scholarly journals A Turner Syndrome Patient Carrying a Mosaic Distal X Chromosome Marker

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto L. P. Mazzaschi ◽  
Juliet Taylor ◽  
Stephen P. Robertson ◽  
Donald R. Love ◽  
Alice M. George
Keyword(s):  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Marker Chromosome ◽  
Skin Sample ◽  
Chromosome Marker ◽  
Turner Syndrome Patient ◽  
Heart Malformation ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Clonic Seizures

A skin sample from a 17-year-old female was received for routine karyotyping with a set of clinical features including clonic seizures, cardiomyopathy, hepatic adenomas, and skeletal dysplasia. Conventional karyotyping revealed a mosaic Turner syndrome karyotype with a cell line containing a small marker of X chromosome origin. This was later confirmed on peripheral blood cultures by conventional G-banding, fluorescencein situhybridisation and microarray analysis. Similar Turner mosaic marker chromosome cases have been previously reported in the literature, with a variable phenotype ranging from the mild “classic” Turner syndrome to anencephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, complex heart malformation, and syndactyly of the fingers and toes. This case report has a phenotype that is largely discordant with previously published cases as it lies at the severe end of the Turner variant phenotype scale. The observed cytogenetic abnormalities in this study may represent a coincidental finding, but we cannot exclude the possibility that the marker has a nonfunctioning X chromosome inactivation locus, leading to functional disomy of those genes carried by the marker.

scholarly journals Karyotype Abnormalities in the X Chromosome Predict Response to the Growth Hormone Therapy in Turner Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 5076
Author(s):  
Jakub Kasprzyk ◽  
Marcin Włodarczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Sobolewska-Włodarczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Wieczorek-Szukała ◽  
Renata Stawerska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Growth Hormone Therapy ◽  
Marker Chromosome ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Rhgh Therapy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Second Year

Short stature is characteristic for Turner syndrome (TS) patients, and particular karyotype abnormalities of the X chromosome may be associated with different responsiveness to recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of different types of TS karyotype abnormalities on the response to rhGH therapy. A total of 57 prepubertal patients with TS treated with rhGH with a 3 year follow-up were enrolled in the study and categorized according to their karyotype as X monosomy (n = 35), isochromosome (n = 11), marker chromosome (n = 5), or X-mosaicism (n = 6). Height and height velocity (HV) were evaluated annually. In the first year, all groups responded well to the therapy. In the second year, HV deteriorated significantly in X-monosomy and isochromosome in comparison to the remaining two groups (p = 0.0007). After 3 years of therapy, all patients improved the score in comparison to their target height, but better outcomes were achieved in patients with marker chromosome and X-mosaicism (p = 0.0072). X-monosomy or isochromosome determined a poorer response during the second and third year of rhGH therapy. The results of the study indicate that the effects of rhGH therapy in patients with TS may depend on the type of TS karyotype causing the syndrome.

A unique mosaic Turner syndrome patient with androgen receptor gene derived marker chromosome

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasime Kalkan ◽  
Nermin Özdağ ◽  
Rüveyde Bundak ◽  
Ayşe Çirakoğlu ◽  
Nedime Serakinci
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Marker Chromosome ◽  
Androgen Receptor Gene ◽  
Syndrome Patient ◽  
Turner Syndrome Patient

scholarly journals Family case of mosaic variant of Turner syndrome with ring X chromosome

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Н.В. Опарина ◽  
О.А. Соловова ◽  
С.Г. Калиненкова ◽  
А.Ш. Латыпов ◽  
Е.А. Близнец ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Similar Phenotype ◽  
Family Case ◽  
Mosaic Karyotype

