scholarly journals Effect of Physician Gender on Demand for Pap Tests

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tsui-Fang Lin ◽  
Jennjou Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Preventive Healthcare ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Pap Tests ◽  
The Government ◽  
Female Nurses

People’s demand for preventive medical care is one type of investment in health. The aim of this paper is to examine women’s demand for secondary prevention in Taiwan, focusing on the role a physician’s gender plays in women’s inclination to undergo Pap tests. Our estimation results show that regional ratio of female doctors has a positive and significant effect on utilization of Pap tests for the full sample and for women aged below 30. In addition, doctor’s gender matters only in utilization of Pap tests not in other types of preventive healthcare services in Taiwan. We suggest that the government may consider liberalizing medical laws to make it legal for trained female nurses or nurse practitioners to perform Pap tests in order to encourage the utilization of Pap tests, especially in rural and mountain areas. The government may also consider subsidizing the use of cervical cancer vaccines to help females prevent cervical cancer.

Corrupt Practices in the Public Health Sector: A Focus on Metropolitan Local Government Areas of Kano State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mustapha Namadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Sector ◽  
The Government

Corruption is pervasive in Nigeria at all levels. Thus, despite recent gains in healthcare provision, the health sector faces numerous corruption related challenges. This study aims at examining areas of corruption in the health sector with specific focus on its types and nature. A sample size of 480 respondents aged 18 years and above was drawn from the eight Metropolitan Local Government Areas of Kano State, using the multistage sampling technique. The results revealed evidence of corrupt practices including those related to unnecessary-absenteeism, diversion of patients from the public health facilities to the private sector, diverting money meant for the purchase of equipment, fuel and diesel, bribery, stealing of medications, fraud, misappropriation of medications and unjustifiable reimbursement claims. In order to resolve the problem of corrupt practices in the healthcare sector, the study recommended the need for enforcement of appropriate code of ethics guiding the conduct of the health professionals, adoption of anti-corruption strategies, and strengthening the government monitoring system to check corruption in public health sector in order to ensure equitable access to healthcare services among the under-privileged people in the society.

Funding models and expenditures with primary healthcare in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil metropolitan area

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Vivas ◽  
M Duarte ◽  
A Pitta ◽  
B Christovam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Healthcare Budget ◽  
Health Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background The government investments in quality primary healthcare are the basis to strengthening the health systems and monitoring the public expenditure in this area is a way to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the public health policies. The Brazil Ministry of Health changed, in 2017, the method of onlending federal resources to states and cities seeking to make the public funds management more flexible. This change, however, suppressed mandatory investments in primary healthcare. This research aims to determine the difference of expenditures on primary healthcare in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil metropolitan area before and after this funding reform, seeking to verify how it can impact the quality of primary healthcare services and programs. Methods This is an ecological time-series study that used data obtained in the Brazil Ministry of Health budget reports. The median and interquartile range of expenditures on primary healthcare (set as the percentage of total public health budget applied in primary care services and programs) of the 13 cities in the Salvador metropolitan area were compared two years before and after the reform. Results The median of expenditures on primary healthcare in Salvador metropolitan area was 25.5% (13,9% - 32,2%) of total public health budget before and 24.8% (20.8% - 30.0%) of total public health budget after the reform (-0.7% difference). Seven cities decreased the expenditures on primary healthcare after the reform, ranging from 1.2% to 10.8% reduction in the primary healthcare budget in five years. Conclusions Expenditures on primary healthcare in Salvador metropolitan area decreased after the 2017 funding reform. Seven of 13 cities reduced the government investments on primary healthcare services and programs in this scenario. Although the overall difference was -0.7%, the budget cuts ranged from 1.2% to 10.8% in the analyzed period and sample. More studies should assess these events in wide areas and with long time ranges. Key messages Public health funding models can impact the primary healthcare settings regardless of the health policy. Reforms in the funding models should consider the possible benefits before implementation. Funding models and methods that require mandatory investments in primary healthcare may be considered over more flexible ones.

