scholarly journals Strongly Localized Image States of Spherical Graphitic Particles

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey Gumbs ◽  
Antonios Balassis ◽  
Andrii Iurov ◽  
Paula Fekete
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Effective Potential ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Angular Motion ◽  
Centripetal Force ◽  
Spherical Image ◽  
Spherical Shells ◽  
Surface Potentials ◽  
Image States

We investigate the localization of charged particles by the image potential of spherical shells, such as fullerene buckyballs. These spherical image states exist within surface potentials formed by the competition between the attractive image potential and the repulsive centripetal force arising from the angular motion. The image potential has a power law rather than a logarithmic behavior. This leads to fundamental differences in the nature of the effective potential for the two geometries. Our calculations have shown that the captured charge is more strongly localized closest to the surface for fullerenes than for cylindrical nanotube.

Synchrotron Radiation Spectra

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Gleeson ◽  
K. C. Westfold
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Uniform Magnetic Field ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Radiation Spectra ◽  
Field Lines

In this paper we give an account of the corrections that must be made to the formula for the emissivity ηf due to a power-law energy distribution of ultrarelativistic charged particles in a uniform magnetic field B0 in directions well away from the field lines when the effects of upper and lower cut-off values E2 and E1 in the energy distribution are not negligible.

scholarly journals Particle Acceleration and Radiation in Magnetospheres of Collapsing Stars

2000 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
V. Kryvdyk
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Particle Dynamics ◽  
Initial Energy ◽  
Particle Energy ◽  
Radiation Fluxes ◽  
Nonthermal Emission ◽  
Initial Power

Particle dynamics and nonthermal emission therefrom in the magnetospheres of collapsing stars with initial dipole magnetic fields and a certain initial energy distribution of charged particles (power-law, relativistic Maxwell, and Boltzmann distributions) are considered. The radiation fluxes are calculated for various collapsing stars with initial dipole magnetic fields and an initial power-law particle energy distribution in the magnetosphere. The effects can be observed by means of modern instruments.

scholarly journals Similarities in Multiparticle Production Processes in pp Collisions as Imprints of Nonextensive Statistics

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Rybczynski ◽  
Zbigniew Wlodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Momentum ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Multiparticle Production ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Power Indices ◽  
Pp Collisions ◽  
Nonextensive Statistics ◽  
Production Processes

The transverse momentum pT spectra of both hadrons and jets produced in pp collisions at beam energies from hundreds GeV to a few TeV exhibit power-law behavior of 1/pTn at high pT, with similar power indices n. The respective nonextensivity parameters for transverse momenta distributions and the global nonextensivity parameter obtained from multiplicities are compared. In particular, data on kaon to pion (charged particles) multiplicity ratio are analyzed, assuming that the reaction occurs in some nonextensive environment. The values of the corresponding nonextensivity parameters were found to be similar, strongly indicating the existence of a common mechanism behind all these observables.

Threshold speed for two-dimensional confinement of charged particles in certain axisymmetric magnetic fields

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kabin ◽  
G. Kalugin ◽  
E. Spanswick ◽  
E. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Critical Speed ◽  
Longitudinal Magnetic Field ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Transcendental Equation ◽  
Power Exponent ◽  
Magnetic Field Magnitude ◽  
The Magnetic Field

In this paper we discuss conditions under which charged particles are confined by an axisymmetric longitudinal magnetic field with power law dependence on the radius. We derive a transcendental equation for the critical speed corresponding to the threshold between bounded and unbounded trajectories of the particles. This threshold speed shows strong dependence on the direction, and this dependence becomes more prominent as the exponent of the power law increases. The equation for threshold speed can be solved exactly for several specific values of the power exponent, but in general it requires a numerical treatment. Remarkably, if the magnetic field magnitude decreases more slowly than the inverse of the radius, charged particles remain confined no matter how large their energies may be.

scholarly journals Ultraintense Laser-Driven Nonthermal Acceleration of Charged Particles in the Near-QED Regime

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulong Hu ◽  
Baifei Shen ◽  
Jiancai Xu ◽  
Yasuhiro Kuramitsu ◽  
Hideaki Takabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Laser Intensity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Radiation Reaction ◽  
Intense Laser ◽  
Acceleration Process ◽  
Qed Regime ◽  
Power Law Index

Abstract Here, we have studied the nonthermal acceleration of energetic electrons/protons under the near-QED regime by extending the laser intensity beyond 1023 W/cm2 based on a two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. The radiation-reaction (RR) effect plays a critical role and brings a quantum stochastic effect to the charged-particle acceleration process. Background electrons in plasma are accelerated in an intense laser field to several GeVs with strong oscillations and thus radiate γ-ray photons. The emitting γ-photons have a broad energy spectrum with maximal energy up to 3 GeV and result in radiation-reaction trapping of the electrons, forming a relativistic plasma bunch in the plasma channel. The accumulation of electrons and protons produces a charge-separation field for the acceleration/deceleration of charged particles. The accelerated electrons have a nonthermal spectrum with a power-law index of 1.5 with a laser intensity 1023 W/cm2 lower than that in the non-QED regime. As the laser intensity further increases over 1024 W/cm2, the power-law index further drops to 1.2. Moreover, the energy spectrum of accelerated protons has a nonthermal distribution with a power-law index of 0.7, which is much lower than that of electrons in the near-QED regime.

MOTION OF CHARGED PARTICLES AROUND A FIVE-DIMENSIONAL ROTATING MAGNETIZED BLACK HOLE

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (08) ◽  
pp. 1369-1379
Author(s):  
R. KAYA
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Effective Potential ◽  
Equatorial Plane ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Circular Motion ◽  
Test Particles ◽  
Jacobi Formalism ◽  
The Stability

We study the effect of an external magnetic field on the stability of circular motion of charged particles in the equatorial plane of a five-dimensional rotating black hole. Using the Hamilton–Jacobi formalism, we derive the effective potential for the radial motion of test particles around a five-dimensional magnetized Myers–Perry black hole. We show that there exist stable circular orbits in equatorial planes in the background of this metric.

scholarly journals Slowing down of charged particles in dusty plasmas with power-law kappa-distributions

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiulin Du ◽  
Ran Guo ◽  
Zhipeng Liu ◽  
Songtao Du
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Dusty Plasmas ◽  
Slowing Down
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