scholarly journals Meconium Indicators of Maternal Alcohol Abuse during Pregnancy and Association with Patient Characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamme W. Goecke ◽  
Pascal Burger ◽  
Peter A. Fasching ◽  
Abdulsallam Bakdash ◽  
Anne Engel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Glucuronide ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Drinking Status ◽  
Maternal Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Abuse During Pregnancy ◽  
Higher Doses

Aim. Identification of women with moderate alcohol abuse during pregnancy is difficult. We correlated self-reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy and patient characteristics with objective alcohol indicators measured in fetal meconium.Methods. A total of 557 women singleton births and available psychological tests, obstetric data and meconium samples were included in statistical analysis. Alcohol metabolites (fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG)), were determined from meconium and correlated with patient characteristics.Results. We found that 21.2% of the 557 participants admitted low-to-moderate alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Of the parameters analyzed from meconium, only EtG showed an association with alcohol history (P<0.01). This association was inverse in cases with EtG value above 120 ng/g. These values indicate women with most severe alcohol consumption, who obviously denied having consumed alcohol during pregnancy. No other associations between socioeconomic or psychological characteristics and the drinking status (via meconium alcohol metabolites) could be found.Conclusion. Women who drink higher doses of ethanol during pregnancy, according to metabolite measures in meconium, might be less likely to admit alcohol consumption. No profile of socioeconomic or psychological characteristics of those women positively tested via meconium could be established.

Biomarkers of Alcohol Consumption in Body Fluids - Possibilities and Limitations of Application in Toxicological Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kacper Woźniak ◽  
Marek Wiergowski ◽  
Jacek Namieśnik ◽  
Marek Biziuk
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Glucuronide ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Analytical Toxicology ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Toxicological Analysis

Background:Ethyl alcohol is the most popular legal drug, but its excessive consumption causes social problems. Despite many public campaigns against alcohol use, car accidents, instances of aggressive behaviour, sexual assaults and deterioration in labor productivity caused by inebriated people is still commonplace. Fast and easy diagnosis of alcohol consumption is required in order to introduce proper and effective therapy, and is crucial in forensic toxicology analysis. The easiest method to prove alcohol intake is determination of ethanol in body fluids or in breath. However, since ethanol is rapidly metabolized in the human organism, only recent consumption can be detected using this method. Because of that, the determination of alcohol biomarkers was introduced for monitoring alcohol consumption over a wider range of time.Objective:The objective of this study was to review published studies focusing on the sample preparation methods and chromatographic or biochemical techniques for the determination of alcohol biomarkers in whole blood, plasma, serum and urine.Methods:An electronic literature search was performed to discuss possibilities and limitations of application of alcohol biomarkers in toxicological analysis.Results:Authors described the markers of alcohol consumption such as: ethanol, its nonoxidative metabolites (ethyl glucuronide, ethyl sulfate, phosphatidylethanol, ethyl phosphate, fatty acid ethyl esters) and oxidative metabolites (acetaldehyde and acetaldehyde adducts). We also discussed issues concerning the detection window of these biomarkers, and possibilities and limitations of their use in routine analytical toxicology for monitoring alcohol consumption or sobriety during alcohol therapy.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a method for the simultaneous analysis of fatty acid ethyl esters, ethyl sulfate and ethyl glucuronide in neonatal meconium: application in two cases of alcohol consumption during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 413 (11) ◽  
pp. 3093-3105
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kacper Woźniak ◽  
Laura Banaszkiewicz ◽  
Justyna Aszyk ◽  
Marek Wiergowski ◽  
Iwona Jańczewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Glucuronide ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Ethyl Sulfate ◽  
Analytical Approaches

AbstractAlcohol consumption during pregnancy constitutes one of the leading preventable causes of birth defects and neurodevelopmental disorders in the exposed children. Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) have been studied as potential biomarkers of alcohol consumption. However, most analytical approaches proposed for their analysis in meconium samples consist of separated extraction procedures requiring the use of two meconium aliquots, which is costly in terms of both time and materials. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a method for the simultaneous extraction of 9 FAEEs, EtG and EtS from one meconium aliquot. The sample was homogenized using methanol, and then FAEEs were extracted with hexane while EtG and EtS were isolated using acetonitrile. Then, extracts were applied to solid-phase extraction columns and analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (FAEEs) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (EtG and EtS). Calibration curves were linear with r values greater than 0.99. The LODs ranged from 0.8 to 7.5 ng/g for FAEEs and were 0.2 ng/g and 0.8 ng/g for EtS and EtG, respectively. LOQs ranged from 5 to 25 ng/g for FAEEs and were 1 ng/g and 2.5 ng/g for EtS and EtG, respectively. Accuracies and precisions were between 93.8 and 107% and between 3.5 and 9.7%, respectively. The recovery values ranged from 89.1 to 109%. The method proved to be sensitive, specific, simple and fast and allowed for the reduction of the amount of organic solvent used for extraction compared to other published data while higher recoveries were obtained. The method was used for analysis of meconium samples in two cases of mothers who were consuming alcohol during pregnancy.

