Sit-to-Stand in People with Stroke: Effect of Lower Limb Constraint-Induced Movement Strategies

Stroke Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2014/683681 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Charla Krystine Gray ◽

Elsie Culham

Keyword(s):

Sagittal Plane ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Centre Of Mass ◽

Centre Of Pressure ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Movement Strategies ◽

Mass Displacement ◽

Foot Position

Background. Weight-bearing asymmetry and impaired balance may contribute to the increased fall risk in people with stroke when rising to stand from sitting.Objective. This study investigated the effect of constraint-induced movement (CIM) strategies on weight-bearing symmetry and balance during sit-to-stand in people with stroke.Methods. A nonrandom convenience sample of fifteen people with stroke performed the sit-to-stand task using three CIM strategies including a solid or compliant (foam) block strategy, with the unaffected limb placed on the block, and an asymmetrical foot position strategy, with the unaffected limb placed ahead of the affected limb. Duration of the task, affected limb weight-bearing, and centre of pressure and centre of mass displacement were measured in the frontal and sagittal plane.Results. Affected limb weight-bearing was increased and frontal plane centre of pressure and centre of mass moved toward the affected limb compared to baseline with all CIM strategies. Centre of mass displacement in the sagittal plane was greater with the compliant block and asymmetrical foot strategies.Conclusions. The CIM strategies demonstrated greater loading of the affected limb and movement of the centre of pressure and centre of mass toward the affected limb. The compliant block and asymmetrical foot conditions may challenge sagittal plane balance during sit-to-stand in people with stroke.

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Reliability and Agreement of 3D Trunk and Lower Extremity Movement Analysis by Means of Inertial Sensor Technology for Unipodal and Bipodal Tasks

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19010141 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 141 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rob Van der Straaten ◽

Amber K. B. D. Bruijnes ◽

Benedicte Vanwanseele ◽

Ilse Jonkers ◽

Liesbet De Baets ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Inertial Sensor ◽

Movement Analysis ◽

Sensor Technology ◽

Inertial Measurement ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Movement Strategies ◽

Measurement Units ◽

Healthy Participants

This study evaluates the reliability and agreement of the 3D range of motion (ROM) of trunk and lower limb joints, measured by inertial measurement units (MVN BIOMECH Awinda, Xsens Technologies), during a single leg squat (SLS) and sit to stand (STS) task. Furthermore, distinction was made between movement phases, to discuss the reliability and agreement for different phases of both movement tasks. Twenty healthy participants were measured on two testing days. On day one, measurements were conducted by two operators to determine the within-session and between-operator reliability and agreement. On day two, measurements were conducted by the same operator, to determine the between-session reliability and agreement. The SLS task had lower within-session reliability and agreement compared with between-session and between-operator reliability and agreement. The reliability and agreement of the hip, knee, and ankle ROM in the sagittal plane were good for both phases of the SLS task. For both phases of STS task, within-session reliability and agreement were good, and between-session and between-operator reliability and agreement were lower in all planes. As both tasks are physically demanding, differences may be explained by inconsistent movement strategies. These results show that inertial sensor systems show promise for use in further research to investigate (mal)adaptive movement strategies.

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Centre of pressure versus centre of mass stabilization strategies: the tightrope balancing case

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.200111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 200111

Author(s):

Pietro Morasso

Keyword(s):

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Sensory Feedback ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Control Variable ◽

