scholarly journals The Effect of Mass Media Campaign on the Use of Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets among Pregnant Women in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ankomah ◽  
S. B. Adebayo ◽  
E. D. Arogundade ◽  
J. Anyanti ◽  
E. Nwokolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
Insecticide Treated Bed Nets ◽  
The Impact

Background. Malaria during pregnancy is a major public health problem in Nigeria especially in malaria-endemic areas. It increases the risk of low birth weight and child/maternal morbidity/mortality. This paper addresses the impact of radio campaigns on the use of insecticide-treated bed nets among pregnant women in Nigeria. Methods. A total of 2,348 pregnant women were interviewed during the survey across 21 of Nigeria’s 36 states. Respondents were selected through a multistage sampling technique. Analysis was based on multivariate logistic regression. Results. Respondents who knew that sleeping under ITN prevents malaria were 3.2 times more likely to sleep under net (OR: 3.15; 95% CI: 2.28 to 4.33; P<0.0001). Those who listened to radio are also about 1.6 times more likely to use ITN (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.28; P=0.020), while respondents who had heard of a specific sponsored radio campaign on ITN are 1.53 times more likely to use a bed net (P=0.019). Conclusion. Pregnant women who listened to mass media campaigns were more likely to adopt strategies to protect themselves from malaria. Therefore, behavior change communication messages that are aimed at promoting net use and antenatal attendance are necessary in combating malaria.

Use of insecticide-treated nets by pregnant and childbearing-age women: Action research in Southern Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ekpoanwan Esienumoh ◽  
Margaret Mboho ◽  
Akon Ndiok
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Childbearing Age

Background/Aims Malaria in pregnancy is a major public health problem in Nigeria, along with high maternal morbidity, and fetal and neonatal mortality rates. Strategies for the control of malaria include the use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs). Although some agencies distribute ITNs free of charge, some nets are not being used appropriately by pregnant women and other women of childbearing age. This study sought to empower pregnant women and women of childbearing age to take action to prevent malaria through the proper use of ITNs. Methods An action research design was used, which comprises cycles of fact-finding, planning and action, and reflection and evaluation. In collaboration with the action research group, 26 pregnant women or women of childbearing age were interviewed to gain an understanding of their perception of malaria and their use of ITNs. Seven community health extension workers and two primary health care coordinators were also interviewed. Observation sessions were held with eight women in their vegetable farms. Two focus group discussions were held with eight midwives and seven husbands. A total of 71 general participants and 13 action research group members were involved in the study. Data were thematically analysed and emphasis was laid on data that would promote learning and change. Conclusions The study revealed poor knowledge of the cause of malaria, non-compliance with the proper use of ITNs, diversionary use of ITNs and poor health intervention monitoring. Actions undertaken to empower the women towards the effective use of ITNs included community education, prenatal education, and advocacy discussions with government and relevant non-governmental agencies. Experiences gained from the study were reviewed and consolidated, and sustainability of actions planned.

Why It Is Difficult to Eradicate Malaria in Sub-Sahara Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-285
Author(s):  
Ali Arazeem Abdullahi ◽  
Anas Danasabe Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Test ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Test Apparatus ◽  
First Line ◽  
International Donor ◽  
Donor Agencies ◽  
Insecticide Treated Bed Nets ◽  
First Time

Abstract Malaria is a major public health problem in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). First-time pregnant mothers and children below the age of five are the most vulnerable. Governments of the region have relied on both local and international donor agencies to fight against malaria where emphasis has been on financial interventions, provision and distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs), provision of rapid-test apparatus, and drugs for first line treatment. However, the impacts of local and global efforts have been minimally felt as the burden of malaria continues unabated. The rate of malaria infections is still apocalyptically alarming. This article argues that the reason why cases and deaths attributable to malaria continue to rise is because wrong approaches are used in the so-called broad fight against malaria. Based on the assumptions of the epidemiological triangle model, the web of causation and social determinants of health, the article argues that for countries in SSA to effectively fight malaria, the nexus between the agent, host, and environment must be acknowledged. It is constructively argued that efforts to tame the scourge of malaria in SSA would be in futility where the environmental factors that produce the breeding ground for malaria are not adequately addressed. European and American experiences are compared to sufficiently substantiate this line of argument.

scholarly journals Determinants of Anemia in Pregnancy: Findings from the Ethiopian Health and Demographic Survey

Anemia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ataklti Gebretsadik Woldegebriel ◽  
Gebremedhin Gebregziabiher Gebrehiwot ◽  
Abraham Aregay Desta ◽  
Kiros Fenta Ajemu ◽  
Asfawosen Aregay Berhe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anemia During Pregnancy

