scholarly journals Effects of Acid Characteristics of Nanoporous MCM-48 on the Pyrolysis Product Distribution of Waste Pepper Stem

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Young-Kwon Park ◽  
Myung Lang Yoo ◽  
Sung Hoon Park
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nanoporous Catalysts ◽  
Aliphatic And Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Product Species ◽  
First Time

Nanoporous catalysts Si-MCM-48 and Al-MCM-48 were applied for the first time to the catalytic pyrolysis of waste pepper stem. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted at 550°C using Py-GC/MS to examine the product distribution rapidly. Phenolics were shown to be the most abundant product species of noncatalytic pyrolysis, whereas aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were produced marginally. On the other hand, much larger quantities of furans and aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were produced from the catalytic pyrolysis over MCM-48, while the production of phenolics was suppressed significantly. Al-MCM-48 showed a much higher catalytic activity than Si-MCM-48, which was attributed to its much higher acidity. The results of this study indicate that valuable chemicals can be produced from waste pepper stem using catalytic pyrolysis over an acidic nanoporous catalyst.

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Achyranthes Root Over Al-MCM-41

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 4081-4084
Author(s):  
Seul-Bee Lee ◽  
Young-Min Kim ◽  
Ji-Hui Park ◽  
Young-Kwon Park
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acidic Properties ◽  
Achyranthes Root ◽  
Formation Efficiency ◽  
Mcm 41

This study examined the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of waste Achyranthes Root (AR) using pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The non-catalytic pyrolysis of waste AR produced various kinds of oxygenates, such as acetic acid, hydroxy propanone, furfural, phenol, cresol, guaiacols, syringols, and so on. By applying nanoporous Al-MCM-41 with acidic properties and mesopores to the pyrolysis of waste AR, the levels of furan and aromatic hydrocarbons production increased with a concomitant decrease in the other oxygenates. The formation efficiency of furans was improved further by increasing the amount of Al-MCM-41 applied to the catalytic pyrolysis of waste AR.

scholarly journals Catalytic Activity of Polynuclear vs. Dinuclear Aroylhydrazone Cu(II) Complexes in Microwave-Assisted Oxidation of Neat Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manas Sutradhar ◽  
Tannistha Barman ◽  
Armando Pombeiro ◽  
Luísa Martins
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Antiproliferative Agents ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Aliphatic And Aromatic Hydrocarbons

One-dimensional (1D) polynuclear Cu(II) complex (1) derived from (5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide (H2L) is synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, ESI-MS, and single crystal X-ray crystallography. Its catalytic performance towards the solvent-free microwave-assisted peroxidative oxidation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons under mild conditions is compared with that of dinuclear Cu(II) complexes (2 and 3) of the same ligand, previously reported as antiproliferative agents. Polymer 1 exhibits the highest activity, either for the oxidation of cyclohexane (leading to overall yields, based on the alkane, of up to 39% of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone) or towards the oxidation of toluene (selectively affording benzaldehyde up to a 44% yield), after 2 or 2.5 h of irradiation at 80 or 50 °C, respectively.

The Use of Low Cost Nanoporous Catalysts on the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 4121-4124
Author(s):  
Young-Kwon Park ◽  
Se Jeong Lim ◽  
Muhammad Zain Siddiqui ◽  
Jong-Ki Jeon ◽  
Kyung-Seun Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Nanoporous Catalysts

This study evaluated the feasibility of low-cost nanoporous catalysts, such as dolomite and red mud, on the production of aromatic hydrocarbons via the catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Compared to the non-catalytic pyrolysis of PET, catalytic pyrolysis over both dolomite and red mud produced larger amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons owing to their catalytic cracking efficiency and decarboxylation efficiency. Between the two catalysts, red mud, having a larger BET surface area and higher basicity than dolomite, showed higher efficiency for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons.

The Effects of Catalysts on Pyrolysis Products of Enzymolyzed Straw Lignin

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Tehani A.E. Yones ◽  
Hai Bin Zhu ◽  
Yin Xuan Fu ◽  
Yong Mei Chen ◽  
Ping Yu Wan
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecule ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Pyrolysis Reaction ◽  
Cu Catalyst ◽  
Cu Catalysts

Lignin is depolymerized to small molecule aromatic compounds, which is regarded as one of the effective ways to achieve utilization of lignin resource. In this study, Al and Cu catalysts were loaded onto enzymolyzed straw lignin by the immersion method, and the product distribution of the catalytic pyrolysis of lignin was studied by GC-MS after being extracted by solvents. Results show that both Al and Cu catalysts can promote the lignin pyrolysis reaction. Based on the comparison of the product distribution without catalyst, Al catalyst is benefit to the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols and phenols, while Cu catalyst contribute to the formation of hydrocarbons, alcohols and ketones.

Darwin's two competing phylogenetic trees: marsupials as ancestors or sister taxa?

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Archibald
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Charles Lyell ◽  
Single Origin ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Richard Owen ◽  
First Time

Studies of the origin and diversification of major groups of plants and animals are contentious topics in current evolutionary biology. This includes the study of the timing and relationships of the two major clades of extant mammals – marsupials and placentals. Molecular studies concerned with marsupial and placental origin and diversification can be at odds with the fossil record. Such studies are, however, not a recent phenomenon. Over 150 years ago Charles Darwin weighed two alternative views on the origin of marsupials and placentals. Less than a year after the publication of On the origin of species, Darwin outlined these in a letter to Charles Lyell dated 23 September 1860. The letter concluded with two competing phylogenetic diagrams. One showed marsupials as ancestral to both living marsupials and placentals, whereas the other showed a non-marsupial, non-placental as being ancestral to both living marsupials and placentals. These two diagrams are published here for the first time. These are the only such competing phylogenetic diagrams that Darwin is known to have produced. In addition to examining the question of mammalian origins in this letter and in other manuscript notes discussed here, Darwin confronted the broader issue as to whether major groups of animals had a single origin (monophyly) or were the result of “continuous creation” as advocated for some groups by Richard Owen. Charles Lyell had held similar views to those of Owen, but it is clear from correspondence with Darwin that he was beginning to accept the idea of monophyly of major groups.