scholarly journals The Influence of Land Use Change on Key Ecosystem Services and Their Relationships in a Mountain Region from Past to Future (1995–2050)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Jie Gao ◽  
Xuguang Tang ◽  
Shiqiu Lin ◽  
Hongyan Bian
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
Steep Slopes

The ecosystem services (ESs) provided by mountain regions can bring about benefits to people living in and around the mountains. Ecosystems in mountain areas are fragile and sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance. Understanding the effect of land use change on ESs and their relationships can lead to sustainable land use management in mountain regions with complex topography. Chongqing, as a typical mountain region, was selected as the site of this research. The long-term impacts of land use change on four key ESs (i.e., water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), carbon storage (CS), and habitat quality (HQ)) and their relationships were assessed from the past to the future (at five-year intervals, 1995–2050). Three future scenarios were constructed to represent the ecological restoration policy and different socioeconomic developments. From 1995 to 2015, WY and SC experienced overall increases. CS and HQ increased slightly at first and then decreased significantly. A scenario analysis suggested that, if the urban area continues to increase at low altitudes, by 2050, CS and HQ are predicted to decrease moderately. However, great improvements in SC, HQ, and CS are expected to be achieved by the middle of the century if the government continues to make efforts towards vegetation restoration on the steep slopes.

scholarly journals Evidence for Range Expansion and Origins of an Invasive Hornet Vespa bicolor (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in Taiwan, with Notes on Its Natural Status

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Sheng-Shan Lu ◽  
Junichi Takahashi ◽  
Wen-Chi Yeh ◽  
Ming-Lun Lu ◽  
Jing-Yi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Expansion ◽  
Ecological Niche Modeling ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Colony Losses ◽  
Short Branch ◽  
Branch Lengths ◽  
The Government ◽  
Central Taiwan

The invasive alien species (IAS) Vespa bicolor is the first reported hornet that has established in Taiwan and is concerning as they prey on honeybee Apis mellifera, which leads to colony losses and public concerns. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the current status of V. bicolor abundance, dispersal, and impact and to trace the origins of Taiwan’s V. bicolor population. Our studies took place in five areas in northern to central Taiwan. We used mtDNA in the phylogenetic analyses. Field survey and ecological niche modeling (ENM) were used to understand the origins and current range of the invasive species. Two main subgroups of V. bicolor in the phylogenetic tree were found, and a clade with short branch lengths in Southeastern China and Taiwan formed a subgroup, which shows that the Taiwan population may have invaded from a single event. Evidence shows that V. bicolor is not a severe pest to honeybees in the study area; however, using ENM, we predict the rapid dispersion of this species to the cooler and hilly mountain areas of Taiwan. The management of V. bicolor should also involve considering it a local pest to reduce loss by beekeepers and public fear in Taiwan. Our findings highlight how the government, beekeepers, and researchers alike should be aware of the implications of V. bicolor’s rapid range expansion in Taiwan, or in other countries.

scholarly journals Telemedicine: A Paradigm Shift in Healthcare in the wake of COVID-19 in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ria Saha ◽  
Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
The Government ◽  
Institutional Challenges

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the delivery of essential healthcare services in India. The massive disruption of the routine healthcare services had been circumvented to a certain extent with the application of telemedicine. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Government of India has issued regulatory guidelines and approved Registered Medical Practitioners (RMP) to adopt the usage of teleconsultation service which can be real-time or asynchronous to minimise the risk of disease transmission. The commentary provides an in-depth review of the regulatory guidelines implemented by the Government of India and discusses the inherent structural and fundamental challenges associated with its wide scale adoption, accessibility, and utilisation. Though the Government of India had issued national guidelines to promote safe and effective usage of telemedicine practice, there remains certain primary structural, technical and institutional challenges regarding expansion of uninterrupted services to periurban and rural peripheral health facilities and its nationwide sustainability. The article demands the attention of the policymakers and relevant stakeholders to identify the inherent bottlenecks intrinsic to the guidelines and amend the regulatory framework accordingly to ensure its long-term sustainability.

