scholarly journals Evidence against the Presence of Wolbachia in a Population of the Crayfish Species Procambarus clarkii

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Heneghan ◽  
Immo A. Hansen ◽  
William J. Boecklen ◽  
Avis C. James
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Alpha Proteobacteria ◽  
Crayfish Species

Wolbachia is a genus of intracellular alpha-Proteobacteria that is maternally inherited and is capable of inducing a variety of reproductive alterations in host species. The host range of Wolbachia is not determined completely but is known to contain a number of arthropod taxa, including crustaceans. Wolbachia has not been reported in crayfish, but sampling has been limited to date. We examine a species of crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, for Wolbachia infection using a suite of Wolbachia-specific primers in PCR assays. All specimens yielded negative results for Wolbachia infection and mathematical analysis of sample size shows a near 100% probability of detection for populations with greater than 0.1% infection rate.

scholarly journals An ongoing saga: Endemic branchiobdellidans (Annelida: Clitellata) on translocated commercial North American crayfish

Zoosymposia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-158
Author(s):  
STUART R. GELDER
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Pacifastacus Leniusculus ◽  
Orconectes Limosus ◽  
The World ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Crayfish Species

Over the last 130 years demand for crayfish has exceeded regional supplies around the world, so stocks, primarily from North America, have been imported to satisfy this need. These demands are human based and include gastronomy, sport fishing bait, food for rearing animals, educational aides, ornamentation in waterbodies, and more recently a significant increase in pet crayfish sales. The three most common commercial species from North America are Pacifastacus leniusculus, Procambarus clarkii and Orconectes limosus, although four other species are increasing in importance as they become more widely distributed. All of these crayfish in their endemic range have been reported to carry branchiobdellidan annelids. Therefore, when the crayfish are translocated, their ectosymbionts likely accompany them. Eighty-six potentially transportable branchiobdellidans are recognized in this paper, along with the distribution of six species known to have been translocated. Moreover, branchiobdellidans endemic to the translocation regions have adopted introduced crustacean hosts, which demonstrates that branchiobdellidan host species specificity is not as restrictive as many researchers believe. On the evidence to date, these translocated branchiobdellidans appear to have the same relationship and cause the same amount of damage, if any, as those on their endemic crayfish hosts. The geographical distribution of endemic branchiobdellidan—crayfish species associations are unique to each of four disjunct regions as defined by Bănărescu: Euro-Mediterranean, East Asian, western North American and eastern North American; the latter includes eastward drainages from Canada to Costa Rica.

scholarly journals Evaluation of bat adenoviruses suggests co-evolution and host roosting behaviour as drivers for diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkom F. Ntumvi ◽  
Joseph Le Doux Diffo ◽  
Ubald Tamoufe ◽  
Valantine Ngum Ndze ◽  
Jean-Michel Takuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Dna Detection ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Large Groups

Adenoviruses (AdVs) are diverse pathogens of humans and animals, with several dozen bat AdVs already identified. Considering that over 100 human AdVs are known, and the huge diversity of bat species, many bat AdVs likely remain undiscovered. To learn more about AdV prevalence, diversity and evolution, we sampled and tested bats in Cameroon using several PCR assays for viral and host DNA. AdV DNA was detected in 14 % of the 671 sampled animals belonging to 37 different bat species. There was a correlation between species roosting in larger groups and AdV DNA detection. The detected AdV DNA belonged to between 28 and 44 different, mostly previously unknown, mastadenovirus species. The novel isolates are phylogenetically diverse and while some cluster with known viruses, others appear to form divergent new clusters. The phylogenetic tree of novel and previously known bat AdVs does not mirror that of the various host species, but does contain structures consistent with a degree of virus–host co-evolution. Given that closely related isolates were found in different host species, it seems likely that at least some bat AdVs have jumped species barriers, probably in the more recent past; however, the tree is also consistent with such events having taken place throughout bat AdV evolution. AdV diversity was highest in bat species roosting in large groups. The study significantly increased the diversity of AdVs known to be harboured by bats, and suggests that host behaviours, such as roosting size, may be what limits some AdVs to one species rather than an inability of AdVs to infect other related hosts.

