scholarly journals Intestinal Parasites of Owned Dogs and Cats from Metropolitan and Micropolitan Areas: Prevalence, Zoonotic Risks, and Pet Owner Awareness in Northern Italy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Aurelio Zanzani ◽  
Alessia Libera Gazzonis ◽  
Paola Scarpa ◽  
Federica Berrilli ◽  
Maria Teresa Manfredi
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
Pet Owner

Intestinal parasites of dogs and cats are cosmopolitan pathogens with zoonotic potential for humans. Our investigation considered their diffusion in dogs and cats from northern Italy areas, specifically the metropolitan area of Milan and two micropolitan areas of neighboring provinces. It included the study of the level of awareness in pet owners of the zoonotic potential from these parasites. A total of 409 fresh fecal samples were collected from household dogs and cats for copromicroscopic analysis and detection ofGiardia duodenaliscoproantigens. The assemblages ofGiardiawere also identified. A questionnaire about intestinal parasites biology and zoonotic potential was submitted to 185 pet owners. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites resulted higher in cats (47.37%−60.42%) and dogs (57.41%−43.02%) from micropolitan areas than that from the metropolis of Milan (dogs:P=28.16%; cats:P=32.58%). The zoonotic parasites infecting pets under investigation wereT. canisandT. cati,T. vulpis, Ancylostomatidae, andG. duodenalisassemblage A. Only 49.19% of pet owners showed to be aware of the risks for human health from canine and feline intestinal parasites. Parasitological results in pets and awareness determination in their owners clearly highlight how the role of veterinarians is important in indicating correct and widespread behaviors to reduce risks of infection for pets and humans in urban areas.

scholarly journals Canine Fecal Contamination in a Metropolitan Area (Milan, North-Western Italy): Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Evaluation of Health Risks

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Aurelio Zanzani ◽  
Anna Rita Di Cerbo ◽  
Alessia Libera Gazzonis ◽  
Marco Genchi ◽  
Laura Rinaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
North Western

Intestinal parasites of dogs represent a serious threat to human health due to their zoonotic potential. Thus, metropolitan areas presenting high concentrations of pets and urban fecal contamination on public areas are at sanitary risk. Major aim of this survey was to determine prevalence of zoonotic parasites in dog fecal samples collected from public soil of Milan (north-western Italy). Differences in parasites prevalence distribution were explored by a geographical information system- (GIS-) based approach, and risk factors (human density, sizes of green parks, and dog areas) were considered. The metropolitan area was divided into 157 rectangular subareas and sampling was performed following a 1-kilometer straight transect. A total of 463 fecal samples were analyzed using centrifugation-flotation technique and ELISA to detectGiardiaandCryptosporidiumcoproantigens. A widespread fecal contamination of soil was highlighted, being fecal samples found in 86.8% of the subareas considered. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 16.63%. Zoonotic parasites were found, such asTrichuris vulpis(3.67%),Toxocara canis(1.72%),Strongyloides stercoralis(0.86%), Ancylostomatidae (0.43%), andDipylidium caninum(0.43%).Giardia duodenaliswas the most prevalent zoonotic protozoa (11.06%), followed byCryptosporidium(1.10%). Faeces from subareas characterized by broad green areas showed to be particularly prone to infection.

scholarly journals One Health Approach to Zoonotic Parasites: Molecular Detection of Intestinal Protozoans in an Urban Population of Norway Rats, Rattus norvegicus, in Barcelona, Spain

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
María Teresa Galán-Puchades ◽  
María Trelis ◽  
Sandra Sáez-Durán ◽  
Susana Cifre ◽  
Carla Gosálvez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
One Health ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Norway Rat ◽  
The One ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
Norway Rats

