scholarly journals Ethyl Acetate Extract ofArtemisia anomalaS. Moore Displays Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Tan ◽  
Yuan-Lai Wang ◽  
Xiao-Lu Yang ◽  
Dan-Dan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Artemisia anomalaS. Moore has been widely used in China to treat inflammatory diseases for hundreds of years. However, mechanisms associated with its anti-inflammatory effect are not clear. In this study, we prepared ethyl acetate, petroleum ether,n-BuOH, and aqueous extracts from ethanol extract ofArtemisia anomalaS. Moore. Comparing anti-inflammatory effects of these extracts, we found that ethyl acetate extract of this herb (EAFA) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS/IFNγ-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. EAFA suppressed the production of NO in a time- and dose-dependent manner without eliciting cytotoxicity to RAW264.7 cells. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying EAFA’s anti-inflammatory effect, we showed that EAFA increased total cellular anti-oxidant capacity while reducing the amount of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in stimulated RAW264.7 cells. EAFA also suppressed the expression of IL-1βand IL-6, whereas it elevates the level of heme oxygenase-1. These EAFA-induced events were apparently associated with NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways because the DNA binding activity of p50/p65 was impaired and the activities of both ERK and JNK were decreased in EFEA-treated cells comparing to untreated cells. Our findings suggest that EAFA exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the expression of iNOS.

In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Rhizomes of Globba pendula Roxb

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110559
Author(s):  
Le Minh Ha ◽  
Ngo Thi Phuong ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thu Hien ◽  
Pham Thi Tam ◽  
Do Thi Thao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
No Production ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

In this study, we aimed at evaluating in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of various extracts of the rhizomes of Globba pendula Roxb. Three extracts ( n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water) were screened for their inhibitory effect on NO production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The ethyl acetate extract of G. pendula rhizomes (EGP) showed a potential effect with an IC50 value of 32.45 µg/mL. For in vivo study, the ethyl acetate extract was further investigated for its anti-inflammatory effect using collagen antibody-induced arthritic mice (CAIA). The level of arthritis in experimental mice significantly reduced ( P < .05) after treatment with EGP at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). This study also revealed that EGP is orally non-toxic. Ethyl p-methoxy cinamate was identified as the main constituent of EGP, which may result in its anti-inflammatory effect.

Ethanol Extract of Lilium Bulbs Plays an Anti-Inflammatory Role by Targeting the IKKα/β-Mediated NF-κB Pathway in Macrophages

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (06) ◽  
pp. 1281-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Yun Han ◽  
Young-Su Yi ◽  
Seong-Gu Jeong ◽  
Yo Han Hong ◽  
Kang Jun Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Lilium bulbs have long been used as Chinese traditional medicines to alleviate the symptoms of various human inflammatory diseases. However, mechanisms of Lilium bulb-mediated anti-inflammatory activity and the bioactive components in Lilium bulbs remain unknown. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of Lilium bulbs and the underlying mechanism of action were investigated in macrophages using Lilium bulb ethanol extracts (Lb-EE). In a dose-dependent manner, Lb-EE inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) without causing significant cytotoxicity. Lb-EE also down-regulated mRNA expression of inflammatory genes in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, which included inducuble nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text] (TNF-[Formula: see text]). Furthermore, Lb-EE markedly restored LPS-induced morphological changes in RAW264.7 cells to a normal morphology. HPLC analysis identified quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol as bioactive components contained in Lb-EE. Mechanistic studies in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells revealed that Lb-EE suppressed MyD88- and TRIF-induced NF-[Formula: see text]B transcriptional activation and the nuclear translocation of NF-[Formula: see text]B transcription factors. Moreover, Lb-EE inhibited IKK[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]-induced activation of the NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling pathway and IKK inhibition significantly reduced NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Lb-EE plays an anti-inflammatory role by targeting IKK[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]-mediated activation of the NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling pathway during macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Effects of Epilobium amurense subsp. cephalostigma via Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and Inhibition of NF-κB/p38 MAPK Signaling in LPS-Stimulated Macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11715
Author(s):  
Se-Yun Cheon ◽  
Hyun-Ae Kang ◽  
Bo-Ram Jin ◽  
Hyo-Jung Kim ◽  
Yea-Jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
No Production ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The genus Epilobium consists of approximately 200 species that are distributed worldwide. Some of these herbs have been used for the treatment of diarrhea, infection, irritation, and other disorders associated with inflammation. Unlike that of other Epilobium species, there is little scientific understanding of the pharmacological effect of Epilobium amurense subsp. cephalostigma (Hausskn.) C. J. Chen, Hoch & P. H. Raven. In this study, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of an E. amurense 95% ethanol extract (EACEE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and observed the underlying mechanism of this effect. We measured the productions of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species, and examined the actions of EACEE on transcription factors in the macrophages. EACEE reduced NO production and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein levels via the inhibition of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. Additionally, EACEE suppressed redundant reactive oxygen species production and regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling. Furthermore, EACEE significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Overall, these results indicate that EACEE exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects via the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibition of NF-κB/p38 MAPK signaling.