Variable Number ◽

Body Parts ◽

Centre Of Mass ◽

Centre Of Pressure ◽

Feedback Controllers ◽

Neuromotor Control

This study proposes a generalization of the ankle and hip postural strategies to be applied to the large class of skills that share the same basic challenge of defeating the destabilizing effect of gravity on the basis of the same neuromotor control organization, adapted and specialized to a variable number of degrees of freedom, different body parts, different muscles and different sensory feedback channels. In all the cases, we can identify two crucial elements (the CoP, centre of pressure and the CoM, centre of mass) and the central point of the paper is that most balancing skills can be framed in the CoP–CoM interplay and can be modelled as a combination/alternation of two basic stabilization strategies: the standard well-investigated COPS (or CoP stabilization strategy, the default option), where the CoM is the controlled variable and the CoP is the control variable, and the less investigated COMS (or CoM stabilization strategy), where CoP and CoM must exchange their role because the range of motion of the CoP is strongly constrained by environmental conditions. The paper focuses on the tightrope balancing skill where sway control in the sagittal plane is modelled in terms of the COPS while the more challenging sway in the coronal plane is modelled in terms of the COMS, with the support of a suitable balance pole. Both stabilization strategies are implemented as state-space intermittent, delayed feedback controllers, independent of each other. Extensive simulations support the degree of plausibility, generality and robustness of the proposed approach.

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Applicability of Smartphone for Dynamic Postural Stability Evaluation

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/9753898 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jacek Polechoński ◽

Agnieszka Nawrocka ◽

Piotr Wodarski ◽

Rajmund Tomik

Keyword(s):

Postural Stability ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Body Height ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Body Sway ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Minute Interval ◽

Specialized Equipment ◽

Dynamic Postural Stability

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of smartphone’s gyroscope for dynamic postural stability among young healthy adults. The research included convenience sample of 85 healthy adults—37 women (mean age 22.1±1.6, body height 167.2±7.0) and 48 men (mean age 22.4±1.7, body height 176.1±13.8). In order to assess the accuracy of stabilometric measurement recorded by mobile phone, the raw data obtained at the same time by Sigma Balance Platform and Smartphone (SP) were correlated. Two thirty-second trials with one-minute interval break were performed (first in the frontal plane and second in the sagittal plane). A total of 170 measurements of postural stability were recorded (85 in frontal and 85 in the sagittal plane). The following parameters were included: the path of the stabilogram (in the case of SP, angular path) and the variation of the swing (standard deviation of the horizontal deflection of the platform). The results have shown strong and significant relationship between body sway variability measured by Sigma platform and smartphone in frontal (r=0.997) and sagittal (r=0.990) plane. For the geometric center of the platform and angular path distances, the correlation coefficient was also statistically significant and high, considering both lateral (r=0.999) and anterior-posterior sway (r=0.981). Our research shows that smartphones with gyroscope have potential for accurate assessment of postural balance, as an alternative for expensive and specialized equipment.

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Characterization of Multiple Movement Strategies in Participants With Chronic Ankle Instability

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-480-17 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 698-707 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Ty Hopkins ◽

S. Jun Son ◽

Hyunsoo Kim ◽

Garritt Page ◽

Matthew K. Seeley

Keyword(s):

Sagittal Plane ◽

Ankle Instability ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Chronic Ankle Instability ◽

Control Group ◽

Ground Reaction Forces ◽

Sensorimotor Deficits ◽

Movement Strategies ◽

Reaction Forces

Context Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is characterized by multiple sensorimotor deficits, affecting strength, postural control, motion, and movement. Identifying specific deficits is the key to developing appropriate interventions for this patient population; however, multiple movement strategies within this population may limit the ability to identify specific movement deficits. Objective To identify specific movement strategies in a large sample of participants with CAI and to characterize each strategy relative to a sample of uninjured control participants. Design Descriptive laboratory study. Setting Biomechanics laboratory. Patients or Other Participants A total of 200 individuals with CAI (104 men, 96 women; age = 22.3 ± 2.2 years, height = 174.2 ± 9.5 cm, mass = 72.0 ± 14.0 kg) were selected according to the inclusion criteria established by the International Ankle Consortium and were fit into clusters based on movement strategy. A total of 100 healthy individuals serving as controls (54 men, 46 women; age = 22.2 ± 3.0 years, height = 173.2 ± 9.2 cm, mass = 70.7 ± 13.4 kg) were compared with each cluster. Main Outcome Measure(s) Lower extremity joint biomechanics and ground reaction forces were collected during a maximal vertical jump landing, followed immediately by a side cut. Data were reduced to functional output or curves, kinematic data from the frontal and sagittal planes were reduced to a single representative curve for each plane, and representative curves were clustered using a Bayesian clustering technique. Estimated functions for each dependent variable were compared with estimated functions from the control group to describe each cluster. Results Six distinct clusters were identified from the frontal-plane and sagittal-plane data. Differences in joint angles, joint moments, and ground reaction forces between clusters and the control group were also identified. Conclusions The participants with CAI demonstrated 6 distinct movement strategies, indicating that CAI could be characterized by multiple distinct movement alterations. Clinicians should carefully evaluate patients with CAI for sensorimotor deficits and quality of movement to determine the appropriate interventions for treatment.