Rattus norvegicus, the brown or Norway rat, is the most abundant mammal after humans in urban areas, where they live in close proximity to people. Among rodent-borne diseases, the reservoir role of Norway rats of zoonotic parasites in cities has practically been ignored. Considering the parasitic diseases in the One Health approach, we intended to identify and quantify the zoonotic intestinal protozoans (ZIP) in an urban population of R. norvegicus in the city of Barcelona, Spain. We studied the presence of ZIP in 100 rats trapped in parks (n = 15) as well as in the city’s sewage system (n = 85) in the winter of 2016/17. The protozoans were molecularly identified by means of a multiplex PCR (AllplexTM Gastrointestinal Panel-Parasite Assay). We also investigated the presence of co-infections among the species found. Four ZIP were identified, presenting significant prevalences in sewers, specifically Blastocystis (83.5%), Giardia duodenalis (37.7%), Cryptosporidium spp. (34.1%), and Dientamoeba fragilis (14.1%). Several co-infections among the detected ZIP were also detected. The reservoir role of ZIP that Norway rats play in cities as well as the role rats may play as sentinels of zoonotic parasites affecting humans in urban areas are strongly backed up by our findings. The increasing worldwide urbanization, climate change, and the COVID-19 pandemic are factors that are producing an increase in human–rat interactions. Our results should be considered a warning to the authorities to intensify rat control and surveillance in public health interventions.

scholarly journals Role of dogs in contamination of urban environment with causes of parasitic zoonoses

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 377-383
Author(s):  
Ivan Pavlovic ◽  
Zoran Kulisic ◽  
Slavisa Djurdjevic ◽  
Zorana Misic ◽  
Jana Momcilovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Parasitic Zoonoses ◽  
The One ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

Dogs belong to the group of animals that were the first to be domesticated. They live in cohabitation with humans and share their environment much more intimately than any other animal specie. The close contact between strays and pets, on the one side, and the pollution of urban areas with the feces of these animals, on the other, close the chain of infection with parasites, which jeopardizes also human health in the final link of that chain. Dogs are carriers and the true hosts to large numbers of species of zoonotic parasites - Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, Echinoccocus granulosus, Dipyllidium caninum, Toxocara canis, Ancylostomidae spp. and others, whose eggs or other developmental forms they eliminate into the environment through feces. The increase in the number of cases of toxocarosis in humans (syndrome of visceral larvae migrans), ancylostomosis (cutanea larvae migrans), hydatidosis, toxoplasmosis, or cryptosporidiosis are the best indicators of these relations. In order to resolve this problem, it is necessary to conduct systematic investigations of their parasitic fauna with the maximum cooperation of the animal owners, compulsory health education of the population in the area of the diseases that are transferred from animals to humans, and, certainly, carrying out the dehelminthization of dogs.

Endoparasite infection hotspots in Estonian urban areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tull ◽  
E. Moks ◽  
L. Laurimaa ◽  
M. Keis ◽  
K. Süld
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Apartment House ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Human Animal Bond ◽  
One Year ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

Abstract The human–animal bond is beneficial for human health, but companion animals also pose a potential threat as vectors of zoonotic parasites, especially in urban areas where both human and dog densities are high. However, the knowledge about parasitic spillover in the urban environment is relatively scarce. The aim of the present study was to reveal which factors determine parasitic contamination in Estonian towns and provide up-to-date information about intestinal parasites of the Estonian dog population. In total, 657 samples of dog excrement was collected over one year of investigation from five towns in Estonia. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate factors predicting infection risk in urban areas. In general, infection risk and intensity models predicted higher infection with endoparasites for small dogs in smaller towns, especially in apartment-house districts and in potential hazard zones. Helminth eggs and Giardia/Cystoisospora oocysts were detected in 64 samples, with an overall prevalence of 9.8%.

High prevalence of intestinal zoonotic parasites in dogs from Belgrade, Serbia — Short communication

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Nikolić ◽  
Sanda Dimitrijević ◽  
Sofija Katić-Radivojević ◽  
Ivana Klun ◽  
Branko Bobić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Working Dogs ◽  
Baseline Knowledge ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
Military Working Dogs

