scholarly journals Detection of Tannery Effluents Induced DNA Damage in Mung Bean by Use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay Raj ◽  
Sharad Kumar ◽  
Izharul Haq ◽  
Mahadeo Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Treated Effluents

Common effluent treatment plant (CETP) is employed for treatment of tannery effluent. However, the performance of CETP for reducing the genotoxic substances from the raw effluent is not known. In this study, phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of tannery effluents were investigated in mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). For this purpose, untreated and treated tannery effluents were collected from CETP Unnao (UP), India. Seeds of mung bean were grown in soil irrigated with various concentrations of tannery effluents (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) for 15 days. Inhibition of seed germination was 90% by 25% untreated effluent and 75% treated effluent, compared to the control. Plant growth was inhibited by 51% and 41% when irrigated with untreated and treated effluents at 25% concentration. RAPD technique was used to evaluate the genotoxic effect of tannery effluents (untreated and treated) irrigation on the mung bean. The RAPD profiles obtained showed that both untreated and treated were having genotoxic effects on mung bean plants. This was discernible with appearance/disappearance of bands in the treatments compared with control plants. A total of 87 RAPD bands were obtained using eight primers and 42 (48%) of these showed polymorphism. Irrigating plants with untreated effluent caused 12 new bands to appear and 18 to disappear. Treated effluent caused 8 new bands and the loss of 15 bands. The genetic distances shown on the dendrogram revealed that control plants and those irrigated with treated effluent were clustered in one group (joined at distance of 0.28), whereas those irrigated with untreated effluent were separated in another cluster at larger distance (joined at distance of 0.42). This indicates that treated effluent is less genotoxic than the untreated. Nei’s genetic similarity indices calculated between the treatments and the control plants showed that the control and the plants irrigated with treated tannery effluent had a similarity index of 0.75, the control and plants irrigated with untreated 0.65, and between the treatments 0.68. We conclude that both untreated and treated effluents contain genotoxic substances that caused DNA damage to mung beans. CETP Unnao removes some, but not all, genotoxic substances from tannery effluent. Consequently, use of both untreated and treated wastewater for irrigation poses health hazard to human and the environment.

scholarly journals Impact of tannery effluent on germination of various varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Kohli ◽  
Piyush Malaviya
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

The present study has been focused on the impact of tannery effluent on germination pattern of ten varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum).The physico-chemical analysis of the tannery effluents showed that it had high salinity (45.97 ppt) and an acidic pH (3.61). For screening test, a setup with various concentrations of tannery effluent (4.5%, 9%, 13.5%and 18%) was prepared in petri plates to check the impact of tannery effluent on various varieties of wheat. Among ten varieties, PBW-343 and HS-365 showed better performance at 4.5% tannery effluentand considered to be more tolerant, whereas HS -295 was the most sensitive to tannery effluent treatment.

scholarly journals 1H-NMR Determination of Organic Compounds in Municipal Wastewaters and the Receiving Surface Waters in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Adebayo I. Farounbi ◽  
Paul K. Mensah ◽  
Emmanuel O. Olawode ◽  
Nosiphiwe P. Ngqwala
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Nmr Chemical Shifts ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Treated Effluents ◽  
Water Scarce

Surface water is the recipient of pollutants from various sources, including improperly treated wastewater. Comprehensive knowledge of the composition of water is necessary to make it reusable in water-scarce environments. In this work, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) was combined with multivariate analysis to study the metabolites in four rivers and four wastewater treatment plants releasing treated effluents into the rivers. 1H-NMR chemical shifts of the extracts in CDCl were acquired with Bruker 400. Chemical shifts of 1H-NMR in chlorinated alkanes, amino compounds and fluorinated hydrocarbons were common to samples of wastewater and lower reaches or the rivers. 1H-NMR chemical shifts of carbonyl compounds and alkyl phosphates were restricted to wastewater samples. Chemical shifts of phenolic compounds were associated with treated effluent samples. This study showed that the sources of these metabolites in the rivers were not only from improperly treated effluents but also from runoffs. Multivariate analyses showed that some of the freshwater samples were not of better quality than wastewater and treated effluents. Observations show the need for constant monitoring of rivers and effluent for the safety of the aquatic environment.

