scholarly journals High Efficiency Direct Shoot Organogenesis from Leaf Segments ofAerva lanata(L.) Juss. Ex Schult by Using Thidiazuron

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Varutharaju ◽  
C. Soundar Raju ◽  
C. Thilip ◽  
A. Aslam ◽  
A. Shajahan
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Leaf Segments ◽  
Direct Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Direct Shoot

An efficient protocol for direct shoot organogenesis has been developed for the medicinal plantAerva lanata(L.) Juss. ex Schult. Regeneration was achieved from leaf segments of 20 days oldin vitroplantlets raised on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.25–2.0 mg L−1thiadiazuron (TDZ), 3% sucrose, and 0.8% agar. After 21 days of culture incubation, maximum number of shoot organogenesis (23.6 ± 0.16) was obtained on medium containing 1.0 mg L−1TDZ. The shoots were able to producein vitroflowers on medium containing 1.0 mg L−1TDZ in combination with 0.25–0.5 mg L−1  α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Histological observation showed that the epidermal cells of the leaf explants exhibited continuous cell division led to formation of numerous dome shaped meristematic protrusions and subsequently developed into adventitious shoots. Upon transfer of shootlets to half strength MS medium containing 1.0 mg L−1indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), around 86% of the regenerated shoots formed roots and plantlets. Rooted plants were hardened and successfully established in the soil at the survival rate of 92%. The regeneration protocol developed in this study provides an important method of micropropagation of this plant. Furthermore, this protocol may be used for a large scale production of its medicinally active compounds and genetic transformations for further improvement.

scholarly journals Induction of Direct Shoot Organogenesis from Shoot Tip Explants of an Ornamental Aquatic Plant, Cryptocoryne wendtii

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-302
Author(s):  
Sutha KLAOCHEED ◽  
Wanna JEHSU ◽  
Wanwilai CHOOJUN ◽  
Kanchit THAMMASIRI ◽  
Somporn PRASERTSONGSKUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants ◽  
Direct Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Direct Shoot

Cryptocoryne wendtii is an important amphibious species with a wide range of foliage colors. Although it has a high market demand, the natural propagation of its aquatic species is limited due to the limited production on the number of plants with a long cultivation period, disease, and the requirement for a large space for propagation. Thus, we studied the effects of the plant growth regulators and their concentrations on the induction of direct shoot organogenesis from shoot tip explants of Cryptocoryne wendtii. The shoot tips were sterilized on its surface using 8 % Clorox® (5.25 % sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl) for 15 min followed by rinsing them three times with sterile distilled water. They were again sterilized on the surface for another 4 % Clorox® (5.25 % sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl) for 5 min. Cytokinins played a crucial role in direct shoot organogenesis. Direct shoot organogenesis from shoot tip explants was promoted by incubating these explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium [1] in the presence of two different cytokinins [6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP) or Kinetin (Kin)], each provided at four different levels. Direct shoot organogenesis was induced in both explants. Shooting occurred 100 % from in vitro shoot tip explants, which was cultured on MS medium and supplemented with 3.0 mg/l BAP. This was significantly different from the other treatments with the highest number of 16.20 shoots per explant and number of leaves at 72.40 leaves per explant after 60 days of culture. Individual shoots, aseptically excised, which produced normal roots within 45 days on the MS medium supplemented with α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest number of roots per shoot and the longest roots were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l NAA (100 % rooting, which was an average of 36 roots per plantlet and root length at 26.02 mm). Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened and established in pots containing a mixture of organic soil and sand (1:1) overlaid with tap water under greenhouse conditions at 90 % survival. This complete study has successfully outlined a rapid, high frequency direct shoot organogenesis induction of an ornamental aquatic plant, Cryptocoryne wendtii from shoot tip explants inclusive of shoot proliferation, rooting and acclimatization. The present in vitro propagation protocol would facilitate an alternative method for rapid, large-scale production and germplasm preservation of this important endangered species C. wendtii.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY OF DIRECT SHOOT ORGANOGENESIS IN LEAVES OF VITIS VINIFERA

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1353E-1354
Author(s):  
Sheila M. Colby ◽  
Adrian M. Juncosa ◽  
James A. Stamp ◽  
Carole P. Meredith
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Developmental Anatomy ◽  
Direct Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Direct Shoot

The developmental anatomy of direct shoot organogenesis from in vitro leaves of Vitis vinifera L. cv. French Colombard was studied by light microscopy. Regenerating petiole stubs of leaf explants were fixed at intervals and were sectioned longitudinally to determine the developmental sequence of direct shoot organogenesis. After 6 days, three distinct regions of meristematic activity were apparent within expanding petiole stub: the wound-response, organogenic, and vascularization regions. In the organogenic region, divisions of vacuolate outer cortical cells formed nodular bumps that sometimes became adventitious leaves. Promeristems, which had the potential to become adventitious shoot meristems, were also initiated asynchronously in the organogenic region. Promeristem initiation occurred by two or several synchronous cell divisions occurring in the epidermal and subepidermal cell layers. Adventitious shoots and leaves developed new vascular bundles that connected to the pre-existing vascular bundles of the explant.

scholarly journals A Laboratory Exercise to Demonstrate Direct and Indirect Shoot Organogenesis from Leaves of Torenia fournieri

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Bridgen ◽  
Masood Z. Hadi ◽  
Madeleine Spencer-Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Torenia Fournieri ◽  
Laboratory Exercise ◽  
Direct Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Direct Shoot