Представлен клинический случай синдрома Шерешевского-Тернера (СШТ) у матери и двух её дочерей. При стандартном цитогенетическом исследовании c использованием GTG-окрашивания у всех пациенток выявлен мозаичный кариотип с двумя клеточными линиями, один клон с Х моносомией (45,Х), другой - с наличием кольцевой Х-хромосомы 46,Х,r(Х)(p22.3q28). Методом флуоресцентной in situ гибридизации установлено, что в лимфоцитах периферической крови и в клетках буккального эпителия у всех пациенток присутствует мозаицизм Х/Х,r(Х). Количество клеток, содержащих кольцевую хромосому Х, в лимфоцитах пациенток сходно (8-11%), а в буккальном эпителии вариабельно (26-47%). Анализ инактивации Х-хромосомы (XCI), выполненный матери и ее старшей дочери, позволил установить, что кольцевая хромосома Х преимущественно инактивирована. Все три пациентки имеют схожий фенотип с характерными для СШТ признаками. Однако репродуктивная функция, по крайней мере, у матери и ее старшей дочери сохранена. Обсуждаются тканевая вариабельность гоносомного мозаицизма и семейные случаи СШТ с кольцевой хромосомой Х из литературы. The article presents a clinical case of Turner syndrome (TS) in a mother and her two daughters. Standard cytogenetic examination using by GTG-staining technique found mosaic karyotype with two cell lines, one clone with monosomy X (45,X) and other one with ring X-chromosome - 46,X,r(X)(p22.3q28). Fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed gonosomal mosaicism mos X/X,r(X) in peripheral blood lymphocytes and buccal epithelial cells in all patients. There number of cells containing ring X chromosome were similar in lymphocytes (8-11%), and were more varied in buccal epithelium (26-47%) between patients. Analysis of X chromosome inactivation (XCI), performed in the mother and her eldest daughter, revealed skewed inactivation of ring X chromosome. The patients had a similar phenotype signs characterized to Turner syndrome, but fertility was preserved at least in the mother and her eldest daughter. Reported in the literature familial TS cases with ring X chromosome are reviewed.

scholarly journals Severe haemophilia a in a preterm girl with turner syndrome - a case report from the prenatal period to early infancy (part I)

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Berendt ◽  
Monika Wójtowicz-Marzec ◽  
Barbara Wysokińska ◽  
Anna Kwaśniewska
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Severe Haemophilia ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Background Bleedings are more frequent in the population of preterm children than among those born at term, much less in older children. The reasons for such bleedings in preterms include plasma factor deficiencies, immaturity of small vessels in the germinal matrix region, prenatal hypoxia or sepsis. They affect the brain tissue, the gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory system, or are manifested by prolonged bleedings from injection sites. Haemophilia is a rare cause of haemorrhages in the neonatal period, and in the female population it is even seen as an extremely rare disorder. Its aetiology in girls is diverse: inheriting defective genes from their parents, skewed X inactivation or a single X chromosome. Case presentation The article presents a case of a preterm girl born in the 28th week of pregnancy, who was diagnosed with severe haemophilia A stemming from the absence of the X chromosome. The girl’s father is healthy, but her mother’s brother suffers from haemophilia. On the second day of the child’s life, a prolonged bleeding from the injection site was observed. A coagulation profile revealed prolonged APTT which pointed to haemophilia A diagnosis. Moreover, a marked clinical dysmorphy, female sex and a negative family history on the father’s side led the treating team to extend the diagnostic procedures to encompass karyotype evaluation. The girl was diagnosed with Turner syndrome. No bleeding to the central nervous system was observed during her hospital stay. Conclusions Preterm children belong to the risk group of bleeding into the central nervous system or haemorrhages in the course of sepsis. Rare causes of such bleedings should also be borne in mind, including haemophilia. The initial symptoms of haemophilia in preterm children occur in the first days of their lives, which is connected with a number of invasive procedures required in that period. Genetic conditions may coexist with one another. Arriving at one diagnosis does not mean one should abandon further diagnostic procedures in cases where additional atypical symptoms are present which do not match the clinical image of a primary disease.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of hobo-Mediated Inversions in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 647-656
Author(s):  
William B Eggleston ◽  
Nac R Rim ◽  
Johng K Lim
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Inversions ◽  
Hobo Element ◽  
Reaction Amplification ◽  
Notch Locus ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract The structure of chromosomal inversions mediated by hobo transposable elements in the Uc-1 X chromosome was investigated using cytogenetic and molecular methods. Uc-1 contains a phenotypically silent hobo element inserted in an intron of the Notch locus. Cytological screening identified six independent Notch mutations resulting from chromosomal inversions with one breakpoint at cytological position 3C7, the location of Notch. In situ hybridization to salivary gland polytene chromosomes determined that both ends of each inversion contained hobo and Notch sequences. Southern blot analyses showed that both breakpoints in each inversion had hobo-Notch junction fragments indistinguishable in structure from those present in the Uc-1 X chromosome prior to the rearrangements. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of the 12 hobo-Notch junction fragments in the six inversions, followed by DNA sequence analysis, determined that each was identical to one of the two hobo-Notch junctions present in Uc-1. These results are consistent with a model in which hobo-mediated inversions result from homologous pairing and recombination between a pair of hobo elements in reverse orientation.