scholarly journals Reforested soil under drip irrigation with treated wastewater from poultry slaughterhouse

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-445
Author(s):  
Izabela R. C. Araujo ◽  
Silvio C. Sampaio ◽  
Antonio Paz-Gonzalez ◽  
Márcio A. Vilas-Boas ◽  
Affonso C. Gonçalves Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Successive Sampling ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Treated Effluents ◽  
Chemical Attributes

ABSTRACT The disposal of treated effluents on soil is the main final use of wastewater in Brazil. Although this practice can promote improvements of some soil attributes, there is a need for monitoring in order to ensure that potential environmental impacts are not harmful. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of treated effluent from a poultry slaughterhouse on the chemical attributes of an Oxisols, in Matelândia-PR, Brazil under drip irrigation. The soil attributes P, K, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, pH in CaCl2, H + Al, Al, Ca, Mg, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and percent base saturation (V) were evaluated under four effluent application rates, 0, 100, 200 and 300 m³ ha-1 d-1 with treated effluents on three successive sampling dates. As main results it was observed that high irrigation rates increased soil phosphorus and potassium concentrations. In addition, an association between the increase of soil potential acidity and exchangeable acidity was detected, although pH did not vary significantly either between treatments or between sampling dates.

scholarly journals The role of nucleotide excision repair in protecting embryonic stem cells from genotoxic effects of UV-induced DNA damage

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (16) ◽  
pp. 3276-3282 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. H. Van Sloun ◽  
J. G. Jansen ◽  
G. Weeda ◽  
L. H. F. Mullenders ◽  
A. A. van Zeeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Nucleotide Excision Repair ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Nucleotide Excision

Numerical Examination of Jets Induced by Multi-Bubble Interactions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joydip Mondal ◽  
Arpit Mishra ◽  
Rajaram Lakkaraju ◽  
Parthasarathi Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Target Location ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Transient Behaviour ◽  
Bubble Interactions ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
The Many ◽  
Fictitious Particle

Jets produced by the interaction of collapsing cavitating bubbles containing high-pressure gases can be utilized for wide variety of applications e.g. particle erosion, medical purposes (lithotripsy, sonoporation), tannery effluent treatment, etc. Among the many parameters, this jetting is largely influenced by spatial orientation of bubbles, their times of inception, relative bubble size ratio. In this context, multiple cavitating bubbles are able to generate numerous simultaneous jets, under suitable conditions, hence operating over a wider coverage area. Such multi-bubble arrangements can go a long way in enhancing the erosive impact on a target location even at cryogenic temperature (< 123 K) and hence necessitate investigation. In this paper, different configurations of multiple-bubble interactions are numerically simulated to examine jets directed towards a target location (fictitious particle, cell etc.) using computational fluid dynamics. No phase change is considered and the effect of gravity is neglected. The transient behaviour of the interface between the two interacting fluids (bubble and ambient liquid) is modelled using VOF (volume of fluid) method. In this paper, results obtained for different bubble configurations through numerical simulation are validated against suitable literature and further explored to assess the resulting jet effects. The time histories of interacting bubbles are presented and the consequent flow-fields are evaluated by the pressure and velocity distributions obtained. The same calculation is repeated in cryogenic environment and the results are compared. An attempt is made to approach towards an optimum arrangement and conditions for particle erosion.

Optimization of a Treatment System of Wastewater Streams for Electrochemical Cr(VI) Reduction: Selective versus Centralized Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián López-Yañez ◽  
Jorge Ramirez-Muñoz ◽  
Alejandro Alonso ◽  
Luis G. Cota ◽  
Jhonny Pérez Montiel
Keyword(s):  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Selective Treatment