To identify areas of risk for canine-related zoonoses in Serbia, the aim of this study was to provide baseline knowledge about intestinal parasites in 151 dogs (65 household pets, 75 stray and 11 military working dogs) from Belgrade. The following parasites, with their respective prevalences, were detected: Giardia duodenalis (14.6%), Ancylostomatidae (24.5%), Toxocara canis (30.5%), Trichuris vulpis (47.0%) and Taenia -type helminths (6.6%). Of all examined dogs, 75.5% (114/151) were found to harbour at least one parasite species. Of these, mixed infections with up to four species per dog occurred in 44.7% (51/114). Infections with all detected species were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in military working (100%) and stray dogs (93.3%) versus household pets (50.8%). Among all parasites, agents with zoonotic potential including Giardia , Ancylostomatidae and Toxocara were detected in 58.3% (88/151) of all examined dogs with a significant difference (p < 0.05) among the subgroups (100%, 62.7% and 46.2% for military working dogs, stray dogs and household pets, respectively). The high prevalence of zoonotic parasites registered in the dog population from a highly urban area in south-eastern Europe indicates a potential risk to human health. Thus, veterinarians should play an important role in helping to prevent or minimise zoonotic transmission.

scholarly journals Soil contamination by zoonotic parasites in leisure areas: an integrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Braga Araújo ◽  
Bruna Yasmin Teixeira Silva ◽  
Tania Maria Basílio Quezado de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

Enteropasites are a risk to both human and animal health, and soil is an important route for their propagation and perpetuation, due to the easy animal  access to leisure environments. Furthermore, the contamination of these areas is a public health problem, due to the high number of people who visit these places and can acquire these parasitoses. The purpose of this study was to research information described in the scientific literature on the prevalenceof parasites with zoonotic potential in leisure areas, their distribution and associated factors. This is an integrative review of the literature in which scientific studies on parasites of zoonotic potential in leisure areas were selected from the Virtual Health Library, with MEDLINE and LILACS as its database, in addition to PUBMED, SCIELO and “Periódicos Capes” published between 2010 and 2020 in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Eleven articles were selectedfrom the 494 found after applying criteria for inclusion, exclusion and content evaluation. Ancylostoma spp. and Toxocara spp. proved to be widely distributed, and soil contamination by parasites is directly linked to the presence of animals in these environments, due to their feces and favorable environmental conditions.KEY WORDS: intestinal parasites; zoonoses; environmental contamination; public health.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR TYPING OF Giardia duodenalis ISOLATES FROM NONHUMAN PRIMATES HOUSED IN A BRAZILIAN ZOO

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Boarato David ◽  
Mariella Patti ◽  
Silvana Torossian Coradi ◽  
Teresa Cristina Goulart Oliveira-Sequeira ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Alouatta Seniculus ◽  
Alouatta Caraya ◽  
Ateles Belzebuth

Giardia infections in captive nonhuman primates (NHP) housed at a Brazilian zoo were investigated in order to address their zoonotic potential. Fresh fecal samples were collected from the floors of 22 enclosures where 47 primates of 18 different species were housed. The diagnosis of intestinal parasites after concentration by sedimentation and flotation methods revealed the following parasites and their frequencies: Giardia (18%); Entamoeba spp. (18%); Endolimax nana (4.5%); Iodamoeba spp. (4.5%); Oxyurid (4.5%) and Strongylid (4.5%). Genomic DNA extracted from all samples was processed by PCR methods in order to amplify fragments of gdh and tpi genes of Giardia. Amplicons were obtained from samples of Ateles belzebuth, Alouatta caraya, Alouatta fusca and Alouatta seniculus. Clear sequences were only obtained for the isolates from Ateles belzebuth (BA1), Alouatta fusca (BA2) and Alouatta caraya (BA3). According to the phenetic analyses of these sequences, all were classified as assemblage A. For the tpi gene, all three isolates were grouped into sub-assemblage AII (BA1, BA2 and BA3) whereas for the gdh gene, only BA3 was sub-assemblage AII, and the BA1 and BA2 were sub-assemblage AI. Considering the zoonotic potential of the assemblage A, and that the animals of the present study show no clinical signs of infection, the data obtained here stresses that regular coproparasitological surveys are necessary to implement preventive measures and safeguard the health of the captive animals, of their caretakers and of people visiting the zoological gardens.

scholarly journals Parasitic Intestinal Protists of Zoonotic Relevance Detected in Pigs by Metabarcoding and Real-Time PCR

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1189
Author(s):  
Christen Rune Stensvold ◽  
Kateřina Jirků-Pomajbíková ◽  
Katrine Wegener Tams ◽  
Pikka Jokelainen ◽  
Rebecca P. K. D. Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Entamoeba Polecki

