scholarly journals Functional Assessment Based Parent Intervention in Reducing Children’s Challenging Behaviors: Exploratory Study of Group Training

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Angel Fettig ◽  
Michaelene M. Ostrosky
Keyword(s):  
Functional Assessment ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Challenging Behaviors ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Group Training ◽  
Child Behaviors ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Parent Implementation ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

This study examined the effects of group parent training on children’s challenging behaviors in home settings. Eight parents of young children with challenging behaviors were trained in a large group setting on using functional assessment to design interventions that fit the strengths and needs of individual families. The training included information sharing and collaborating with parents on designing functional-assessment based interventions. An Interrupted Time Series Design was used to examine the effects of large group training by comparing parent and child behaviors prior to intervention with behaviors after the intervention. Data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA. The results indicated that group training increased parents’ ability to implement functional assessment based strategies and these strategies resulted in a significant reduction in children’s challenging behaviors. Furthermore, parent implementation of functional assessment based strategies and children’s decreased levels of challenging behaviors were maintained after the completion of the intervention.

scholarly journals Police-involved Deaths and the Impact on Homicide Rates in the Post-Ferguson Era: A Study of 44 U.S. Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110283
Author(s):  
Tyler J Lane
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Aggravated Assault ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Black Populations ◽  
Fbi Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

This study investigated whether homicides increased after protested police-involved deaths, focusing on the period after Michael Brown’s death in Ferguson in August 2014. It also tests for effects of legal cynicism by comparing effects in homicide and aggravated assault on the assumption that reporting of the latter is discretionary and police abuses may make communities reluctant to notify police. Using FBI data from 44 U.S. cities, homicide and assault rates from 2011 to 2019 were analyzed using an interrupted time series design and combined in a meta-analysis to calculate pooled effects. A meta-regression tested effect moderators including external investigations and city/county sociodemographic characteristics. With a conservative threshold of p ≤ .01, 21 of the 44 cities experienced a significant increase and one had a significant decrease. The pooled effect was a 26.1% increase in the homicide (99% CI: 15.3% to 36.8%). Aggravated assaults increased above baseline, though the effect was 15.2 percentage points smaller (99% CI: –26.7 to –3.6) than the effect in homicides. When outcomes were measured as percent change, there were no significant effect moderators, but when measured as absolute change, homicides increased to a greater extent when the death was subject to external investigation and in cities with higher Black populations, poverty rates, and baseline homicide rates. The findings suggest that protested police-involved deaths led to an increase in homicides and other violence due to the distrust fomented within the very communities whom police are meant to protect.

Pilot evaluation of a group stabilisation intervention for refugees and asylum seekers with PTSD

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mary Griggs ◽  
Cheng Liu ◽  
Kate Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Treatment Delivery ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is commonly experienced by asylum seekers and refugees (ASR). Evidence supports the use of cognitive behavioural therapy-based treatments, but not in group format for this population. However, group-based treatments are frequently used as a first-line intervention in the UK. Aims: This study investigated the feasibility of delivering a group-based, manualised stabilisation course specifically developed for ASR. The second aim was to evaluate the use of routine outcome measures (ROMs) to capture psychological change in this population. Method: Eighty-two participants from 22 countries attended the 8-session Moving On After Trauma (MOAT) group-based stabilisation treatment. PHQ-9, GAD-7, IES-R and idiosyncratic outcomes were administered pre- and post-intervention. Results: Seventy-one per cent of participants (n = 58) attended five or more of the treatment sessions. While completion rates of the ROMs were poor – measures were completed at pre- and post-intervention for 46% participants (n = 38) – a repeated-measures MANOVA indicated significant improvements in depression (p = .001, ηp2 = .262), anxiety (p = .000, ηp2 = .390), PTSD (p = .001, ηp2 = .393) and idiosyncratic measures (p = .000, ηp2 = .593) following the intervention. Conclusions: Preliminary evidence indicates that ASR who attended a low-intensity, group-based stabilisation group for PTSD experienced lower mental health scores post-group, although the lack of a comparison group means these results should be interpreted with caution. There are significant challenges in administering ROMs to individuals who speak many different languages, in a group setting. Nonetheless, groups have benefits including efficiency of treatment delivery which should also be considered.

Impact of Fare Policy Changes on Paratransit Travel Options: METROLift Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (8) ◽  
pp. 198-208
Author(s):  
Shuman Tan ◽  
Eun Sug Park ◽  
Jinuk Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Service Area ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Taxi Service ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design ◽  
Analyze Data

The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County’s METROLift program implemented several revised fare policies on travel options available to eligible riders at the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016. Fares changed on the METROLift paratransit single ticket and passes. A premium fare for the expanded service area and a smartcard—Freedom Q Card—that allows free ride on METRO’s fixed-route services were introduced. This paper documents analyses to determine the impact of the revised METROLift fare policies on travel patterns and travel frequency of METROLift riders. The authors used a linear segmented regression analysis to analyze data from an interrupted time series design. The results suggest that the revised fare policies controlled the growth of percentage of riders who use METROLift paratransit service in total ADA-eligible riders, while improved the awareness and willingness to use supplementary paratransit travel options, especially the fixed-route service in the base service area and the subsidy taxi service in the expanded service area.