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Altered movement strategies in sit-to-stand task in persons with transtibial amputation

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.1177/0309364613497742 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 303-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Seher Özyürek ◽

İlkşan Demirbüken ◽

Salih Angın

Keyword(s):

Weight Bearing ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Transfer Time ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Transtibial Amputation ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Movement Strategies ◽

Similar Weight ◽

Transtibial Amputees ◽

Weight Transfer

Background:Sit-to-stand movement is an essential function for participation in many activities of daily living. Although this movement is one of the most important functional tasks, there is limited research investigating strategies of sit-to-stand movement in transtibial amputees.Objectives:To examine movement strategies of the sit-to-stand task in persons with transtibial amputation and healthy non-amputated individuals.Study design:Cross-sectional study.Methods:A total of 12 male unilateral transtibial amputees and 19 healthy male subjects participated in this study. Sit-to-stand movement was evaluated in terms of weight transfer time, weight-bearing symmetry, sway velocity, and rising index by using Balance Master System.Results:Participants in both groups exhibited similar weight-bearing transfer time ( p > 0.05). Transtibial amputees demonstrated significantly greater weight-bearing asymmetry, higher sway velocity, and lower rising index than healthy subjects during the sit-to-stand transfer movement ( p < 0.05).Conclusions:Transtibial amputees were unable to use the same movement strategies during a sit-to-stand task as healthy individuals; therefore, they had to develop new strategies to perform this task.Clinical relevanceLittle is known about the altered movement strategies during sit-to-stand task in transtibial amputees. The results of the study might provide some new insight into the motor components of the sit-to-stand movement in persons with transtibial amputation for both clinicians and researchers.

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The Rationale of Osteotomy around the Knee

The Journal of Knee Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1603755 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (05) ◽

pp. 386-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Philipp Lobenhoffer

Keyword(s):

Sagittal Plane ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Cartilage Damage ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Varus Deformity ◽

Valgus Deformity ◽

Wedge Osteotomy ◽

Early Weight Bearing ◽

Plate Fixator ◽

Closed Wedge

AbstractFrontal plane varus or valgus deformity causes overload in the ipsilateral compartment and may induce and accelerate cartilage damage. Osteotomy around the knee should be considered in symptomatic constitutional and posttraumatic metaphyseal deformities of more than 3-degree deviation. Age, grade of osteoarthritis, obesity, and nicotine consumption are no exclusion criteria for osteotomy. For correction of varus deformity, biplanar open wedge osteotomy of the tibia with fixation by a plate fixator has proven to be a safe and stable construct allowing for early weight-bearing. Valgus deformities of the tibia can be treated by biplanar closed wedge osteotomy of the proximal tibia. For femur deformities closed wedge biplanar osteotomy and fixation with a specific plate fixator is an attractive solution reducing implant-related morbidity. Osteotomy around the knee may also be used to protect cartilage reconstruction and meniscus transplantation. Corrections in the sagittal plane may improve the anteroposterior stability of the knee significantly and can be combined with frontal plane corrections.