scholarly journals A probabilistic method for structural integrity assurance based on damage detection structural health monitoring data

2021 ◽  
pp. 147592172110388
Author(s):  
Michael Siu Hey Leung ◽  
Joseph Corcoran
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Particle Filtering ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Systematic Effects ◽  
Detection Capabilities ◽  
Integrity Assurance

The value of using permanently installed monitoring systems for managing the life of an engineering asset is determined by the confidence in its damage detection capabilities. A framework is proposed that integrates detection data from permanently installed monitoring systems with probabilistic structural integrity assessments. Probability of detection (POD) curves are used in combination with particle filtering methods to recursively update a distribution of postulated defect size given a series of negative results (i.e. no defects detected). The negative monitoring results continuously filter out possible cases of severe damage, which in turn updates the estimated probability of failure. An implementation of the particle filtering method that takes into account the effect of systematic uncertainty in the detection capabilities of a monitoring system is also proposed, addressing the problem of whether negative measurements are simply a consequence of defects occurring outside the sensors field of view. A simulated example of fatigue crack growth is used to demonstrate the proposed framework. The results demonstrate that permanently installed sensors with low susceptibility to systematic effects may be used to maintain confidence in fitness-for-service while relying on fewer inspections. The framework provides a method for using permanently installed sensors to achieve continuous assessments of fitness-for-service for improved integrity management.

Host Range of Some Eucalypt Mycorrhizal Fungi

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Chilvers
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genus Eucalyptus

Various fungi are shown to form mycorrhizas with a wide range of host species within the genus Eucalyptus. In general, the same fungi do not appear to be capable of forming mycorrhizas with Pinus.

Specificity

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-182
Author(s):  
Paul Schmid-Hempel
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Ecological Filter ◽  
Immune Defences

infect a number of host species. This host range is given by an ecological filter (the possibility of encounter) and a physiological one (the capacity of establishing an infection). Host ranges typically are right-skewed, with most parasites infecting only a few, but few infecting very many hosts. There is no universally valid hypothesis that explains host range. However, a number of factors contribute to host range, such as geographical range, phylogenetic distance, host predictability, and parasite virulence. Specificity and cross-reactivity of immune defences are important mechanisms. Moreover, immune memory is based on specificity; transgenerational immune priming protects offspring when parents have already been exposed to the same or similar parasites.

scholarly journals A COVID-19 patient with multiple negative results for PCR assays outside Wuhan, China: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Da Chen ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Yu-Ming Ye ◽  
Zhi Wu ◽  
Ya-Ping Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Pcr Assays

Nematodes and cestodes of rodents in South Africa: baseline data on diversity and geographic distribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Spickett ◽  
K. Junker ◽  
G. Froeschke ◽  
V. Haukisalmi ◽  
S. Matthee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Abstract Currently, descriptive information on the host range and geographic distribution of helminth parasites associated with naturally occurring rodents in South and southern Africa is scant. Therefore, we embarked on a countrywide study to: (1) identify gastrointestinal helminths and their host range, and (2) provide baseline data on the geographic distribution of helminths across the country. Altogether, 55 helminth taxa were recovered from at least 13 rodent species (n = 1030) at 26 localities across South Africa. The helminth taxa represented 25 genera (15 nematodes, nine cestodes and one acanthocephalan). Monoxenous nematodes were the most abundant and prevalent group, while the occurrence of heteroxenous nematodes and cestodes was generally lower. The study recorded several novel helminth–host associations. Single-host-species infections were common, although multiple-host-species infections by helminth species were also recorded. Monoxenous nematodes and some cestodes were recovered countrywide, whereas heteroxenous nematodes were restricted to the eastern regions of South Africa. The study highlights the as yet unexplored diversity of helminth species associated with naturally occurring rodent species and provides initial data on their geographical distribution in South Africa.