Detecting alcohol abuse: traditional blood alcohol markers compared to ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) measurement in hair

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hastedt ◽  
Mara Büchner ◽  
Michael Rothe ◽  
René Gapert ◽  
Sieglinde Herre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Glucuronide ◽  
Blood Alcohol

scholarly journals Clinical Sensitivity and Specificity of Meconium Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester, Ethyl Glucuronide, and Ethyl Sulfate for Detecting Maternal Drinking during Pregnancy

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K Himes ◽  
Kimberly A Dukes ◽  
Tara Tripp ◽  
Julie M Petersen ◽  
Cheri Raffo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ethyl Glucuronide ◽  
Ethyl Sulfate ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity

Abstract BACKGROUND We investigated agreement between self-reported prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and objective meconium alcohol markers to determine the optimal meconium marker and threshold for identifying PAE. METHODS Meconium fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), ethyl glucuronide (EtG), and ethyl sulfate (EtS) were quantified by LC-MS/MS in 0.1 g meconium from infants of Safe Passage Study participants. Detailed PAE information was collected from women with a validated timeline follow-back interview. Because meconium formation begins during weeks 12–20, maternal self-reported drinking at or beyond 19 weeks was our exposure variable. RESULTS Of 107 women, 33 reported no alcohol consumption in pregnancy, 16 stopped drinking by week 19, and 58 drank beyond 19 weeks (including 45 third-trimester drinkers). There was moderate to substantial agreement between self-reported PAE at ≥19 weeks and meconium EtG ≥30 ng/g (κ = 0.57, 95% CI 0.41–0.73). This biomarker and associated cutoff was superior to a 7 FAEE sum ≥2 nmol/g and all other individual and combination marker cutoffs. With meconium EtG ≥30 ng/g as the gold standard condition and maternal self-report at ≥19 weeks' gestation as the test condition, 82% clinical sensitivity (95% CI 71.6–92.0) and 75% specificity (95% CI 63.2–86.8) were observed. A significant dose–concentration relationship between self-reported drinks per drinking day and meconium EtG ≥30 ng/g also was observed (all P &lt; 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Maternal alcohol consumption at ≥19 weeks was better represented by meconium EtG ≥30 ng/g than currently used FAEE cutoffs.

Glycoconjugates in the detection of alcohol abuse

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Napoleon Waszkiewicz ◽  
Sławomir Dariusz Szajda ◽  
Alina Kępka ◽  
Agata Szulc ◽  
Krzysztof Zwierz
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Glucuronide ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Apolipoprotein J ◽  
Oxidative Metabolites ◽  
Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin ◽  
History Of

Up to 30% of all hospital admissions and health-care costs may be attributable to alcohol abuse. Ethanol, its oxidative metabolites, acetaldehyde and ROS (reactive oxygen species), non-oxidative metabolites of alcohol [e.g. FAEEs (fatty acid ethyl esters)] and the ethanol–water competition mechanism are all involved in the deregulation of glycoconjugate (glycoprotein, glycolipid and proteoglycan) metabolic processes including biosynthesis, modification, transport, secretion, elimination and catabolism. An increasing number of new alcohol biomarkers that are the result of alcohol-induced glycoconjugate metabolic errors have appeared in the literature. Glycoconjugate-related alcohol markers are involved in, or are a product of, altered glycoconjugate metabolism, e.g. CDT (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin), SA (sialic acid), plasma SIJ (SA index of apolipoprotein J), CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein), β-HEX (β-hexosaminidase), dolichol, EtG (ethyl glucuronide) etc. Laboratory tests based on changes in glycoconjugate metabolism are useful in settings where the co-operativeness of the patient is impaired (e.g. driving while intoxicated) or when a history of alcohol use is not available (e.g. after trauma). In clinical practice, glycoconjugate markers of alcohol use/abuse let us distinguish alcoholic from non-alcoholic tissue damage, having important implications for the treatment and management of diseases.

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