Abstract The problem of the optimization of selective treatment systems of wastewater streams contaminated with hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is investigated. In order to comply with the Mexican environmental norm of Cr(VI) for treated wastewater streams at minimum cost, a nonlinear programming (NLP) model for the electrochemical reduction of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium was developed. The model incorporates a variable reaction rate, which is a function of the Cr(VI) concentration and the electrical current density of the electrochemical process. For this purpose, a basic superstructure of the effluent treatment is proposed. The superstructure is composed of three continuous electrochemical reactors without recirculation, and it may produce either a series and/or parallel design topology. The NLP model was used to minimize the objective function, defined as the total annual cost (TAC), which includes the capital cost of each electrochemical reactor, the electrical energy cost and the cost of the treatment of the wastewater streams. In order to investigate the solution set of the proposed NLP model, i. e., to improve the possibilities of obtaining optimum solutions based on economic criteria, a multi-start algorithm was implemented. Two example problems are used to show the versatility of the model and different local optimal solutions were obtained for each case study. The results show that a selective treatment of wastewater streams based on the search of local optimal solutions yields significant savings with respect to a centralized treatment design.

Combined organic carbon and complete nitrogen removal using anaerobic and aerobic upflow filters

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Akunna ◽  
Claude Bizeau ◽  
René Moletta ◽  
Nicolas Bernet ◽  
Alain Héduit
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Treated Effluents ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Two laboratory upflow aerobic and anaerobic filters fed with synthetic wastewaters were used to study firstly the effects of aeration rate on the nitrification of anaerobically pre-treated effluents and secondly the effects of recycle-to-influent ratios on methane production rate, denitrification and nitrification performances of a combined aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment process. Nitrification of anaerobically pre-treated effluent was accompanied by aerobic post-treatment for residual COD removal. A comparison of nitrification performances using autotrophic medium and anaerobically pre-treated effluents (containing 1203 mg COD 1−1) with the same ammonia nitrogen concentration of about 300 mg NH4-N 1−1 showed that 3% of added ammonia nitrogen was assimilated by autotrophic nitrifiers during nitrification of the autotrophic medium while up to 30% was assimilated by both nitrifiers and heterotrophs during organic carbon removal and nitrification of anaerobically pre-treated effluent. Furthermore, it was suspected that significant nitrogen loss through denitrification occured in the aerobic filter especially at low aeration rates. In the study of the combined aerobic-anaerobic system, maximum ammonia nitrogen removal of 70% through denitrification was obtained at recycle-to-influent ratios of 4 and 5. COD removal efficiency in the anaerobic filter decreased from 77 to 60% for recycle-to-influent ratios of zero to 5. Overall COD removal efficiency of the entire system was constant at about 99% due to heterotrophic COD removal in the aerobic filter.

scholarly journals Bioreduction of Cr(VI) by Viable Cells and Cell-Free Extract of a Moderate Halophile, Halomonas Smyrnensis KS802 and Evaluation of Their in Vitro Efficacy in Tannery Effluent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhuma Biswas ◽  
AK Paul
Keyword(s):  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Chromate Reduction ◽  
Cell Free Extract ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Moderate Halophile ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Halomonas Smyrnensis

Abstract The present study was aimed to characterize the chromate reducing ability of cells and cell-free extract (CFE) of Halomonas smyrnensis KS802 (GenBank Accession No. KU982965) and evaluate their effectiveness in tannery effluents. Viable cells of the strain reduced 200 µM Cr(VI) in basal medium for halophiles (MH) in 10 h and was inversely proportional to Cr(VI) concentrations. The rapid reduction by cells (10⁹ cells/mL) was achieved with 7.5% NaCl, at pH 7 and 37°C which increased with increasing cell density (10¹° cells/mL). While acetate, Cu³⁺, Fe³⁺, SO₄²⁻, and CO₃²⁻ were stimulating the reduction, the inhibitors retarded the process significantly. The NADH-dependent chromate reduction of the CFE was found to be constitutive with Km and Vmax values of 56.58 µM and 3.37 µM/min/mg protein respectively. The optimal reductase activity of the CFE was evident at 200 µM Cr(VI), 10% NaCl, pH 8.0 and at 45°C. A higher concentration of CFE and electron donors increased the enzyme activity but was impacted negatively by toxic metals and anions. Both the cells and CFE were capable of reducing Cr(VI) remarkably from tannery effluent. FTIR and XRD spectra of chromate reducing cells confirmed possible complexation of reduced Cr-species with functional groups on cell surface.

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