Host range and geographic distribution of Armillaria root rot pathogens in the Canadian prairie provinces

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1859-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. Mallett
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Armillaria Root Rot ◽  
Armillaria Species ◽  
Prairie Provinces

A survey to identify Armillaria root rot pathogens, their host range, and geographic distribution was conducted in the Canadian prairie provinces. Collections of basidiocarps and isolates from the wood of gymptomatic or dead trees were made. Armillaria species were identified by interfertility testing and by the L-DOPA method. Three Armillaria species, A. ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink, A. sinapina Bérubé & Dessureault, and A. calvescens Bérubé & Dessureault, were identified. Armillariaostoyae was the most common species in both the subalpine and boreal forests and was found on a wide variety of coniferous and deciduous host species. Armillariasinapina was in both the boreal and subalpine forests but occurred primarily on deciduous host species. Armillariacalvescens was rare and was found only in the boreal forest on both coniferous and deciduous host species.

scholarly journals Detection of Bovine and Porcine Adenoviruses for Tracing the Source of Fecal Contamination

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1448-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Maluquer de Motes ◽  
Pilar Clemente-Casares ◽  
Ayalkibet Hundesa ◽  
Margarita Mart�n ◽  
Rosina Girones
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Viral Contamination ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Nested Pcr Assays

ABSTRACT In this study, a molecular procedure for the detection of adenoviruses of animal origin was developed to evaluate the level of excretion of these viruses by swine and cattle and to design a test to facilitate the tracing of specific sources of environmental viral contamination. Two sets of oligonucleotides were designed, one to detect porcine adenoviruses and the other to detect bovine and ovine adenoviruses. The specificity of the assays was assessed in 31 fecal samples and 12 sewage samples that were collected monthly during a 1-year period. The data also provided information on the environmental prevalence of animal adenoviruses. Porcine adenoviruses were detected in 17 of 24 (70%) pools of swine samples studied, with most isolates being closely related to serotype 3. Bovine adenoviruses were present in 6 of 8 (75%) pools studied, with strains belonging to the genera Mastadenovirus and Atadenovirus and being similar to bovine adenoviruses of types 2, 4, and 7. These sets of primers produced negative results in nested PCR assays when human adenovirus controls and urban-sewage samples were tested. Likewise, the sets of primers previously designed for detection of human adenovirus also produced negative results with animal adenoviruses. These results indicate the importance of further studies to evaluate the usefulness of these tests to trace the source of fecal contamination in water and food and for environmental studies.

scholarly journals Bartonella spp. Prevalence (Serology, Culture, and PCR) in Sanitary Workers in La Rioja Spain

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aránzazu Portillo ◽  
Ricardo Maggi ◽  
José A. Oteo ◽  
Julie Bradley ◽  
Lara García-Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Clinical Infection ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
La Rioja ◽  
Alpha Proteobacteria

Bartonella spp. are increasingly implicated in association with a spectrum of zoonotic infectious diseases. One hundred sanitary workers in La Rioja, Spain, completed a questionnaire and provided blood specimens for Bartonella spp. serology and Bartonella Alpha-Proteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) enrichment blood culture/PCR. Six immunofluorescence assays (IFA) were performed and aseptically obtained blood specimens were inoculated into liquid BAPGM and subcultured onto blood agar plates. Bartonella DNA was amplified using conventional and real-time PCR assays. The Bartonella spp., strain, or genotype was determined by DNA sequencing. Bartonella seroreactivity was documented in 83.1% and bloodstream infection in 21.6% of participants. Bartonella henselae, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotypes I and III, and B. quintana were identified. IFA seroreactivity and PCR positivity were not statistically associated with self-reported symptoms. Our results suggest that exposure to and non-clinical infection with Bartonella spp. may occur more often than previously suspected in the La Rioja region.

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