Effects of Shiranuhi flower extracts and fractions on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in murine RAW 264.7 cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Gu Hyun ◽  
Min-Jin Kim ◽  
Sang Suk Kim ◽  
Ji Hye Ko ◽  
Young Il Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Abstract Objective In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of Shiranuhi flower in RAW 264.7 cells. Methods The effects of the extracts and solvent fractions on cell viability and LPS-induced inflammatory responses were investigated in RAW 264.7 cells. Results The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction (HEF) significantly decreased NO production in RAW 264.7 cells; however, cell viability was not affected. In addition, ELISA assay revealed that HEF significantly inhibited the productions of PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6. As well, using Western blot analysis, it was observed that HEF significantly reduced the expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, we detected a reduced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases such as p38, JNK, and ERK1/2. This indicates that HEF regulates LPS-induced inflammatory responses, at least in part, via suppressing the MAPK signaling pathway. Correlation analysis also showed that anti-inflammatory activities were highly correlated to antioxidant activities in this study. Characterization of the Shiranuhi flowers for flavonoid contents using HPLC showed varied quantity of narirutin and hesperidin. Conclusion Overall, the results demonstrate that HEF may be a potential anti-inflammatory agent. In addition, our findings contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of Shiranuhi flower.

Moringa Fruit Inhibits LPS-Induced NO/iNOS Expression through Suppressing the NF-κB Activation in RAW264.7 Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (05) ◽  
pp. 1109-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Jin Lee ◽  
Yun-Jeong Jeong ◽  
Tae-Sung Lee ◽  
Yoon-Yub Park ◽  
Whi-Gun Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), a natural biologically active substance, by determining its inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Extracts from different parts of moringa (root, leaf, and fruit) reduced LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) release in a dose-dependent manner. The moringa fruit extract most effectively inhibited LPS-induced NO production and levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The moringa fruit extract also was shown to suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Furthermore, moringa fruit extract inhibited the cytoplasmic degradation of I κ B -α and the nuclear translocation of p65 proteins, resulting in lower levels of NF -κ B transactivation. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate that moringa fruit extract reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators including NO , IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 via the inhibition of NF -κ B activation in RAW264.7 cells. These findings reveal, in part, the molecular basis underlying the anti-inflammatory properties of moringa fruit extract.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Their Correlation with Microbial Community of Shindari, a Traditional Jeju Beverage

Fermentation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Su Bin Hyun ◽  
Chang-Gu Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Fermentation Period ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

