scholarly journals Hyperautofluorescence in Outer Retinal Layers Thinning

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Bertolotto ◽  
Luigi Borgia ◽  
Michele Iester
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Autofluorescence Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Window Effect

Purpose. To evaluate if paracentral hyperautofluorescence (HAF) retinal regions, which can be occasionally found and analyzed by optical coherence tomography (OCT), were related to retinal layer changes and to detect which layer was involved.Methods. This is a cross-sectional and retrospective study. 648 OCT files were revised. OCTs that showed a paracentral HAF area by using the fundus autofluorescence imaging in Heidelberg Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) were selected. Then retinal layer morphology was analyzed observing OCT scans and a retinal thickness was measured.Results. 31 patients were selected: 20 patients had chronic serous epitheliopathy (CSE), 8 patients had resolved central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), and 3 patients wet age related macular degeneration (ARMD). The HAF zones corresponded to areas of thickness reduction of the external hyporeflective band. In all these areas the retinal pigment epithelium was not atrophic and the neuroepithelium was more or less dystrophic. In particular the retinal thickness was 264 um, 232 um, and 243 um in wet ARMD, CSE, and CSC, respectively; the reduction was significant (P<0.01) compared to the same area of the other eye.Discussion. The presence of HAF imaging might be mostly due to a “window effect” rather than an accumulation of lipofuscin.

Anatomical and functional changes in neovascular AMD in remission: comparison of fibrocellular and fibrovascular phenotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Querques ◽  
Mariacristina Parravano ◽  
Enrico Borrelli ◽  
Adele Chiaravalloti ◽  
Massimiliano Tedeschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Neovascular Amd ◽  
Macular Function ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rpe Atrophy

PurposeTo investigate the anatomical changes and the macular function in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes, according to the recognition of either fibrocellular or fibrovascular phenotype.MethodsWe enrolled eyes with previously treated neovascular AMD in remission (no subretinal haemorrhage, sign of fluid in or under the retina and no treatment for at least 6 months). Subjects underwent multimodal imaging assessment and were tested for macular sensitivity using microperimetry. The study cohort was divided according to the presence of fibrosis on multicolour (MC) images, yielding two distinct phenotypic subgroups: (1) fibrocellular group and (2) fibrovascular group.ResultsNineteen eyes were classified as fibrocellular on MC images, while 22 eyes as fibrovascular. Mean±SD age was 73.9±11.0 years in the fibrocellular group and 75.9±7.1 years in the fibrovascular group (p=0.221). Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.7±0.5 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) in the fibrocellular group and 0.3±0.2 LogMAR in the fibrovascular group (p=0.003). On the optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence evaluation, 17/19 eyes with the fibrocellular phenotype and 8/22 eyes with the fibrovascular phenotype displayed the presence of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy (p=0.001). The perfusion density within the neovascular lesion was 28.9%±9.9% in the fibrocellular group and 44.2%±5.9 % in the fibrovascular group (p<0.0001).ConclusionNeovascular AMD eyes in remission and with evidence of fibrocellular scar are characterised by RPE atrophy and reduced perfusion, which are associated with a higher degree of functional impairment. These findings suggest that maturation of vessels in fibrosis might be a better target in neovascular AMD treatments rather than their abolishment.

scholarly journals Effects of subthreshold nanosecond laser therapy in age-related macular degeneration using artificial intelligence (STAR-AI Study)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250609
Author(s):  
Verina Hanna ◽  
Jonathan Oakley ◽  
Daniel Russakoff ◽  
Netan Choudhry
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Age Related

Purpose To investigate changes in retinal thickness, drusen volume, and visual acuity following subthreshold nanosecond laser (SNL) treatment in patients with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Design Retrospective chart review. Methods Patients with intermediate ARMD treated with a single session of SNL (2RT®, Ellex R&D Pty Ltd, Adelaide, Australia) were included. Swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging (Triton; Topcon Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) was performed within 6 months before and after SNL treatment. Retinal layers were segmented using the artificial intelligence-enabled Orion® software (Voxeleron LLC, San Francisco, USA). The macular region was analyzed according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study map. Mean difference and standard deviation in baseline and post-treatment retinal layer thicknesses are reported. Results 37 eyes from 25 patients were included in this study (mean age 74.7±9.2 years). An average of 51±6 spots were applied around the macula of each study eye, with a mean spot power of 0.33±0.04mJ. Increases in total retinal thickness were observed within the outer temporal and inferior sectors (P<0.05). Within the annulus, there was an increase in thickness of the sub-retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) space [0.88±2.41μm, P = 0.03], defined between the RPE and Bruch’s membrane. An increase in thickness of 1.13±2.55μm (P = 0.01) was also noted in the inferior sector of the photoreceptor complex, defined from the inner and outer segment junction to the RPE. Decreases in thickness were observed within the superior sector of the inner nuclear layer (INL) [-1.08±2.55μm, P = 0.01], and within the annulus of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) [-1.44±3.55μm, P = 0.02]. Conclusions At 6 months post-SNL treatment, there were sectoral increases in OPL, photoreceptor complex, and sub-RPE space thicknesses and sectoral decreases in INL and ONL thicknesses. This pilot study demonstrates the utility of OCT combined with artificial intelligence-enabled software to track retinal changes that occur following SNL treatment in intermediate ARMD.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in the Chorioretinal Junction: An Immunohistochemical Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 567-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulika Gupta ◽  
Narbada Saini ◽  
Jasbir Arora ◽  
Daisy Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Lipofuscin Granule ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
S 100