scholarly journals Ayushman Bharat Yojana: a memorable health initiative for Indians

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Dhaka ◽  
Ramesh Verma ◽  
Ginni Agrawal ◽  
Gopal Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Health Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Insurance Cover ◽  
The Government

India in a state of epidemiological health transition i.e shifting from communicable to non-communicable diseases. The annually 3.2% Indians falling below the poverty line and three forth Indians spending their entire income on health care and purchasing drugs. The government of India announced a Ayushman Bharat Yojana- National Health Protection Scheme (AB-NHPM) in the year 2018.  The aim of this programme is to providing a service to create a healthy, capable and content new India and two goals are to creating a network of health and wellness infrastructure across the nation to deliver comprehensive primary healthcare services and to provide health insurance cover to at least 40% of India's population which is deprived of secondary and tertiary care services. This Yojana will be implemented through Health and Wellness Centres that are to be developed in the primary health centre or sub-centre in the village and that will provide preventive, promotive, and curative care for non-communicable diseases, dental, mental, geriatric care, palliative care, etc. These centres would be equipped with basic medical tests for hypertension, diabetic and cancer and they are connected to the district hospital for advanced tele-medical consultations. The government has aims to set up 1,50,000 health and wellness centres across the country by the year 2022.

scholarly journals Conocimiento y actitudes hacia el virus del papiloma humano en una población de universitarios españoles = Knowledge and attitudes towards human papillomavirus in a population of Spanish university students

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Ubaldo Cuesta Cambra
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Young People ◽  
University Students ◽  
Preventive Healthcare ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Prevention And Early Detection ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

Resumen: El virus del papiloma humano se relaciona con varios tipos de cáncer como el de cuello de útero (CCU), orofarínge, pene o ano. Más de 4.000 mujeres mueren al año por CCU en EEUU y más de 2.000 en España a pesar de la vacunación y aunque estos cánceres son prevenibles mediante la prevención y detección precoz. Por lo tanto, el conocimiento y comprensión del VPH son vitales para su prevención y normalización. Este trabajo evalúa el conocimiento de los jóvenes sobre el VPH, su actitud hacia las revisiones o a hablar de él. Se realizó un diseño descriptivo transversal con jóvenes universitarios. Los participantes mostraron un bajo conocimiento sobre el VPH, sobre su transmisión, detección y medidas preventivas. Muchos no saben que afecta a hombres o su relación con el CCU. No creen que las revisiones sean importantes y sienten vergüenza de hablar del VPH o de que sepan que lo padecen. Los datos muestran la necesidad de complementar las campañas de vacunación con intervenciones informativas y de comunicación sexual entre jóvenes y padres, la necesidad de campañas para la concienciación sobre las revisiones y comprensión de la enfermedad que ayuden a su normalización.Palabras clave: Virus Papiloma Humano; salud pública; prevención de enfermedades; jóvenes; enfermedades de transmisión sexual.Abstract: Human Papillomavirus is related to various types of cancer such as cervical cancer, oropharyngeal, penis and anus. More than 4.000 women died per year because of cervical cancer in EEUU and over 2.000 in Spain despite vaccination and although these cancers are preventable through prevention and early detection. Therefore, knowledge and understanding of HPV are vital for its prevention and its normalization. This work evaluates young people’s knowledge about HPV, their attitude toward reviews, or discusses HPV. A transversal descriptive design was carried out with university students. Young people showed low knowledge about HPV, its transmission, detection and preventive steps. Many do not knowits affection to men or their relationship with cervical cancer. Young people do not think the check-ups are important and they feel embarrassed about talking about HPV or if others know they are affected by it. Data shows the need to complement vaccination campaigns with informative and sexual commu nication interventions among young people and parents, and the need of campaigns for the awareness of the check-ups and the understanding of the disease to help to its normalization.Keywords: Human Papillomavirus; Public health; Preventive healthcare; Health promotion; Young people; sexual transmitted diseases.

scholarly journals How Company Manage Stakeholder Engagement For Sustainable Tourism Development In Indonesia?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Gayatri Atmadi
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
The Government

