nationwide survey in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terufumi Kawamoto ◽  
Naoki Nakamura ◽  
Tetsuo Saito ◽  
Ayako Tonari ◽  
Hitoshi Wada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
External Beam ◽  
First Line ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Radiotherapy Alone ◽  
Group Members ◽  
First Line Treatment

Abstract Background International guidelines recommend brachytherapy for patients with dysphagia from esophageal cancer, whereas brachytherapy is infrequently used to palliate dysphagia in some countries. To clarify the availability of palliative treatment for dysphagia from esophageal cancer and explain why brachytherapy is not routinely performed are unknown, this study investigated the use of brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy for dysphagia from esophageal cancer. Methods Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group members completed a survey and selected the treatment that they would recommend for hypothetical cases of dysphagia from esophageal cancer. Results Of the 136 invited facilities, 61 completed the survey (44.9%). Four (6.6%) facilities performed brachytherapy of the esophagus, whereas brachytherapy represented the first-line treatment at three (4.9%) facilities. Conversely, external beam radiotherapy alone and chemoradiotherapy were first-line treatments at 61 and 58 (95.1%) facilities, respectively. In facilities that performed brachytherapy, the main reason why brachytherapy of the esophagus was not performed was high invasiveness (30.2%). Definitive-dose chemoradiotherapy with (≥50 Gy) tended to be used in patients with expected long-term survival. Conclusions Few facilities routinely considered brachytherapy for the treatment of dysphagia from esophageal cancer in Japan. Conversely, most facilities routinely considered external beam radiotherapy. In the future, it will be necessary to optimize external beam radiotherapy.

scholarly journals Clinicians’ Perspective On Oligometastatic Disease: A National Survey.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Felter ◽  
Mirjana Josipovic ◽  
Eva Serup_Hansen ◽  
Poul Geertsen ◽  
Claus Behrens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Oligometastatic Disease ◽  
Medical Oncologists ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background:A clear definition of oligometastatic disease (OMD) does not exist. The number of metastases is the most used parameter to select patients for ablative treatments. We conducted a nationwide survey to assess the clinically working physician’s perception and definition of the OMD concept.Material and methods: An 18-items questionnaire was prepared using an online survey tool and sent to 461 physicians working at nine different oncology centres. Both clinical- and medical oncologists were invited, specialists as well as trainees.Results: A total of 102 physicians from seven different centres completed the survey (response rate 22%). The majority (93%) of responders expected cure or long-term survival could be achieved with an ablative strategy for selected patients with OMD. Up to three metastases (43% of responders) in up to two organs (44% of responders) was the preferred threshold the responders were willing to treat when applying an ablative strategy for patients with OMD. Only 7% were willing to treat up to five metastases. There was no apparent disagreement between responders engaged/not engaged in RT planning. Among cancer types, patients with colorectal-, breast-, lung-, prostate-, and kidney cancer were considered most suitable for an ablative treatment strategy. Conclusions:Most responders expected that an ablative treatment strategy could be beneficial in selected patients with OMD. In general, there was agreement on the selection criteria for OMD regarding the number of metastases, number of organs, anatomical sites and cancer types.

Caspases and apoptosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy S Salvesen
Keyword(s):  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Intracellular Signalling Pathways ◽  
Adult Cell ◽  
Caspase Family ◽  
Cell Fragments ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The ability of metazoan cells to undergo programmed cell death is vital to both the precise development and long-term survival of the mature adult. Cell deaths that result from engagement of this programme end in apoptosis, the ordered dismantling of the cell that results in its 'silent' demise, in which packaged cell fragments are removed by phagocytosis. This co-ordinated demise is mediated by members of a family of cysteine proteases known as caspases, whose activation follows characteristic apoptotic stimuli, and whose substrates include many proteins, the limited cleavage of which causes the characteristic morphology of apoptosis. In vertebrates, a subset of caspases has evolved to participate in the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thus members of the caspase family participate in one of two very distinct intracellular signalling pathways.

Human thymic epithelial cells maintain long-term survival of clonogenic myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells in vitro

2000 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuto Takenaka ◽  
Mine Harada ◽  
Tomoaki Fujisaki ◽  
Koji Nagafuji ◽  
Shinichi Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Thymic Epithelial Cells ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor Cells

Clinical outcome and long-term survival following radical esophagectomy in the elderly

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A747-A748
Author(s):  
S DRESNER ◽  
A IMMMANUEL ◽  
P LAMB ◽  
S GRIFFIN
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Radical Esophagectomy ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

1103: Long-Term Survival Following Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma: The 15 Year UCLA Experience

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 355-355
Author(s):  
Manuel Eisenberg ◽  
John S. Lam ◽  
Rakhee H. Goel ◽  
Allan J. Pantuck ◽  
Robert A. Figlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival
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