scholarly journals A Robust Fractal Color Image Watermarking Algorithm

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Lu ◽  
Yuru Zou ◽  
Chaoying Yang ◽  
Lijing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Coding Method ◽  
Gray Level Image ◽  
Color Pixel ◽  
Mean Vector

One of the main objectives of watermarking is to achieve a better tradeoff between robustness and high visual quality of a host image. In recent years, there has been a significant development in gray-level image watermarking using fractal-based method. This paper presents a human visual system (HVS) based fractal watermarking method for color images. In the proposed method, a color pixel is considered as a 3-D vector inRGBspace. And a general form of 3 × 3 matrix is utilized as the scaling operator. Meanwhile, the luminance offset vector is substituted by the range block mean vector. Then an orthogonalization fractal color coding method is achieved to obtain very high image quality. We also show that the orthogonalization fractal color decoding is a mean vector-invariant iteration. So, the range block mean vector is a good place for hiding watermark. Furthermore, for consistency with the characteristics of the HVS, we carry out the embedding process in theCIE La*b*space and incorporate a just noticeable difference (JND) profile to ensure the watermark invisibility. Experimental results show that the proposed method has good robustness against various typical attacks, at the same time, with an imperceptible change in image quality.

scholarly journals Spatial-Perceptual Embedding with Robust Just Noticeable Difference Model for Color Image Watermarking

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhou ◽  
Yunming Zhang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yantong Zhan ◽  
Wenbo Wan
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Quantization Step ◽  
Dct Domain ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Robust Image ◽  
Perceptual Characteristics

In the robust image watermarking framework, watermarks are usually embedded in the direct current (DC) coefficients in discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain, since the DC coefficients have a larger perceptual capacity than any alternating current (AC) coefficients. However, DC coefficients are also excluded from watermark embedding with the consideration of avoiding block artifacts in watermarked images. Studies on human vision suggest that perceptual characteristics can achieve better image fidelity. With this perspective, we propose a novel spatial–perceptual embedding for a color image watermarking algorithm that includes the robust just-noticeable difference (JND) guidance. The logarithmic transform function is used for quantization embedding. Meanwhile, an adaptive quantization step is modeled by incorporating the partial AC coefficients. The novelty and effectiveness of the proposed framework are supported by JND perceptual guidance for spatial pixels. Experiments validate that the proposed watermarking algorithm produces a significantly better performance.

Color in Image Watermarking

2010 ◽  
pp. 36-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaël Chareyron ◽  
Jérôme Da Rugna ◽  
Alain Trémeau
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
The State ◽  
Color Images ◽  
Gray Level ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Color Channel ◽  
Multimedia Contents ◽  
Gray Level Image

This chapter summarizes the state-of-the-art color techniques used in the emerging field of image watermarking. It is now well understood that a color approach is required when it comes to deal with security, steganography and watermarking applications of multimedia contents. Indeed, consumers and business expectations are focused on the protection of their contents, which are here color images and videos. In the past few years, several gray-level image watermarking schemes have been proposed but their application to color image is often inadequate since they usually work with the luminance or with individual color channel. Unfortunately, color cannot be considered as a simple RGB decomposition and all of its intrinsic information must be integrated in the watermarking process. Therefore, it is the chapter objective to present, first, the major difficulties associated with the treatment of color images, and second, the state-of-the-art methods used in the field of color image watermarking.

scholarly journals Consideration of A Robust Watermarking Algorithm for Color Image Using Improved QR Decomposition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Thi Nha ◽  
Ta Minh Thanh ◽  
Nguyen Tua Phong
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Qr Decomposition ◽  
Watermark Image ◽  
Robust Watermarking ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Digital Multimedia ◽  
Watermarking Scheme

Abstract In order to protect the color image copyright protection of the digital multimedia, it is necessary to design a color image watermarking algorithm. To achieve this purpose, an improved color image watermarking scheme based on QR decomposition for color image matrix is proposed in this paper. The proposed method gives a new algorithm to find elements of Q and R matrices instead of using Gram-Schmidt algorithm for QR factorization. First, R matrix is performed by solving a set of linear equations where diagonal elements of R are checked and modified if they are zero or negative. After that, Q matrix is computed based on R matrix. In addition, a novel formula is proposed to improve extracting time where the first element R(1,1) of R matrix is found instead of computing QR decomposition as the previous proposals. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other methods considered in this paper in term of the quality of the watermarked images and the robustness of embedding method. Furthermore, the execution time is significantly improved and the watermark image is more robust under some tested attacks.

scholarly journals A Robust Color Image Watermarking Scheme using Chaos for Copyright Protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-378
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asif Khan ◽  
Umar Ajaib Khan ◽  
Asim Ali ◽  
Fawad Hussain ◽  
Wasif Nisar
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Logistic Map ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Copyright Information ◽  
Watermarking Scheme

An exponential growth in multimedia applications has led to fast adoption of digital watermarking phenomena to protect the copyright information and authentication of digital contents. A novel spatial domain symmetric color image robust watermarking scheme based on chaos is presented in this research. The watermark is generated using chaotic logistic map and optimized to improve inherent properties and to achieve robustness. The embedding is performed at 3 LSBs (Least Significant Bits) of all the three color components of the host image. The sensitivity of the chaotic watermark along with redundant embedding approach makes the entire watermarking scheme highly robust, secure and imperceptible. In this paper, various image quality analysis metrics such as homogeneity, contrast, entropy, PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), UIQI (Universal Image Quality Index) and SSIM (Structural Similarity Index Measures) are measures to analyze proposed scheme. The proposed technique shows superior results against UIQI. Further, the watermark image with proposed scheme is tested against various image-processing attacks. The robustness of watermarked image against attacks such as cropping, filtering, adding random noises and JPEG compression, rotation, blurring, darken etc. is analyzed. The Proposed scheme shows strong results that are justified in this paper. The proposed scheme is symmetric; therefore, reversible process at extraction entails successful extraction of embedded watermark.

A color image watermarking framework for copyright protection of stereo images based on binocular just noticeable difference and LU decomposition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David-Octavio Muñoz-Ramírez ◽  
Beatriz-Paulina García-Salgado ◽  
Volodymyr Ponomaryov ◽  
Rogelio Reyes-Reyes ◽  
Sergiy Sadovnychiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
Lu Decomposition ◽  
Stereo Images ◽  
Color Image Watermarking

Combining double random phase encoding for color image watermarking in quaternion gyrator domain

2015 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuhong Shao ◽  
Yuping Duan ◽  
Gouenou Coatrieux ◽  
Jiasong Wu ◽  
Jinyu Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Random Phase ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Phase Encoding ◽  
Double Random Phase Encoding ◽  
Random Phase Encoding
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