scholarly journals Vascular Functions and Brain Integrity in Midlife: Effects of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreana P. Haley
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Neuroscience ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Growing Population

Intact cognitive function is the best predictor of quality of life and functional ability in older age. Thus, preventing cognitive decline is central to any effort to guarantee successful aging for our growing population of elderly. The purpose of the work discussed in this outlook paper is to bridge knowledge from basic and clinical neuroscience with the aim of improving how we understand, predict, and treat age- and disease-related cognitive impairment. Over the past six years, our research team has focused on intermediate neuroimaging phenotypes of brain vulnerability in midlife and isolating the underlying physiological mechanisms. The ultimate goal of this work was to pave the road for the development of early interventions to enhance cognitive function and preserve brain integrity throughout the lifespan.

scholarly journals A Literatur Review of Common Outcome in Cognitive Remediation for Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
Sadarwati Sadarwati ◽  
Warih Andan Puspitosari
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Social Skill ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Cognitive Remediation Therapy

Background: People with schizophrenia experience a change especially in the cognitive aspect, and therefore require immediate intervention to improve their cognitive and other aspects. Cognitive remediation is a program that has been developed with promising results. Objective: to review the literature on outcomes in general from the provision of cognitive remediation in people with schizophrenia.Method: Searching relevant literature on relevant databases, i.e., Pubmed, Ebsco, Cochrane, JSTOR, and the Google Scholar search engine, using keywords: cognitive remediation, schizophrenia, therapy.Result: Taken from reviewing 21 relevant articles. Cognitive remediation affects cognitive function, functional ability and problem-solving, social skill and cognition, clinical symptoms, neural outcome, quality of life, self-esteem, and cost-utility analysis.Conclusions: Common outcomes in CRT (Cognitive Remediation Therapy) administration in people with schizophrenia have been identified. Improvement of cognitive function was defined to be the most commonly measured outcome in the study.

Preferences of adults with cancer for systemic cancer treatment: do preferences differ based on age?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajwal Dhakal ◽  
Christopher S Wichman ◽  
Bunny Pozehl ◽  
Meaghann Weaver ◽  
Alfred L Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Treatment Preferences ◽  
Exact Test

Background: We used the Therapy Preference Scale, a 30-item questionnaire, to determine cancer treatment preferences of adults with cancer. Methods: We used Wilcoxon’s rank sum test and Fisher’s exact test to compare the preferences of younger (<60 years) versus older adults (≥60 years). Results: While 56% of patients would accept treatment offering increased life expectancy at an expense of short-term side effects, 75% preferred maintenance of cognition, functional ability and quality of life to quantity of days. Oral instead of intravenous treatment (p = 0.003), shorter hospital stay (p = 0.03), preservation of cognitive function (p = 0.01) and avoidance of pain (p = 0.02) were more important to older patients compared with younger patients. Conclusion: Many patients prioritized maintenance of cognition, functional ability and quality of life; older patients valued oral treatment, shorter hospital stay, preservation of cognitive function and avoidance of pain.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLD ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S482-S482
Author(s):  
Alfons Ramel
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background: Quality of life (QoL) has been regarded as a critical predictor of successful aging in gerontological research. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the associations between physical activity, muscle strength, body composition, physical-/cognitive function and disease with quality of life community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Participants (N=225, 73.7±5.7yrs, 58.2% female) from the Reykjavik capital area in Iceland took part in this cross-sectional study. Socioeconomics, QoL, body composition, muscular strength, timed up and go test (TUG), six minute walk for distance (6MWD) and disease related information were measured. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for routine clinical measures. Results: In our subjects, only 19.1% had QoL below the age and gender corrected norm score of 50. A simple comparison between subjects with QoL below 50 vs subjects with a score above 50 indicated that participants with higher QoL had higher physical and cognitive function, higher muscular strength, lower blood glucose, exercised more and used a lower number of medicines. Differences in education, smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary intake and gender distribution were not significant. According to age and gender corrected linear models, TUG (B=-0.54,P=0.022), number of drugs (B=-0.67,P=0.018) and fasting glucose (B=-0.96,P=0.025) were the strongest independent correlates of QoL. In the models insulin/glucose and TUG/6MWD were interchangeable. Conclusion: Physical function, number of drugs and glucose metabolism are independently related to QoL and represent therefore potentially modifyable targets for future interventions in order to improve QoL in community dwelling old adults.