In Ethiopia, anemia during pregnancy is a major public health problem and affects both the mother’s and their child’s health. There is a scarcity of community-based evidence on determinants of anemia among pregnant women in the country. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the determinants of anemia among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Method. This study was based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) that used a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3080 pregnant women. Data analysis was done using STATA v.14. Variables with P value <0.05 in the bivariate analysis were candidates for the multivariable analysis to identify independent determinants of anemia among pregnant mothers. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated at 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The overall prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 41% of which 20% were moderately anemic, 18%, mildly anemic, and 3%, severely anemic. The following were significantly associated with anemia during pregnancy: an age of 30–39 years, receiving no education (AOR = 2.19; 95% CI 1.45, 2.49), belonging to the poorest wealth quintile (AOR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.22, 1.60), being a Muslim (AOR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.69, 2.65), number of house members being 4–6 (AOR = 1.44; 95% CI 1.05, 1.97), number of under-five children being two (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.10, 1.97), head of the household being a female (AOR = 2.02; 95% CI 1.61, 2.54), current pregnancy wanted later (AOR = 1.75; 95% CI 1.23, 1.63), no terminated pregnancy (AOR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.15, 1.93), and an age of 13–17 years at the first sexual intercourse (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI 1.291, 3.00). Conclusions. The study revealed that more than one-third of the pregnant women in Ethiopia were found anemic. Its prevalence varied among regions in which the highest (62.7%) and the lowest (11.9%) were from Somali and Addis Ababa, respectively. Hence, efforts should be made by concerned bodies to intervene in terms of the identified risk factors.

scholarly journals IMPLICATIONS OF LONG-LASTING INSECTICIDE-TREATED BED NETS (LLINs) FOR MALARIA CONTROL AND PREVENTION IN SOMALIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
A. S. Omar ◽  
B. Son ◽  
F. Wambalaba
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Insecticide Treated Bed Nets

In Sub-Saharan Africa, bed nets are mainly aimed at the prevention of the nuisance of mosquito biting rather than against malaria.  The species that are involved in malaria infection are all present in Somalia with the leading one being Plasmodium falciparum that causes about 98% of all infections in the country. This alarming spread of malaria underscores the need to develop interventions that can effectively curb the malaria menace. This study sought to examine the implications of the utilization of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets (LLINs) for malaria control and prevention. The population constituted 1,100 pregnant women attending MCH clinics and the two thousand two hundred heads of households, totalling three thousand three hundred. A simple random sampling technique was used to obtain a representative sample of households. In surveying 110 pregnant women attending Maternal Child Health (MCH) clinics and 220 heads of households in the Belet Hawo district in Somalia in 2019, the study found that the majority of households knew the effect of LLINs on preventing malaria. They were also knowledgeable about how to control malaria while facing limited access to LLINs. Furthermore, LLIN usage helped households to raise awareness and knowledge about the effect of LLINs on preventing malaria. This study provided the Somalian government with a better understanding of the causes, control, and prevention of malaria.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal dynamics of schistosomiasis in Rwanda between 2001 and 2012: impact of the national Neglected Tropical Disease control programme

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Nyandwi ◽  
Tom Veldkamp ◽  
Frank Badu Osei ◽  
Sherif Amer
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

Schistosomiasis is recognised as a major public health problem in Rwanda. We aimed to identify the spatio-temporal dynamics of its distribution at a fine-scale spatial resolution and to explore the impact of control programme interventions. Incidence data of Schistosoma mansoni infection at 367 health facilities were obtained for the period 2001-2012. Disease cluster analyses were conducted using spatial scan statistics and geographic information systems. The impact of control interventions was assessed for three distinct sub-periods. Findings demonstrated persisting, emerging and re-emerging clusters of schistosomiasis infection across space and time. The control programme initially caused an abrupt increase in incidence rates during its implementation phase. However, this was followed by declining and disappearing clusters when the programme was fully in place. The findings presented should contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of schistosomiasis distribution to be used when implementing future control activities, including prevention and elimination efforts.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in rural Koppal: a study from teaching hospital, Koppal, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema B. N.
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Anemia is the nutritional deficiency disorder and 56% of all women living in developing countries are anaemic according to World Health Organization. India has the highest prevalence of anaemia and 20% of total maternal deaths are due to anemia. To determine the prevalence of anemia and factors influencing its causation among pregnant women.           Methods: This is the study of 1769 pregnant women which was conducted in a rural population of Koppal district, Karnataka, India, from June 2016 to November 2016 i.e. a period of 6 months. This longitudinal prospective observational study was conducted in the district hospital of Koppal. Anemia was classified as per the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) criteria. The diagnosis of anemia was undertaken by peripheral blood smear examination and standard hemoglobin estimation by shale’s method.Results: The average age of pregnant women was 23.5 years, ranging between 18 and 40 years. Most of the women belonged to below poverty line (BPL) families (84.6%) and Hindu religion (98%). Regarding education, 28.9% were illiterates. The mean haemoglobin level was found to be 8.95. Prevalence of anemia was 96.5% among the pregnant females in this region of rural Koppal. Out of these 22.47% had mild anemia, 56.30% had moderate anemia, 14.98% had severe anemia and 2.73% very severe anemia according to ICMR classification of anemia.Conclusions: High prevalence of anemia among pregnant women indicates anemia to be a major public health problem in the rural community and indicates strict implementation of National Nutrition Anemia prophylaxis programme. Factors such as socioeconomic status, education, birth interval, and gravida contribute to this high prevalence.

