scholarly journals Role of Circulating Lymphocytes in Patients with Sepsis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul de Pablo ◽  
Jorge Monserrat ◽  
Alfredo Prieto ◽  
Melchor Alvarez-Mon
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Circulating Lymphocytes ◽  
Postmortem Studies

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome due to infection. The incidence rate is estimated to be up to 19 million cases worldwide per year and the number of cases is rising. Infection triggers a complex and prolonged host response, in which both the innate and adaptive immune response are involved. The disturbance of immune system cells plays a key role in the induction of abnormal levels of immunoregulatory molecules. Furthermore, the involvement of effector immune system cells also impairs the host response to the infective agents and tissue damage. Recently, postmortem studies of patients who died of sepsis have provided important insights into why septic patients die and showed an extensive depletion of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes and they found that circulating blood cells showed similar findings. Thus, the knowledge of the characterization of circulating lymphocyte abnormalities is relevant for the understanding of the sepsis pathophysiology. In addition, monitoring the immune response in sepsis, including circulating lymphocyte subsets count, appears to be potential biomarker for predicting the clinical outcome of the patient. This paper analyzes the lymphocyte involvement and dysfunction found in patients with sepsis and new opportunities to prevent sepsis and guide therapeutic intervention have been revealed.

scholarly journals Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Labarrere ◽  
Ghassan S. Kassab
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Recognition Protein ◽  
Pattern Recognition Protein

The rapid outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China, has become a worldwide pandemic affecting almost 204 million people and causing more than 4.3 million deaths as of August 11 2021. This pandemic has placed a substantial burden on the global healthcare system and the global economy. Availability of novel prophylactic and therapeutic approaches are crucially needed to prevent development of severe disease leading to major complications both acutely and chronically. The success in fighting this virus results from three main achievements: (a) Direct killing of the SARS-CoV-2 virus; (b) Development of a specific vaccine, and (c) Enhancement of the host’s immune system. A fundamental necessity to win the battle against the virus involves a better understanding of the host’s innate and adaptive immune response to the virus. Although the role of the adaptive immune response is directly involved in the generation of a vaccine, the role of innate immunity on RNA viruses in general, and coronaviruses in particular, is mostly unknown. In this review, we will consider the structure of RNA viruses, mainly coronaviruses, and their capacity to affect the lungs and the cardiovascular system. We will also consider the effects of the pattern recognition protein (PRP) trident composed by (a) Surfactant proteins A and D, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and complement component 1q (C1q), (b) C-reactive protein, and (c) Innate and adaptive IgM antibodies, upon clearance of viral particles and apoptotic cells in lungs and atherosclerotic lesions. We emphasize on the role of pattern recognition protein immune therapies as a combination treatment to prevent development of severe respiratory syndrome and to reduce pulmonary and cardiovascular complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and summarize the need of a combined therapeutic approach that takes into account all aspects of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease to allow mankind to beat this pandemic killer.

scholarly journals Host response toHelicobacter pyloriinfection before initiation of the adaptive immune response

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly M. Scott Algood ◽  
Judith Gallo-Romero ◽  
Keith T. Wilson ◽  
Richard M. Peek ◽  
Timothy L. Cover
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune

Antigenic role of the adaptive immune response to d -ribose glycated LDL in diabetes, atherosclerosis and diabetes atherosclerotic patients

Life Sciences ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firoz Akhter ◽  
M. Salman Khan ◽  
Abdulrahman A. Alatar ◽  
Mohammad Faisal ◽  
Saheem Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Glycated Ldl

scholarly journals Evidence for a role of adaptive immune response in the disease pathogenesis of the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease

Glia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Martin ◽  
Matteo Santoro ◽  
Sarah Mustafa ◽  
Gernot Riedel ◽  
John V. Forrester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals The Role of Pregnancy-Specific Glycoprotein 1a (PSG1a) in Regulating the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando F. Martinez ◽  
Laura Cervi ◽  
Carolina P. Knubel ◽  
Graciela M. Panzetta-Dutari ◽  
Claudia C. Motran
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune
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