Sphagnum mosses (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) of mires Chefandzar and Masota in North Ossetia (Caucasus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Doroshina ◽  
I. A. Nikolajev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Sphagnum Mosses ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Ossetia

Sphagnum mires on the Greater Caucasus are rare, characterized by the presence of relict plant communities of glacial age and are in a stage of degradation. The study of Sphagnum of Chefandzar and Masota mires is carried out for the first time. Seven species of Sphagnum are recorded. Their distribution and frequency within the North Caucasus are analyzed. Sphagnum contortum, S. platyphyllum, S. russowii, S. squarrosum are recorded for the first time for the study area and for the flora of North Ossetia. The other mosses found in the study area are listed.

An Epistemological Criticism of Social Entrepreneurship: Is Social Entrepreneurship a Sound Scientific Field of Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Forouharfar
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Social Epistemology ◽  
American English ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Knowledge Structure ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Time

The paper was shaped around the pivotal question: Is SE a sound and scientific field of research? The question has given a critical tone to the paper and has also helped to bring out some of the controversial debates in the realm of SE. The paper was organized under five main discussions to be able to provide a scientific answer to the research question: (1)<b> </b>is “social entrepreneurship” an oxymoron?, (2) the characteristics of SE knowledge, (3) sources of social entrepreneurship knowledge, (4) SE knowledge: structure and limitations and (5) contributing epistemology-making concepts for SE.<b> </b>Based on the sections,<b> </b>the study relied on the relevant philosophical schools of thought in <i>Epistemology </i>(e.g. <i>Empiricism</i>, <i>Rationalism</i>, <i>Skepticism</i>, <i>Internalism</i> vs. <i>Externalism</i>,<i> Essentialism, Social Constructivism</i>, <i>Social Epistemology, etc.</i>) to discuss these controversies around SE and proposes some solutions by reviewing SE literature. Also, to determine the governing linguistic discourse in the realm of SE, which was necessary for our discussion,<i> Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA)</i> for the first time in SE studies was used. Further, through the study, SE buzzwords which constitute SE terminology were derived and introduced to help us narrowing down and converging the thoughts in this field and demarking the epistemological boundaries of SE. The originality of the paper on one hand lies in its pioneering discussions on SE epistemology and on the other hand in paving the way for a construction of sound epistemology for SE; therefore in many cases after preparing the philosophical ground for the discussions, it went beyond the prevalent SE literature through meta-analysis to discuss the cases which were raised. The results of the study verified previously claimed embryonic pre-paradigmatic phase in SE which was far from a sound and scientific knowledge, although the scholarly endeavors are the harbingers of such a possibility in the future which calls for further mature academic discussion and development of SE knowledge by the SE academia.

A Nabatean port on the Red Sea: note on the pottery finds from al-Qusayr (al-Wajh, Saudi Arabia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Durand
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Roman Egypt ◽  
Pottery Sherds ◽  
First Time

Al-Qusayr is located 40 km south of modern al-Wajh, roughly 7 km from the eastern Red Sea shore. This site is known since the mid-19th century, when the explorer R. Burton described it for the first time, in particular the remains of a monumental building so-called al-Qasr. In March 2016, a new survey of the site was undertaken by the al-‘Ula–al-Wajh Survey Project. This survey focused not only on al-Qasr but also on the surrounding site corresponding to the ancient settlement. A surface collection of pottery sherds revealed a striking combination of Mediterranean and Egyptian imports on one hand, and of Nabataean productions on the other hand. This material is particularly homogeneous on the chronological point of view, suggesting a rather limited occupation period for the site. Attesting contacts between Mediterranean merchants, Roman Egypt and the Nabataean kingdom, these new data allow a complete reassessment of the importance of this locality in the Red Sea trade routes during antiquity.

Status of Family Fissidentaceae in Gujarat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Shah ◽  
D.N. Mehta ◽  
R.V. Gujar
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Parts

Bryophytes are the second largest group of land plants and are also known as the amphibians of the plant kingdom. 67 species of bryophytes have been reported from select locations across the state of Gujrat. The status of family fissidentaceae which is a large moss family is being presented in this paper. Globally the family consists of 10 genera but only one genus, Fissidens Hedw. has been collected from Gujarat. Fissidens is characterized by a unique leaf structure and shows the presence of three distinct lamina, the dorsal, the ventral and the vaginant lamina. A total of 8 species of Fissidens have been reported from the state based on vegetative characters as no sporophyte stages were collected earlier. Species reported from the neighboring states also showed the absence of sporophytes. The identification of different species was difficult due to substantial overlap in vegetative characters. Hence a detailed study on the diversity of members of Fissidentaceae in Gujarat was carried out between November 2013 and February 2015. In present study 8 distinct species of Fissidens have been collected from different parts of the state. Three species Fissidens splachnobryoides Broth., Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens curvato-involutus Dixon. have been identified while the other five are still to be identified. Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens xiphoides M. Fleisch., which have been reported as distinct species are actually synonyms according to TROPICOS database. The presence of sexual reproductive structures and sporophytes for several Fissidens species are also being reported for the first time from the state.

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