Several parasite species are shared between humans and pigs. We explored the application of next-generation sequencing-based metabarcoding supplemented with real-time PCR to fecal DNAs from 259 samples from 116 pigs in Denmark to detect and differentiate single-celled intestinal parasites of zoonotic relevance. Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Balantioides coli, and Giardia duodenalis were observed in 34/37 (92%), 148/259 (57%), and 86/259 (33%) samples, respectively. Entamoeba polecki ST1, E. polecki ST3, and Entamoeba hartmanni were detected in 104/259 (40%), 161/259 (62%), and 8/259 (3%) samples, respectively. Metabarcoding and real-time PCR detected Cryptosporidium in 90/259 (35%) and 239/259 (92%) of the samples, respectively, with Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium scrofarum observed in nearly equal proportions. Blastocystis subtypes 1, 3, 5, and 15 were found in 72 (28%), 6 (2%), 176 (68%), and 36 (14%) of 259 samples, respectively. Iodamoeba was identified in 1/259 samples (<1%), while none of 37 tested samples was positive for Dientamoeba fragilis. Our results illustrate how metabarcoding exemplifies a ‘one-fits-many’ approach to detecting intestinal single-celled parasites in feces supplemented with real-time PCR for selected parasites. Using metabarcoding with pathogen-specific assays may help detect emerging and previously underdetected pathogens and further elucidate the role of micro-eukaryotic parasites in human and animal health and disease.

scholarly journals A 3D Geodatabase for Urban Underground Infrastructures: Implementation and Application to Groundwater Management in Milan Metropolitan Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Davide Sartirana ◽  
Marco Rotiroti ◽  
Chiara Zanotti ◽  
Tullia Bonomi ◽  
Letizia Fumagalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Groundwater Management ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Private Car

The recent rapid increase in urbanization has led to the inclusion of underground spaces in urban planning policies. Among the main subsurface resources, a strong interaction between underground infrastructures and groundwater has emerged in many urban areas in the last few decades. Thus, listing the underground infrastructures is necessary to structure an urban conceptual model for groundwater management needs. Starting from a municipal cartography (Open Data), thus making the procedure replicable, a GIS methodology was proposed to gather all the underground infrastructures into an updatable 3D geodatabase (GDB) for the metropolitan city of Milan (Northern Italy). The underground volumes occupied by three categories of infrastructures were included in the GDB: (a) private car parks, (b) public car parks and (c) subway lines and stations. The application of the GDB allowed estimating the volumes lying below groundwater table in four periods, detected as groundwater minimums or maximums from the piezometric trend reconstructions. Due to groundwater rising or local hydrogeological conditions, the shallowest, non-waterproofed underground infrastructures were flooded in some periods considered. This was evaluated in a specific pilot area and qualitatively confirmed by local press and photographic documentation reviews. The methodology emerged as efficient for urban planning, particularly for urban conceptual models and groundwater management plans definition.

scholarly journals Transformasi Wilayah Kepulauan di Metropolitan Jakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-195
Author(s):  
Hafidz Wibisono ◽  
Azis Musthofa ◽  
Muhammad Eka Kusuma ◽  
Indrawan Haryanto
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Metropolitan Development ◽  
Regional Transformation ◽  
Peripheral Areas

Jakarta Metropolitan Area (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, South Tangerang and Bekasi) has experienced rapid development, especially in the past 30 years. Jakarta Metropolitan Development has triggered conversion of agricultural land to urban areas and the development of settlements, especially in the periphery areas. Numerous studies have discussed how the process of transformation of peripheral areas located in the mainland region. However, there is still limited research which discusses the transformation of Kepulauan Seribu Regency, as one of the periphery of Jakarta metropolitan. This study aims to identify the process of regional transformation in Kepulauan Seribu Regency and elaborating on its role of as a periphery of Jakarta Metropolitan Area as well as limitations of regional development in Kepulauan Seribu Regency as an archipelagic region. The study used qualitative method by using a  secondary data and literature studies. This study found that the transformation process in Kepulauan Seribu Regency has not occurred significantly, but an indication of the transformation of Kepulauan Seribu Regency as a tourism-based trade and service area has been identified. On the other hand, limited access and land oriented policies are some of the things that could make the transformation of this area would not as rapid as other periphery in the mainland.

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