scholarly journals Physical Exercise Reduces the Expression of RANTES and Its CCR5 Receptor in the Adipose Tissue of Obese Humans

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engin Baturcam ◽  
Jehad Abubaker ◽  
Ali Tiss ◽  
Mohamed Abu-Farha ◽  
Abdelkrim Khadir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Ccr5 Expression ◽  
Ccr5 Receptor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
First Time

RANTES and its CCR5 receptor trigger inflammation and its progression to insulin resistance in obese. In the present study, we investigated for the first time the effect of physical exercise on the expression of RANTES and CCR5 in obese humans. Fifty-seven adult nondiabetic subjects (17 lean and 40 obese) were enrolled in a 3-month supervised physical exercise. RANTES and CCR5 expressions were measured in PBMCs and subcutaneous adipose tissue before and after exercise. Circulating plasma levels of RANTES were also investigated. There was a significant increase in RANTES and CCR5 expression in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese compared to lean. In PBMCs, however, while the levels of RANTES mRNA and protein were comparable between both groups, CCR5 mRNA was downregulated in obese subjects (P<0.05). Physical exercise significantly reduced the expression of both RANTES and CCR5 (P<0.05) in the adipose tissue of obese individuals with a concomitant decrease in the levels of the inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-6, and P-JNK. Circulating RANTES correlated negatively with anti-inflammatory IL-1ra (P=0.001) and positively with proinflammatory IP-10 and TBARS levels (P<0.05). Therefore, physical exercise may provide an effective approach for combating the deleterious effects associated with obesity through RANTES signaling in the adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Effect of an Endurance and Strength Mixed Circuit Training on Regional Fat Thickness: The Quest for the “Spot Reduction”

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3845
Author(s):  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
Andrea Casolo ◽  
Matteo Saoncella ◽  
Carlo Bertaggia ◽  
Marco Fantin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Circuit Training ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traditional Resistance Training ◽  
Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Training Protocol

Accumulation of adipose tissue in specific body areas is related to many physiological and hormonal variables. Spot reduction (SR) is a training protocol aimed to stimulate lipolysis locally, even though this training protocol has not been extensively studied in recent years. Thus, the present study sought to investigate the effect of a circuit-training SR on subcutaneous adipose tissue in healthy adults. Methods: Fourteen volunteers were randomly assigned to spot reduction (SR) or to a traditional resistance training (RT) protocol. Body composition via bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and subcutaneous adipose tissue via skinfold and ultrasound were measured before and after eight weeks of training. Results: SR significantly reduced body mass (p < 0.05) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (p < 0.05). Conclusions: circuit-training SR may be an efficient strategy to reduce in a localized manner abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue depot.

Impaired postprandial clearance of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in adipose tissue in obese subjects

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. E588-E594 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Potts ◽  
S. W. Coppack ◽  
R. M. Fisher ◽  
S. M. Humphreys ◽  
G. F. Gibbons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Adipose tissue is an important site of clearance of circulating triacylglycerol (TAG), especially in the postprandial period. Postprandial lipemia is usually increased in obesity. We studied the extraction of TAG from plasma and TAG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) in subcutaneous adipose tissue in 11 control and 8 obese subjects before and after a mixed meal. Clearance of plasma TAG and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TAG was decreased in the obese subjects after an overnight fast. After the meal, chylomicron-TAG extraction increased in the control group whereas VLDL-TAG clearance decreased; these changes were not seen in the obese group, in whom the VLDL particles appeared to be better able to compete with the chylomicrons for clearance by lipoprotein lipase. In the control subjects, removal of TAG from the TRL in the postprandial period was accompanied by a shift toward addition of cholesterol to the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction; this was not observed in the obese subjects. We conclude that disturbed TRL-TAG clearance in adipose tissue is related both to the elevated plasma TAG concentrations and the depressed HDL-cholesterol concentrations typical of obesity.

scholarly journals RANTES release by human adipose tissue in vivo and evidence for depot-specific differences

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (6) ◽  
pp. E1262-E1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Madani ◽  
Kalypso Karastergiou ◽  
Nicola C. Ogston ◽  
Nazar Miheisi ◽  
Rahul Bhome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Circulating Levels