The background of this research is that in the past, the increasing trend of mountain climbing in Indonesia has reportedly raised environmental problems, especially regarding the tremendous volume of rubbish left behind mountain climbers.  Plastic waste threatens the Indonesia tourism industry in mountain areas. The government stated that the continuously increasing plastic waste threatens to ruin Indonesia's tourism sector. The mineral water industry is one of the government's primary focuses in its plastic waste reduction. As Indonesia's largest plastic-bottled mineral water brand, Aqua is pledging to remove more plastic from the environment than it uses by 2025. The purpose of the research is to get a descriptive analysis of how the company can manage its stakeholder engagement for reducing plastic waste in Indonesia. This research employed a qualitative narrative analysis method with a case study around Aqua’s efforts for reducing plastic waste in Indonesia and data collected from digital media. The principal results of the research show that Aqua made good collaboration between the Trashbag Community Indonesia, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, and media journalists on the program “Sapujagad 2017" by removing 5 tons of rubbish from Indonesia's mountains. In conclusion, a successful company must do stakeholder engagement and corporate social responsibility activities for supporting sustainable tourism development in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Using photovoice to understand the context of cervical cancer screening for underserved communities in rural India

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Prajakta Adsul ◽  
Shivamma Nayaka ◽  
Rashmi Pramathesh ◽  
Savitha Gowda ◽  
Poornima Jaykrishna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Underserved Communities ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
The Social

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed among women in India and current estimates indicate low screening rates. To implement successful population-based screening programs, there is an urgent need to explore the social and cultural beliefs among women residing in underserved communities. An innovative, community-based participatory approach called photovoice was used with 14 women aged between 30–51 years, residing in rural and tribal villages around Mysore, Karnataka, India. Each participant was trained in photovoice techniques, provided with a digital camera, and asked to photo document their everyday realities that could influence their intentions to undergo cervical cancer screening. Over 6 months, participants took a total of 136 photos and participated in 42 individual interviews and two group discussions. These data helped identify specific beliefs prevalent in the target population and were organized according to the Integrated Behavior Model. Some women reported a lack of perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer whereas others mentioned the fatal nature of cancer as a disease and believed that no screening exam could prevent death if they were destined to get cancer. Husbands, mothers-in-law, and their peers in the community had an important influence on the social identity of women and influenced their intentions to participate in the screening exams. Seeking healthcare was associated with an economic burden, not only in terms of out-of-pocket expenses for healthcare services but also in missing daily labor wages or taking unpaid leave from work to seek healthcare when they were asymptomatic. Several action steps were proposed including: identifying community liaisons or champions, repeated community activities to raise awareness of cervical cancer, and educating men and other family members about women’s health issues. Study findings can conceptually help design and develop educational efforts for mobilizing women to undergo screening and inform future research to help understand disparities.

Adherence to Cervical Cancer Screening in Korean American Immigrant Women: Identifying Malleable Variables for Intervention Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 104365962091469
Author(s):  
Hee Yun Lee ◽  
Y. Joon Choi ◽  
Jihee Shin ◽  
Young Ji Yoon ◽  
Soonok An
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Korean American ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Tests ◽  
Study Results

Introduction. Despite Korean American women having a high incidence rate of cervical cancer, many are unaware of the significance of Pap test. The purpose of this research was to examine the rates of Pap test receipt and factors associated with the uptake. Method. The study was guided by Andersen’s Model of Health Service Use and used a cross-sectional research design. A sample of 230 women residing in metro-Atlanta, Georgia, participated in this study. Results. Slightly more than half (55.7%) had lifetime Pap tests while less than half (45.7%) had it within the last 3 years. Binary logistic regression indicated that marital status, monthly income, and annual checkups were significantly correlated with receiving Pap tests. Discussion. Special attention is needed for women who are unmarried and have low income to increase Pap test receipt. Suggested intervention programs include better communication strategies, extended Medicare coverage, and outreach programs within Korean American community.

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