scholarly journals Protective Effects of Quercetin against Dimethoate-Induced Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity in Allium sativum Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waseem Ahmad ◽  
Sibhghatulla Shaikh ◽  
Nazia Nazam ◽  
Mohammad Iqbal Lone
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Plant Test ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Root Tip Cells

The present investigation was directed to study the possible protective activity of quercetin—a natural antioxidant against dimethoate-induced cyto- and genotoxicity in meristematic cells of Allium sativum. So far there is no report on the biological properties of quercetin in plant test systems. Chromosome breaks, multipolar anaphase, stick chromosome, and mitotic activity were undertaken in the current study as markers of cyto- and genotoxicity. Untreated control, quercetin controls (@ 5, 10 and 20 μg/mL for 3 h), and dimethoate exposed groups (@ 100 and 200 μg/mL for 3 h) were maintained. For protection against cytogenotoxicity, the root tip cells treated with dimethoate at 100 and 200 μg/mL for 3 h and quercetin treatment at 5, 10, and 20 μg/mL for 16 h, prior to dimethoate treatment, were undertaken. Quercetin was found to be neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic in Allium sativum control at these doses. A significant increase P<0.05 in chromosomal aberrations was noted in dimethoate treated Allium. Pretreatment of Allium sativum with quercetin significantly P<0.05 reduced dimethoate-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in meristematic cells, and these effects were dose dependent. In conclusion, quercetin has a protective role in the abatement of dimethoate-induced cyto- and genotoxicity in the meristematic cells of Allium sativum that resides, at least in part, on its antioxidant effects.

Persistence of Nucleolar Material During Mitosis in Root Meristematic Cells of Allium sativum

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 272-273
Author(s):  
L. Hanzely
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Late Prophase ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Nucleolar Material ◽  
Root Meristematic Cells ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

Nucleoli are generally thought to be organelles lacking a continuity during cell division, i.e., they disperse during late prophase and reform within the daughter nuclei at telophase. Recently, however, nucleoli have been shown to persist during mitosis in several plant and animal species (e.g., references 1-4). In this report, evidence is presented indicating the persistence of nucleolar material throughout mitosis in root tip cells of Allium sativum.

scholarly journals THE CYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN ROOT TIP CELLS

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Jensen ◽  
Leroy G. Kavaljian
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

The intracellular distribution of ascorbic acid was studied in frozen-dried root tips of Allium cepa and Vicia faba by the silver nitrate procedure. The sites of the ascorbic acid as indicated by the deposited silver appear as spherical (0.2 to 0.6 µ in diameter) cytoplasmic particles. The site appears to have small amounts of lipides and to be rich in ribonucleic acid. These particles are concluded to be submicroscopic in size and associated, in the elongating cell, with the cell surface. In the meristematic cells they appear fewer in number and are distributed throughout the cytoplasm.

scholarly journals Cytological Responses of Root-tip Cells of Allium sativum to Smoke Puffs from Various Types of Cigarettes

CYTOLOGIA ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Bhalla ◽  
R. C. Arnold ◽  
P. S. Sabharwal
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

Physiological responses and chromosomal aberration in root tip cells of Allium sativum L. to cerium treatments

2016 ◽  
Vol 409 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 447-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu-Man Xu ◽  
Ya-Zhe Wang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Jing-Sheng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberration ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

scholarly journals Genetic Damage Induced by a Food Coloring Dye (Sunset Yellow) on Meristematic Cells ofBrassica campestrisL.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kshama Dwivedi ◽  
Girjesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dye ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sunset Yellow ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Control Sets ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Root Tip Cells ◽  
Partial Genome

We have performed the present piece of work to evaluate the effect of synthetic food coloring azo dye (sunset yellow) on actively dividing root tip cells ofBrassica campestrisL. Three doses of azo dye were administered for the treatment of actively dividing root tip cells, namely, 1%, 3%, and 5%, for 6-hour duration along with control. Mitotic analysis clearly revealed the azo dye induced endpoint deviation like reduction in the frequency of normal divisions in a dose dependent manner. Mitotic divisions in the control sets were found to be perfectly normal while dose based reduction in MI was registered in the treated sets. Azo dye has induced several chromosomal aberrations (genotoxic effect) at various stages of cell cycle such as stickiness of chromosomes, micronuclei formation, precocious migration of chromosome, unorientation, forward movement of chromosome, laggards, and chromatin bridge. Among all, stickiness of chromosomes was present in the highest frequency followed by partial genome elimination as micronuclei. The present study suggests that extensive use of synthetic dye should be forbidden due to genotoxic and cytotoxic impacts on living cells. Thus, there is an urgent need to assess potential hazardous effects of these dyes on other test systems like human and nonhuman biota for better scrutiny.

scholarly journals ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF OXIDASE ACTIVITIES IN CORN ROOT TIP CELLS WITH TWO NEW OSMIOPHILIC REAGENTS COMPARED TO DIAMINOBENZIDINE

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 611-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
IZHAK NIR ◽  
ARNOLD M. SELIGMAN
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Glutaraldehyde Fixation ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Root Meristematic Cells ◽  
Enzymatic Nature ◽  
Vacuolar Membranes ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

The ultracytochemical potential of N,N'-bis(4-aminophenyl)-1,3-xylylene-diamine (BAXD) and N,N'-bis(4-aminophenyl)-N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine (BED) as electron donors for plant oxidases was tested and compared to 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB). Incubations were 50-60 min, and osmication was for 60 min. Root meristematic cells which are rich in a variety of organelles and enzyme activities were used. Upon oxidation, BAXD produced intense staining of mitochondrial, amyloplast, Golgi and vacuolar membranes. Very intense homogenous staining of vesicles which varied in size and shape was also noted. BED in general was less readily enzymatically oxidized. This was seen as less intense or less frequent staining, particularly on mitochondrial cristae, when compared to BAXD. However, endoplasmic reticulum, plasmalemma and nuclear membrane were better stained with BED. Counterstaining was not used. In control experiments, inactivation by heat and by 2.5 hr of glutaraldehyde fixation were strong indications for the enzymatic nature of the oxidation. Experiments with catalase and peroxidase inhibitors provided evidence against the participation of these enzymes in the staining reactions. On the other hand, the oxidations were sensitive to cyanide (10–3 M). This concentration prevented almost completely the oxidation of BAXD, BED and DAB. Azide (10–2 M) was also an effective inhibitor, although less than 10–3 M cyanide. Although the precise nature of BED oxidase is not yet known, it may be of interest to compare these results in plants with those already published for rat liver and rat heart (Seligman AM, Wasserkrug HL, Plapinger RE: Histochemie 23:63, 1970).

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