Obesity is associated with elevated inflammatory signals from various adipose tissue depots. This study aimed to evaluate release of regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) by human adipose tissue in vivo and ex vivo, in reference to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release. Arteriovenous differences of RANTES, MCP-1, and IL-6 were studied in vivo across the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in healthy Caucasian subjects with a wide range of adiposity. Systemic levels and ex vivo RANTES release were studied in abdominal subcutaneous, gastric fat pad, and omental adipose tissue from morbidly obese bariatric surgery patients and in thoracic subcutaneous and epicardial adipose tissue from cardiac surgery patients without coronary artery disease. Arteriovenous studies confirmed in vivo RANTES and IL-6 release in adipose tissue of lean and obese subjects and release of MCP-1 in obesity. However, in vivo release of MCP-1 and RANTES, but not IL-6, was lower than circulating levels. Ex vivo release of RANTES was greater from the gastric fat pad compared with omental ( P = 0.01) and subcutaneous ( P = 0.001) tissue. Epicardial adipose tissue released less RANTES than thoracic subcutaneous adipose tissue in lean ( P = 0.04) but not obese subjects. Indexes of obesity correlated with epicardial RANTES but not with systemic RANTES or its release from other depots. In conclusion, RANTES is released by human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo and in varying amounts by other depots ex vivo. While it appears unlikely that the adipose organ contributes significantly to circulating levels, local implications of this chemokine deserve further investigation.

scholarly journals Erratum: Permanence of molecular features of obesity in subcutaneous adipose tissue of ex-obese subjects

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 892-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Cancello ◽  
A Zulian ◽  
D Gentilini ◽  
M Mencarelli ◽  
A Della Barba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Subcutaneous adipose tissue measurements and better metabolic prediction

Open Medicine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Ristic ◽  
Dubravko Bokonjic ◽  
Vladimir Zivkovic ◽  
Vladimir Jakovljevic ◽  
Marija Zdravkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Homeostatic Model ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Anthropometric Markers ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe aim of the study was to establish the importance of an additional measurement of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SAT) on a predetermined position on the waistline, and its relation to waist measurements as an improvement of metabolic prediction in equally obese subjects. One hundred and forty two consecutive patients were enrolled in the study: stratified by weight as normal (body mass index — BMI 20–25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m2) and obese (BMI >30 kg/m2); and by fasting glucose level as normoglycemic, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), or with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SAT was measured in relaxed expiration, 3 cm left of the umbilicus, with ultrasound. Fasting blood samples for glucose, insulin and HbAlc were taken. Waist circumference was slightly higher in the IFG (112.8 cm) and normoglycemic groups (115.62 cm), compared to T2DM (108.15 cm). The T2DM group had a lower average SAT (2.7 cm) than both the IFG group (3.4 cm, p<0.01) and the normoglycemic group (4.2cm, p=0.001). The homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA IR) was the lowest in normoglycemic and the highest in IFG group. Waistline radius to SAT ratio provides better insight into the deterioration of glucose metabolism than standard anthropometric markers of abdominal obesity in equally obese patients.

scholarly journals Characterization of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue transcriptome in pregnant women with and without spontaneous labor at term: implication of alternative splicing in the metabolic adaptations of adipose tissue to parturition

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shali Mazaki-Tovi ◽  
Adi L. Tarca ◽  
Edi Vaisbuch ◽  
Juan Pedro Kusanovic ◽  
Nandor Gabor Than ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Q Value ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Exon Usage ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
First Time

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to determine gene expression and splicing changes associated with parturition and regions (visceral vs. subcutaneous) of the adipose tissue of pregnant women.Study design:The transcriptome of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue from pregnant women at term with (n=15) and without (n=25) spontaneous labor was profiled with the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST array. Overall gene expression changes and the differential exon usage rate were compared between patient groups (unpaired analyses) and adipose tissue regions (paired analyses). Selected genes were tested by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results:Four hundred and eighty-two genes were differentially expressed between visceral and subcutaneous fat of pregnant women with spontaneous labor at term (q-value <0.1; fold change >1.5). Biological processes enriched in this comparison included tissue and vasculature development as well as inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Differential splicing was found for 42 genes [q-value <0.1; differences in Finding Isoforms using Robust Multichip Analysis scores >2] between adipose tissue regions of women not in labor. Differential exon usage associated with parturition was found for three genes (Conclusion:We show for the first time evidence of implication of mRNA splicing and processing machinery in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of women in labor compared to those without labor.

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