Development of a 12-Item Abbreviated Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS-12)

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Thomas ◽  
Katherine J. Bangen ◽  
Monika Ardelt ◽  
Dilip V. Jeste
Keyword(s):  
Successful Aging ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Measurement Precision ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

Wisdom has been reported to be associated with better mental health and quality of life among older adults. Over the past decades, there has been considerable growth in empirical research on wisdom, including the development of standardized measures. The 39-item Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS) is a useful assessment tool, given its rigorous development and good psychometric properties. However, the measure’s length can prohibit use. In this article, we used a sample of 1,546 community-dwelling adults aged 21 to 100 years ( M = 66 years) from the Successful AGing Evaluation (SAGE) study to develop an abbreviated 12-item version of the 3D-WS: the 3D-WS-12. Balancing concerns for measurement precision, internal structure, and content validity, factor analytic methods and expert judgment were used to identify a subset of 12-items for the 3D-WS-12. Results suggest that the 3D-WS-12 can provide efficient and valid assessments of Wisdom within the context of epidemiological surveys.

scholarly journals What’s in a name? That which we call Multiple Sclerosis Fatigue

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852094148
Author(s):  
Amy Lynn Hubbard ◽  
Heidrun Golla ◽  
Hedda Lausberg
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Clinical Neuroscience ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Inability To Work

Very limited progress has been made to date in the treatment of debilitating Multiple Sclerosis (MS) daily onset symptoms. These daily symptoms include motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments as well as an overwhelming feeling of tiredness, often referred to as “MS fatigue.” Although widely cited as a main cause of inability to work and poor quality of life in patients with MS, daily onset MS-related tiredness continues to defy definition, and, consequently, measurement and treatment. Beginning with a historical overview of observations of daily onset MS-related tiredness, this Topical Review demonstrates how the misnomer “MS fatigue” has introduced ongoing misunderstanding for patients, investigators, clinicians, and therapists. Finally, combining current findings in clinical neuroscience with the striking set of long-standing commonalities present throughout the past 200 years of clinical observations, we underscore the immediate necessity for conceptual and applied change, to be initiated by the renaming of this distinct syndrome.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Development and Application of Quality Control System for Highway Subgrade Construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
System Development ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Development Mode ◽  
The Road ◽  
Whole Process

The compaction quality of the subgrade is directly related to the service life of the road. Effective control of the subgrade construction process is the key to ensuring the compaction quality of the subgrade. Therefore, real-time, comprehensive, rapid and accurate prediction of construction compaction quality through informatization detection method is an important guarantee for speeding up construction progress and ensuring subgrade compaction quality. Based on the function of the system, this paper puts forward the principle of system development and the development mode used in system development, and displays the development system in real-time to achieve the whole process control of subgrade construction quality.

Exercise Capacity in Chronic Heart Failure

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina G Mentzer ◽  
Alex J Auseon
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Pharmacologic Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Future Therapy

Heart failure (HF) affects more than 5 million people and has an increasing incidence and cost burden. Patients note symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue that result in a decreased quality of life, which has not drastically improved over the past decades despite advances in therapies. The assessment of exercise capacity can provide information regarding patient diagnosis and prognosis, while doubling as a potential future therapy. clinically, there is acceptance that exercise is safe in hf and can have a positive impact on morbidity and quality of life, although evidence for improvement in mortality is still lacking. specific prescriptions for exercise training have not been developed because many variables and confounding factors have prevented research trials from demonstrating an ideal regimen. Physicians are becoming more aware of the indices and goals for hf patients in exercise testing and therapy to provide comprehensive cardiac care. it is further postulated that a combination of exercise training and pharmacologic therapy may eventually provide the most benefits to those suffering from hf.

Bioethics In Neurospinal Patient Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Andi Asadul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Hippocratic Oath ◽  
Moral Vision ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Harvey Cushing ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
Realistic Approach ◽  
Cord Injury

Neurosurgery is among the newest of surgical disciplines, appearing in its modern incarnation at the dawn of twentieth century with the work of Harvey Cushing and contemporaries. Neurosurgical ethics involves challenges of manipulating anatomical locus of human identity and concerns of surgeons and patients who find themselves bound together in that venture.In recent years, neurosurgery ethics has taken on greater relevance as changes in society and technology have brought novel questions into sharp focus. Change of expanded armamentarium of techniques for interfacing with the human brain and spine— demand that we use philosophical reasoning to assess merits of technical innovations.Bioethics can be defined as systematic study of moral challenges in medicine, including moral vision, decisions, conduct, and policies related to medicine. Every surgeon should still take the Hippocratic Oath seriously and consider it a basic guide to follow good medical ethics in medical practice. It is simple and embodies three of the four modern bioethics principles – Respecting autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice.Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition often affecting young and healthy individuals around the world. Currently, scientists are pressured on many fronts to develop an all-encompassing “cure” for paralysis. While scientific understanding of central nervous system (CNS) regeneration has advanced greatly in the past years, there are still many unknowns with regard to inducing successful regeneration. A more realistic approach is required if we are interested in improving the quality of life of a large proportion of the paralyzed population in a more expedient time frame.

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