scholarly journals The value of a simple method to decrease diagnostic errors in Turner syndrome: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedetahere Mousavi ◽  
Batool Amiri ◽  
Saidee Beigi ◽  
Mohammadreza Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Target Height ◽  
Simple Method

Abstract Introduction Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder in females and is the result of complete or partial loss of an X chromosome during fertilization. The missing X chromosome is originally either from the mother's ovum or the father's sperm cell. Approximately 45% of patients have the 45,X karyotype and the rest have other variants of Turner syndrome, which are either mosaicism patterns or structural abnormalities of the X chromosome. Here, we report a case of Turner syndrome that is the fifth case of Turner syndrome with balanced Robertsonian translocation of (13;14)(q10;q10), and the sixth case with 44,X chromosomes, reported in the literature thus far. Case presentation A 10.3-year-old Persian girl was brought to our clinic by her parents, with the complaint of failure to thrive and short height. She had been examined and investigated by endocrinologists since the age of 4 years, but no definite diagnosis was made. At the time of presentation, she had been through three provocative growth hormone tests and had been on no medications for about a year. Her physical examination revealed mild retrognathia and micrognathia. Initially, she was started on somatropin treatment which, after 12 months, did not appropriately improve her height velocity. Therefore, a more thorough physical examination was performed, in which high arched palate and low posterior hairline were observed. There was also a difference between target height and patient height standard deviation scores. Karyotype study was requested, and Turner syndrome was confirmed. Conclusion The diagnosis of this case was not straightforward, both because the somatic presentations were not obvious, and because the physicians had not looked for them when performing the physical examinations. This case report introduces a rare 44,X chromosome karyotype of Turner syndrome and highlights the value in using the difference between target height and patient height standard deviation scores as a simple and inexpensive tool for diagnosis of this syndrome.

scholarly journals Two Separate Cases: Complex Chromosomal Abnormality Involving Three Chromosomes and Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome in Patients with Impaired Reproductive Function

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1511
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Karamysheva ◽  
Tatyana A. Gayner ◽  
Vladimir V. Muzyka ◽  
Konstantin E. Orishchenko ◽  
Nikolay B. Rubtsov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Chromosome Rearrangement ◽  
Marker Chromosome ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome ◽  
Comprehensive Chromosome Screening ◽  
The Family ◽  
Multicolor Banding ◽  
The One

For medical genetic counseling, estimating the chance of a child being born with chromosome abnormality is crucially important. Cytogenetic diagnostics of parents with a balanced karyotype are a special case. Such chromosome rearrangements cannot be detected with comprehensive chromosome screening. In the current paper, we consider chromosome diagnostics in two cases of chromosome rearrangement in patients with balanced karyotype and provide the results of a detailed analysis of complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCR) involving three chromosomes and a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) in a patient with impaired reproductive function. The application of fluorescent in situ hybridization, microdissection, and multicolor banding allows for describing analyzed karyotypes in detail. In the case of a CCR, such as the one described here, the probability of gamete formation with a karyotype, showing a balance of chromosome regions, is extremely low. Recommendation for the family in genetic counseling should take into account the obtained result. In the case of an sSMC, it is critically important to identify the original chromosome from which the sSMC has been derived, even if the euchromatin material is absent. Finally, we present our view on the optimal strategy of identifying and describing sSMCs, namely the production of a microdissectional DNA probe from the sSMC combined with a consequent reverse painting.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document