The chorioretinal junction comprises the retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch’s membrane (BM), and adjacent choroidal capillaries. Its significance lies in its ability to support the retina mechanically and metabolically. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to record the senescent changes affecting all the constituents of the chorioretinal junction in 40 histological specimens across the whole spectrum of the adult age range. This study included light microscopy, with hematoxylin and eosin and PAS stains, and fluorescent microscopy. Immunohistochemistry was done using antibodies against neurofilament, synaptophysin, S-100, and collagen IV. The descriptive microanatomy was corroborated by morphometry. The amount of melanin and lipofuscin granule and drusens were noted. The ratio of thickness of BM to capillary diameter reduced from 1:6 or less in the 2nd decade to 1:3 in the 10th decade. Complete hyalinization of intercapillary pillars was seen in the 10th decade. The accumulation of lipofuscin with age was documented with the diminution in the size of epithelial cells. The subepithelial accumulation of drusen was first noted in the specimen from the late 60s. We have described all senescent changes in the chorioretinal junction chronologically. Similar changes are found in a more pronounced form in age-related macular degeneration. These data might serve as a reference baseline for clinicians and pathologists.

scholarly journals Impact of drusen and drusenoid retinal pigment epithelium elevation size and structure on the integrity of the retinal pigment epithelium layer

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Schlanitz ◽  
Bernhard Baumann ◽  
Stefan Sacu ◽  
Lukas Baumann ◽  
Michael Pircher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Photoreceptor Layer ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Size And Structure

PurposeTo evaluate the impact of drusen size and structure on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor layers in eyes with early to intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using polarisation-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT).DesignRetrospective investigation of an observational cross-sectional study.ParticipantsPatients with early to intermediate AMD.MethodsTwenty-five eyes of 25 patients with drusen were imaged with polarisation-sensitive OCT using macular volume scans. Each scan was manually graded for six distinct drusen characteristics and the integrity of both the overlying RPE and photoreceptor layer. The central scan of each single druse, as well as its diameter and location, were selected for statistical calculations.ResultsA total number of 5933 individual drusen including their adjacent RPE and photoreceptor layer were evaluated. 41.3% of all drusen demonstrated an intact overlying RPE; in 28.1% the RPE layer was irregular, but continuous. In 30.6%, the RPE layer signal was discontinuous above the area of drusen. The level of RPE alteration was significantly related to shape (p<0.001), internal reflectivity (p<0.001) and homogeneity (p<0.001) of the drusen and their diameter, with a higher probability for larger drusen to have a discontinuous RPE (OR 3.2, p<0.001). The number of drusen showing overlying foci or an altered photoreceptor layer was too small to be conclusive, but showed a trend towards an altered RPE if present.ConclusionsPolarisation-sensitive OCT reveals a correlation between specific drusen characteristics and the integrity of the overlying RPE layer. Drusen diameter and configuration were significantly associated with RPE loss.

scholarly journals Ex Vivo Hyperspectral Autofluorescence Imaging and Localization of Fluorophores in Human Eyes with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Vision ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Taariq Mohammed ◽  
Yuehong Tong ◽  
Julia Agee ◽  
Nayanika Challa ◽  
Rainer Heintzmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Autofluorescence Imaging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Human Eyes ◽  
Similar Peak

To characterize fluorophore signals from drusen and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and their changes in age related macular degeneration (AMD), the authors describe advances in ex vivo hyperspectral autofluorescence (AF) imaging of human eye tissue. Ten RPE flatmounts from eyes with AMD and 10 from eyes without AMD underwent 40× hyperspectral AF microscopic imaging. The number of excitation wavelengths tested was initially two (436 nm and 480 nm), then increased to three (436 nm, 480 nm, and 505 nm). Emission spectra were collected at 10 nm intervals from 420 nm to 720 nm. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithms decomposed the hyperspectral images into individual emission spectra and their spatial abundances. These include three distinguishable spectra for RPE fluorophores (S1, S2, and S3) in both AMD and non-AMD eyes, a spectrum for drusen (SDr) only in AMD eyes, and a Bruch’s membrane spectrum that was detectable in normal eyes. Simultaneous analysis of datacubes excited atthree excitation wavelengths revealed more detailed spatial localization of the RPE spectra and SDr within drusen than exciting only at two wavelengths. Within AMD and non-AMD groups, two different NMF initialization methods were tested on each group and converged to qualitatively similar spectra. In AMD, the peaks of the SDr at ~510 nm (436 nm excitation) were particularly consistent. Between AMD and non-AMD groups, corresponding spectra in common, S1, S2, and S3, also had similar peak locations and shapes, but with some differences and further characterization warranted.

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