Functional Assessment and Intervention for Challenging Behaviors in the Classroom by General Classroom Teachers

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry A. Ellingson ◽  
Raymond G. Miltenberger ◽  
Jason Stricker ◽  
Tami L. Galensky ◽  
Matthew Garlinghouse
Keyword(s):  
Functional Assessment ◽  
Challenging Behaviors ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
General Classroom

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Suggestopedia Method with Wordwall Picture in Increasing Vocabulary Mastery with Learning Disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Merlin D Merlin D ◽  
Siti Hajar Larekeng
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design ◽  
Learning English

This study investigates the effects of Suggestopedia method with wordwall picture in increase the vocabulary mastery students of SMPLB Negeri Parepare in academic year 2016/ 2017. This method engages the students’ attentions and various fun learning activities which decreased the students’ boredom during their learning. Wordwall picture provides the students’ illustrations and ideas in their minds. It applied mixed methods research design quantitative and qualitative approaches with single group interrupted time-series design. The population are who students with learning disabilities of SMPLB Parepare in academic year 2016/2017 which consist of 11 students and the sample constitútes consist of 5 students.  This research  used sampling as  a technique of sampling. Based on the quantitative analysis, the result showed that 1) student test were significant accorbing to the questionnaire, the result show thet the students motivation incresed. It means that suggestopedia method with wordwall picture affected the students vocebulary mastery in learning. The result also proved that students interest in learning english has a significant relationship or influence with students vocebulary score. 2) The qualitative data from questionnaire showed that students’ motivation increased. It means that Suggestopedia method with wordwall picture affected the students vocabulary, mastery in learning, it proved that Suggestopedia Method with Wordwall Picture able to increase the interest in learning English of the students with disabilities learning of SMPLB Parepare;

scholarly journals Case-Based Learning as an Effective Tool in Teaching Pharmacology to Undergraduate Medical Students in a Large Group Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 238212052092064
Author(s):  
Gurleen Kaur ◽  
Jagdeep Rehncy ◽  
Karamdeep Singh Kahal ◽  
Jaspreet Singh ◽  
Vidushi Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Real Patient ◽  
Clinical Exposure ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Case Based Learning ◽  
Written Test ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Case Based

Background: The need for case-based learning in basic subjects is being recognized world over. Early clinical illustrations and actual clinical exposure enable students to associate basic science and real patient situations, probably increasing their retention of knowledge. The study was conducted to introduce an alternate method of teaching-learning in pharmacology in a large classroom setting to integrate pharmacology into clinical setting for better learning and understanding of the subject. Methods: Ninety-four students of second professional MBBS of a medical college in Punjab were divided into 2 groups and were taught a 2-hour topic in pharmacology using case-based learning (CBL) method and didactic lecture (DL) method using a crossover design. Their attendance and written test score at the end of teaching session were compared. Feedback from students and faculty was taken by prestructured questionnaires. Results: There was an increase in students’ attendance ( P = .008) in CBL sessions but insignificant difference in their performance ( P = .98) in the tests. Most (84%) of the students felt that CBL is a better method of teaching-learning than traditional DL. The teaching faculty felt that the students looked more interested and were themselves more motivated for the newer method of teaching. Conclusions: Case-based learning led to improvement in student motivation, satisfaction, and engagement. Most students and faculty accepted that CBL was an effective learning tool for pharmacology teaching in a large group setting and supported the incorporation of CBL into traditional DL teaching.

scholarly journals Increasing adolescent firearm homicides and racial disparities following Florida’s ‘Stand Your Ground’ self-defence law

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Degli Esposti ◽  
Douglas J Wiebe ◽  
Jason Gravel ◽  
David K Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Firearm Suicide ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Law ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

Establishing whether specific laws impact rates of firearm homicide in adolescents is critical for identifying opportunities to reduce preventable adolescent death. We evaluated Florida’s Stand Your Ground law, enacted October 2005, using an interrupted time series design from 1999 to 2017. We used segmented quasi-Poisson regression to model underlying trends in quarterly rates of adolescent (15–19 years) firearm homicide in Florida and disaggregated by race (Black/White). We used synthetic and negative controls (firearm suicide) to address time-varying confounding. Before Florida’s Stand Your Ground law, the mean quarterly rate was 1.53 firearm homicides per 100 000 adolescents. Black adolescents comprised 63.5% of all adolescent firearm homicides before and 71.8% after the law. After adjusting for trends, the law was associated with a 44.6% increase in adolescent firearm homicide. Our analysis indicates that Florida’s Stand Your Ground is associated with a significant increase in firearm homicide and may also exacerbate racial disparities.

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