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Body balance in standing position in people after cerebral stroke on the basis of posturographic examinations

Physiotherapy ◽

10.1515/physio-2015-0021 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Kamila Jasińska

Keyword(s):

Sagittal Plane ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Standing Position ◽

Centre Of Pressure ◽

Body Balance ◽

Eyes Closed ◽

Affected Side ◽

Eyes Open ◽

Left And Right ◽

The Mean

AbstractA stroke has a number of direct effects on body balance. Despite the progress in medical science, it continues to be one of the major causes of disability in adults.The objective of the study was to evaluate the body balance in people after stroke depending on the side of hemiparesis.The study included 30 patients with left and right-sided hemiparesis. The mean age of the patients was 66 years. The tests were conducted on the R50300 Cosmogamma balance platform, in a standing position. Each patient was examined twice: with and without vision, in a standing position. The statistical analysis was carried out using the STATISTICA software.The results revealed statistical differences in the maximum lateral sways of the Centre of Pressure (COP) with the eyes open, the maximum front-back sways of the Centre of Pressure with the eyes closed, and the mean COP values in the frontal plane with and without vision in individuals with right and left-sided hemiparesis. Patients with left and right-sided hemiparesis were found to underload the affected side, regardless of whether they were tested with or without vision. Moreover, patients with right-sided hemiparesis who were tested with their eyes open had greater difficulty maintaining body balance in the frontal plane than those with left-sided hemiparesis, and patients with right-sided hemiparesis who were examined with their eyes closed had greater difficulty maintaining body balance in the sagittal plane than those with left-sided hemiparesis.During the posturographic examination, individuals with left and right-sided hemiparesis displayed underloading of the affected side, both when tested with their eyes open and closed. When tested with vision, patients with right-sided hemiparesis had greater difficulty maintaining body balance in the frontal plane than those with left-sided hemiparesis. When tested without vision, patients with right-sided hemiparesis had greater difficulty maintaining body balance in the sagittal plane than those with left-sided hemiparesis.

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Sagittal plane ground reaction forces, centre of pressure and centre of mass in trotting horses

The Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.027 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 198 ◽

pp. e14-e19 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Sarah J. Hobbs ◽

Hilary M. Clayton

Keyword(s):

Sagittal Plane ◽

Ground Reaction Forces ◽

Centre Of Mass ◽

Centre Of Pressure ◽

Reaction Forces

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AN INNOVATIVE FOOT MODULE WITH EASILY ACCESSIBLE FRONTAL PLANE ADAPTATION ENHANCES THE LOCOMOTION ON UNEVEN GROUND

Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal ◽

10.33137/cpoj.v1i2.32029 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Björn Altenburg ◽

Michael Ernst ◽

Thomas Schmalz

Keyword(s):

Oral Presentation ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Real Life ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Scientific Committee ◽

Carbon Structure ◽

National Assembly ◽

Movement Strategies ◽

Outdoor Walking ◽

Force Impact

INTRODUCTION Real-life outdoor walking of amputees is challenged by uneven ground. Uneven ground requires either a component adaptation in the sagittal plane or in frontal plane or both. The lack of adaptability of prosthetic components requires compensational movement strategies by the user. Common energy storing and returning (ESR) feet have some basic flexibility through the carbon structure allowing for some limited adaptation in both planes. For the frontal plane the split toe feature adds some functionality. However, even with split toe the ROM is clearly limited and needs high force impact for minor adaptations. Now there is a novel foot module allowing for 10° inversion/eversion through a dedicated joint. This study investigates the hypothesis that such a foot module with easily accessible frontal plane adaptation enhances the locomotion on uneven ground. Abstract PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/32029/24446 How to cite: Altenburg B, Ernst M, Schmalz T. AN INNOVATIVE FOOT MODULE WITH EASILY ACCESSIBLE FRONTAL PLANE ADAPTATION ENHANCES THE LOCOMOTION ON UNEVEN GROUND. CANADIAN PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS JOURNAL, VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2, 2018; ABSTRACT, ORAL PRESENTATION AT THE AOPA’S 101ST NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, SEPT. 26-29, VANCOUVER, CANADA, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v1i2.32029 Abstracts were Peer-reviewed by the American Orthotic Prosthetic Association (AOPA) 101st National Assembly Scientific Committee. http://www.aopanet.org/

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