A laboratory exercise on direct and indirect organogenesis from leaf explants is presented for students of plant tissue culture or plant propagation. Torenia fournieri, the wishbone flower, is used for this laboratory exercise because the in vitro production of adventitious shoots from Torenia is easy to control, seeds are easy to obtain, and plants are easy to grow. Direct shoot organogenesis results from leaf explants without an intervening callus phase, and indirect shoot organogenesis is possible after 4 to 6 weeks of callus production from leaf explants. The basal medium for all forms of organogenesis contains Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and vitamins, 30 g sucrose/liter, and 7 g agar/liter at pH 5.7. To obtain direct shoot organogenesis, leaf explants should be placed on the MS basal medium with 1.1 μM (0.25 mg·liter-1) 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.25 μM (0.05 mg·liter-1) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). If leaf explants are placed on MS medium with 2.3 μM (0.5 mg·liter-1) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), callus formation will occur. Callus can be subcultured onto a MS medium with 8.88 μM BAP (2.0 mg·liter-1) plus 2.5 μM IBA (0.5 mg·liter-1) for indirect shoot organogenesis to occur.

scholarly journals Shoot Regeneration Rates of Perennial Phlox are Dependant on Cultivar and Explant Type

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1373-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Fraga ◽  
Mertxe Alonso ◽  
Marisé Borja
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Virus Elimination ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Shoot Initiation

Meristem culture and/or thermotherapy were used for virus elimination from ornamental Phlox paniculata L. (`Blue Boy', `Orange perfection' and `Starfire') mother plants. Shoot tip, leaf, node and flower ovary explants collected from greenhouse-maintained virus free plants were cultured in vitro for shoot initiation. Adventitious shoot initiation was observed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing the cytokinin BA with or without the auxin NAA. The addition of 0.4 mg·L-1 thiamine, 0.4 mg·L-1 folic acid, and 40 mg·L-1 adenine sulfate to the MS medium did not improve the regeneration rate. Multiplication and rooting were genotype dependent. Blue Boy and Orange Perfection cultivars regenerated the maximum number of shoots from leaf explants. `Blue Boy' leaf explants from in vitro plants had a lower regeneration rate than explants from greenhouse plants. Cultivar `Starfire' had the highest shoot formation with open flower ovary explants and failed to regenerate from leaf explants. In vitro rooting of adventitious shoots in the presence of auxins (IAA, NAA, or IBA) with or without BA was less effective than ex vitro rooting. Chemical names used: 6-benzyladenine (BA); indole-acetic acid (IAA); indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

scholarly journals (405) Regeneration of Venus Fly Trap (Dionaea muscipula Ellis) from Leaf Culture

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062F-1063
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Ahmad ◽  
Syed M. A. Zobayed ◽  
Praveen K. Saxena ◽  
David M. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Carnivorous Plant ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Direct Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Direct Shoot

Dionaeamuscipula Ellis commonly known as Venus fly trap is an important carnivorous plant with medicinal importance. It contains certain secondary metabolites like naphthoquinones and is used in anti-aid and anti-cancer drugs and other medicines like Cornivora. Increasing interest and use as an ornamental and medicinal plant, and dietary supplement have put it in an endangered state. Development of in vitro techniques for the preservation of germplasm that is on the brink of extinction is highly demanded. A regeneration protocol for the multiplication and micropropagation of Dionaeamuscipla Ellis was established. In vitro regeneration potential of leaf explants in different concentrations and combinations of plant growth substances was investigated in this study. Seeds were grown and leaf disc explants were excised and cultured under aseptic conditions on nutritional medium containing half strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) mix with combinations of 1.0–20.0 μm BA, 2.5.0 μm IBA, 1.0–10.0 μm 2iP and 0.1–0.5μm TDZ. The cultures were kept in growth cabinet with cool white light (40–60 μmol·m-2·s-1) under 16-h photoperiod. Regeneration was recorded after 60 days with the intervals of 15 days based on the degree of shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. 1/2 MS + 0.1 TDZ appeared to be efficient for somatic embryogenesis and simple MS for direct shoot organogenesis. 1/2 MS combined with 2iP appeared to be efficient for regeneration either by direct shoot organogenesis or by somatic embryogenesis. Plants were rooted well in Cape Cundew medium. These investigations will aid in the development of a model system for clonal mass propagation and in vitro regeneration of Dionaeamuscipla Ellis.

scholarly journals (280) Plant Regeneration of Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) from In Vitro Leaf Tissues

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1050E-1051
Author(s):  
Wenhao Dai ◽  
Victoria Jacques
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Periwinkle, a perennial commonly used as a summer bedding plant, is known as the source of vinca alkaloids used to treat lymphocytic leukemia and Hodgkin's disease. It is also one of the natural hosts of many phytoplasma diseases, such as X-disease of major Prunus species, aster yellows, and ash yellows diseases. Therefore, periwinkle is an ideal plant species for phytoplasma disease research, such as disease transmission, species resistance, and resistant gene screening. Periwinkle tissue culture was established by incubating sterile seeds in hormone-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Plants were successfully regenerated from in vitro leaf tissues of periwinkle. Adventitious shoots were induced when leaf tissues were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium or woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with benzyladenine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Nearly 75% of leaf explants produced shoots in both media with 10–20 μm BA and 1 μm NAA. A mean of 4.3 shoots was produced from each explant cultured on WPM, whereas only 2 shoots were produced on MS medium under 16-h photoperiod. Leaf explants under dark treatment for 2 weeks produced big callus only, indicating that light is necessary for shoot formation. Most adventitious shoots were induced from the joint of leaf blade and petiole. In vitro shoots (>1.5 cm) were easily rooted in half-strength MS medium. Addition of NAA dramatically increased root number, with more than 20 roots being induced in 5 μm NAA medium. Rooted plants were transferred to potting medium and grown in a greenhouse.

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