scholarly journals Dyeing of Silk with Anthocyanins Dyes Extract from Liriope platyphylla Fruits

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huayin Wang ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Wenlong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Color Features ◽  
Liriope Platyphylla ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Silk Fabrics ◽  
Silk Dyeing ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Dyeing Rate

A new source of natural anthocyanins dyes, from Liriope platyphylla fruit, is proposed. This paper analyzes the dye extracts, the primary color components of the extracts, the color features of the extracts under different pH conditions, and their application in silk dyeing. The research shows that, nine anthocyanins are found in  L. platyphylla fruits by analyzing the results of the HPLC/DAD, MS, and MS/MS spectra. The five major anthocyanins related to delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin derivatives take up 91.72% of total anthocyanin contents. The color of the solution is red under acidic condition (pH < 3.0) and stays in yellow under alkaline condition with pH values above 7.0. The dye extracts applied to silk fabric with mordant free dyeing show different color under different pH conditions, changing between purple, blue, green, and yellow. However, the dyed colors is light and the dyeing rate is low. Metal mordant such as Sn in chelation enhances the dye depth and improves the fastness of the dyed silk fabrics, especially in silk fabrics dyed by premordanting and metamordanting.

Cold-Pad-Batch Dyeing of Silk with Laccifer lacca Kerr. and Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz Bark

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 2152-2155
Author(s):  
Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit ◽  
Monthon Nakpathom ◽  
Nattaya Punrattanasin
Keyword(s):  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Fastness Properties ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Batch Technique ◽  
Silk Fabrics ◽  
Silk Dyeing ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Color Depth

Cold-pad-batch technique of silk dyeing fabric with two natural dyes (Laccifer lacca Kerr. And Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz bark) using pre-mordant are performed using 3 different mordants namely, alum, tartaric acid and ferrous sulfate. The study showed that color intensity (K/S) slightly increased when the batching time increased from 1 to 24 hours. Dyed silk fabrics have different color shades depending on the types of mordant applied. Ferrous sulfate and alum was found to be the best mordants for improvements of color depth. Various fastness properties (wash, crock and light) of the dyed silk fabrics have also been investigated.

Color Features and Color Spaces Applications to the Automatic Image Annotation

Biometrics ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 1061-1083
Author(s):  
Vafa Maihami ◽  
Farzin Yaghmaee
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Annotation ◽  
Color Histogram ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Automatic Image Annotation ◽  
Color Spaces ◽  
Color Features ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Color Moment

Nowadays images play a crucial role in different fields such as medicine, advertisement, education and entertainment. Describing images content and retrieving them are important fields in image processing. Automatic image annotation is a process which produces words from a digital image based on the content of this the image by using a computer. In this chapter, after an introduction to neighbor voting algorithm for image annotation, we discuss the applicability of color features and color spaces in automatic image annotation. We discuss the applicability of three color features (color histogram, color moment and color Autocorrelogram) and three color spaces (RGB, HSI and YCbCr) in image annotation. Experimental results, using Corel5k benchmark annotated images dataset, demonstrate that using different color spaces and color features helps to select the best color features and spaces in image annotation area.

Solubility of Iron in Model Systems Containing Organic Acids and Lignin

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 893-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKESHI SUZUKI ◽  
FERGUS M. CLYDESDALE ◽  
TIRA PANDOLF
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Gastrointestinal Ph ◽  
Soluble Iron ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ph Conditions

The effect of six organic acids, ascorbic, citric, fumaric, lactic, malic, and succinic, alone and in combination, at a 1:1.9 molar ratio (Fe+2:ligand) on the solubility of iron was evaluated in the presence of lignin under simulated gastrointestinal pH conditions. The enhancing effect, evaluated under two systems of preparation at two pH values, was in the following order: citric&gt;malic&gt;ascorbic&gt;lactic,fumaric&gt;succinic. Citric acid solubilized 80 and 81% of iron under both pH conditions. When ascorbic acid was mixed with fumaric, lactic, and succinic acids, a higher percentage of soluble iron was retained than with these three acids alone. In the case of citric and malic acids, the addition of ascorbic acid reduced the soluble iron. The percentage of soluble iron obtained when prepared at the endogenous pH (2.5–3.1) was higher than that at pH 5.5. These results indicated that ascorbate bound less iron in a soluble form than citrate or malate but more than fumarate, lactate, or succinate. Also, combinations of citric with malic acid did not demonstrate a synergistic effect.