scholarly journals SQoF-WEAR Project. The Use of Wearable Devices to Identify the Impact of Stress on Workers’ Quality of Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Patricia Concheiro-Moscoso ◽  
Betania Groba ◽  
Sílvia Monteiro-Fonseca ◽  
Nereida Canosa ◽  
Cristina Queirós
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: Stress is a major public health problem due to its relevant health, social and economic repercussions. Moreover, stress can be associated with work; when stress increases over time, burnout can occur, an occupational phenomenon recognized by the WHO in 2019. There is interest in the use of wearable devices to monitor and control stressors and their influence on the condition of workers. This study aims to identify the level of job stress and its influence on the quality of life of workers. (2) Methods:This longitudinal study was carried out between the end of May and mid-July 2021. Three assessment tools along with a daily and a weekly questionnaire were computerized through the RedCap platform. The participants had to fill out the diary and weekly questionnaires and wear a Xiaomi Mi Band 5 during the project. (3) Results and discussion: Thirty-six workers from the University of Coruña and from the University of Porto participated in the project. This study promotes the awareness of workers regarding their work stress and the influence of this factor on their quality of life using physiological (e.g., activity, sleep, and heart rate) and psychological indicators (self-report questionnaires in different moments).

scholarly journals Update on the drug-food interactions

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Hafid Bahri ◽  
◽  
Abdelkader Douaoui ◽  
Moufida Gharbi ◽  
Djamila Amroun
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Interaction ◽  
The Impact

Drug interactions are a major public health problem, which partly attributed to some 10,000 deaths/year in Canada. Besides the interactions between two drugs, drug interactions are also due to the effect of other substances such as foods or nutrients. The drug-food interaction will be pharmacokinetic (affecting the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination) or pharmacodynamic interaction. It is in the intestine that food may have the greatest impact with mainly a change in the amount of drugs absorbed that may be clinically significant for some drugs with narrow therapeutic index (cyclosporine, phenytoin, theophylline, etc.). The absorption of the drug in the presence of food will be determined by the particular physicochemical properties of the drug but also by the impact of food on one of the parameters determining the absorption such as: modified gastric acidity and emptying, the fat content of the food, the use of common transport between the drug and nutrients, chemical reactions between elements and drugs. Fasting situations or malnutrition can affect the distribution of drugs by increasing the free drug fraction, involving sometimes the risk of overdose. Diet affects drug metabolism by changing the activity of cytochrome P450. Most often is described the increase by grapefruit juice (enzyme inhibitor) of plasma concentrations of some drugs (cyclosporine, some statins, and calcium antagonists). Other foods (garlic, smoked meats and fish, caffeine) may increase metabolism. Diet can influence two stages of renal clearance (glomerular filtration - tubular reabsorption) by modifying urine pH or renal clearance. Pharmacodynamic interactions are also monitored, especially foods rich in vitamin k or tyramine with antivitamins K or MAOIs. Finally, health professionals must mobilize against these interactions, including through patient information.

scholarly journals Malaria Preventive Practices among Pregnant Women in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
T. Kasso ◽  
I. L. Oboro ◽  
O. Maduka ◽  
A. T. O. Awopeju ◽  
N. I. Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preventive Practices

Background: Malaria is a serious public health problem in developing countries with Africa bearing most of its burden. Pregnant women are more susceptible to malaria and it is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality/morbidity. Use of effective malaria preventive measures during pregnancy reduces its burden and complications. Aim: This was to determine malaria preventive practices used by pregnant women in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional study of pregnant women attending public and private health facilities in Akwa Ibom state. An informed written consent was obtained from the participants. Stratified sampling method was used in selecting the health facilities and the study participants. Information was obtained with pretested questionnaires by trained personnel with the aid of Open Data Kit (ODK) on android phones. Data was managed with SPSS 22.0 and P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were 935 participants in the study. Their mean age was 28.52 ± 5.09 years with 879 (94.0%) being married. Most had secondary and tertiary degrees: 451(48.2%) and 440(47.1%). Majority of them were traders/business women and self-employed (58.2%) while 7% were unemployed. Malaria preventive practices were use of window net, bed net and insecticides accounting for 659(71%), 447(48.2%) and 207(22.3%) respectively. There were 612 (65.5%) participants that received malaria drugs for prevention with 452(73.9%) receiving Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Pregnancy (IPTp) with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP). Only 296 (31.7%) of them slept under bed nets the night before the interview. Conclusion: Common preventive practices employed by pregnant women were IPTp with SP, window nets, ITNs and modified IRS. Majority of the women utilized widow nets, though not as effective as ITNs. Efforts should be intensified concerning awareness creation about the benefits of ITN use during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Progress in Research on SARS-CoV-2 Infection Causing Neurological Diseases and Its Infection Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lintao Wang ◽  
Zhiguang Ren ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Yanjie Han ◽  
Wenqiang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Great Harm

COVID-19 has spread rapidly worldwide since its outbreak and has now become a major public health problem. More and more evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 may not only affect the respiratory system but also cause great harm to the central nervous system. Therefore, it is extremely important to explore in-depth the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the nervous system. In this paper, the possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 invading the central nervous system during COVID-19, and the neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection were reviewed.

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