In this study, we investigated the microbial community and its correlation with anti-inflammatory effects during the fermentation procedure of shindari. Since shindari is traditionally manufactured through a fermentation process of 3–4 days in summer or 5–6 days in winter, the shindari materials applied in this study were fermented for 1, 3, and 5 days, respectively. Microbial community structure in the shindari manufacturing process was analyzed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Results revealed different fermentation time had different influences on the community structure and microbial diversity in the shindari process. Ultimately, we found that pathogenic bacteria such as Enterococcus durans (9.3%) and Enterobacter asburiae (4.5%) dominate the shindari fermented for 1 day, while samples with a fermentation period of more than 3 days occupied lactic acid bacteria such as Pediococcus sp. (97.1%). In addition, to study the relationship between fermentation period and anti-inflammatory effect in the shindari manufacturing process, we applied RAW264.7 cells, a classic cell model for inflammation studies. First, we prepared an ethyl acetate extract of shindari fermented for 1 (S1), 3 (S3), or 5 days (S5), and then it was confirmed that all of these extracts inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) production in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, these inhibitory effects were correlated with the suppressive effect of shindari extracts against overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Furthermore, S3 and S5 also inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. Overall, the anti-inflammatory effect of S3 was suggested to be mediated through the negative regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Phlorotannin Trifuhalol A Using LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells Through NF-κB and MAPK Main Signaling Pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1984979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasira Phasanasophon ◽  
Sang Moo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Factor Α

Trifuhalol A, a phlorotannin, was extracted from Agarum cribrosum with ethyl acetate and fractionated using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography (SF1-SF6). The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and SF5-containing trifuhalol A exhibited strong inhibitory activity against hyaluronidase. The anti-inflammatory activity of the phlorotannin, EAF, and SF5 was determined through the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of NO production was validated by confirming the appreciable downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. Agarum cribrosum phlorotannin also markedly suppressed the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. In addition, the anti-inflammatory action was verified by examining its effects on proinflammatory signaling pathways. The activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was attenuated via the inhibition of NF-κB p-65, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Therefore, trifuhalol A is a potential source for either the prevention or the treatment of inflammation.

scholarly journals Lobeglitazone Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Bone-Marrow Derived Macrophages

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1432
Author(s):  
Dabin Jeong ◽  
Wan-Kyu Ko ◽  
Seong-Jun Kim ◽  
Gong-Ho Han ◽  
Daye Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
No Production ◽  
Inflammatory Gene Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Gene ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the anti-inflammatory effect of lobeglitazone (LOBE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). We induced nitric oxide (NO) production and pro-inflammatory gene expression through LPS treatment in BMDMs. The changes of NO release and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators by LOBE were assessed via NO quantification assay and a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively. In addition, the regulatory effect of LOBE on activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was investigated by measuring the phosphorylation state of extracellular regulatory protein (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) proteins by Western blot. Our results show that LOBE significantly reduced LPS-induced NO production and pro-inflammatory gene expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Moreover, LOBE reduced phosphorylation levels of ERK and JNK of MAPK signaling pathway. In conclusion, LOBE exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-induced BMDMs by suppression of NO production and pro-inflammatory gene expression, and this effect is potentially through inhibition of the MARK signaling pathway.

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Organic and Aqueous Extracts of Northeast Algerian Marrubium vulgare

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S119-S129
Author(s):  
I. Namoune ◽  
B. Khettal ◽  
A.M. Assaf ◽  
S. Elhayek ◽  
L. Arrar
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Marrubium Vulgare ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Marrubium vulgare (Lamiaceae) is frequently used in traditional medicine to treat many illnesses from ancient times. Its beneficial effects include antibacterial, antioedematogenic, and analgesic activities. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of organic and aqueous extracts of the leaves, the flowers, the stems, and the roots of Marrubium vulgare. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory effects of methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts have been investigated by using different in-vitro methods. It was found that the ethyl acetate extract from Marrubium vulgare stems had the highest total phenolic content, while the ethyl acetate extract from the leaves yielded a high concentration of flavonoids. The ethyl acetate extract from the stems exhibited the highest activity in scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), as well as in protecting erythrocytes. The leaves aqueous extract exhibited the highest ferrous chelating activity and its methanolic extract was found to be the strongest inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in β-carotene bleaching assay. The leaves chloroform extracts as well as the flowers methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts were found to decrease the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) cytokine levels in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, the flowers methanolic extract and the leaves methanol, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts decreased the interleukin-1 beta (IL- 1β) release. It was also found that the methanol extract from the flowers and the chloroform extract from the stems of Marrubium vulgare inhibited interleukin-8 (IL-8) release. This study provides a scientific basis for the traditional use of Marrubium vulgare as an anti-inflammatory agent and for the plant to be considered as an important resource of natural antioxidants.

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