Coagulation-Direct Filtration of Soft, Low Alkalinity Humic Waters

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørnar Eikebrokk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Efficient Removal ◽  
Direct Filtration ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Calcium Sources ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Optimisation of coagulation-direct filtration processes with respect to efficient removal of humic substances, i.e. natural organic matter (NOM) has gained a lot of focus in many countries over the last years. This paper presents experimental results from pilot scale research studies aimed at optimising the coagulation-direct filtration process applied to soft and humic raw waters with low turbidity and alkalinity levels. Comprehensive tests of 3 types of raw waters with different NOM content, 5 types of coagulants, and 3 calcium sources for the purpose of corrosion control have been conducted. Removal efficiencies with respect to relevant water quality parameters are presented, with typical relationships between raw water NOM content, coagulant dose requirements and pH. Generally, when applying metal-based coagulants, residual metal concentration was the critical parameter regarding minimum coagulant dose requirements. Typical NOM removal efficiencies were in the range of 75-90% and 40-70% with respect to colour and organic carbon, respectively. Optimum pH conditions for the removal of NOM and/or residual metals do not always coincide with that of turbidity. The experiments also showed that poly-aluminium and ferric chlorides might have some benefits over alum in terms of dose requirements and range of optimum pH values, and that chitosan may be used for colour removal with good results.

Formation of Electroless Ni-B Coating on Boron Carbide Particles for Composite Processing

2012 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Deepa ◽  
T.P.D. Rajan ◽  
C. Pavithran ◽  
Bellambettu Chandrasekhara Pai
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Coated Particles ◽  
Uniform Coating ◽  
Coating Characteristics ◽  
Coated Surface ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Electroless Ni ◽  
Carbide Particles

The present investigation is on formation of a uniform coating of Ni-B coating on the surface of B4C particle by electroless technique by varying process parameters and pH of the coating bath. The coating characteristics observed on majority of pH conditions on activated particles were mesh-like and at higher pH 12 the coated surface characteristics changes to patch like morphology. At lower alkaline condition there was not enough time for co-deposition to occur and the co-deposits appeared along with the coated particles. The studies with varying pH showed that pH 8 gives uniform coating of the entire particles surface with Ni-B and above which higher amount of co-deposited particles of Ni-B is also observed.

Hydrothermal crystallization kinetics of m-ZrO2 and t-ZrO2

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 2698-2705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond P. Denkewicz ◽  
Kevor S. TenHuisen ◽  
James H. Adair
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Gel Structure ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Apparent Activation Energies ◽  
Kinetics Of

The isothermal nucleation and crystallization kinetics of hydrothermally prepared monoclinic and tetragonal ZrO2 have been determined at various pH conditions. It is shown that monoclinic ZrO2 precipitates at low pH whereas at high pH tetragonal ZrO2 crystallizes from an amorphous zirconium (hydrous) oxide, Zr(OH)xOy, precursor. At intermediate pH conditions mixtures of the polymorphs are formed suggestive of kinetically competing particle formation mechanisms. The data are explained by the proposed existence of three controlling regimes for the formation of crystalline ZrO2: dissolution/precipitation at low pH, a solubility controlled regime at intermediate pH values, and a gel structure controlled regime at high pH. Apparent activation energies for the nucleation and crystallization of monoclinic and tetragonal ZrO2 formed under hydrothermal conditions are presented.

Dyeing Properties of Noni Root Extracts on Silk Fabrics at Various pH Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joong Hwan Choi ◽  
Umji Hong ◽  
Ran Choi ◽  
Sunpyo Hong ◽  
Joonseok Koh
Keyword(s):  
Dyeing Properties ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Silk Fabrics

Mossbauer spectroscopic evidence of a IVFe3+ intermediate in the oxidation of Fe(Oh)2 to α-FeOOH

Soil Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Cardile ◽  
DG Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Spectral Parameters ◽  
Initial Oxidation ◽  
Spectroscopic Evidence ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Fe Species ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Surrounding Liquid

Mossbauer spectroscopy was used to study the oxidation of Fe(OH)2 under high pH conditions with the aim of detecting the formation of Fe(OH)3. The Mossbauer spectral parameters indicated that a small IVFe3+ component was initially present in the Fe(OH)2. The Mossbauer spectra were recorded at 77 K, thus any Fe species in solution would also be observed in the frozen state. The small IVFe3+ component increased progressively with the oxidation of the Fe(OH)2, maximizing with the onset of �-FeOOH formation. As �-FeOOH formation increased, the IVFe3+ component decreased, with �-FeOOH being the final sole phase. It is suggested that the Mossbauer spectral parameters indicate that a component such as Fe(OH)2 may form at high pH values as used in this study. Furthermore, any Fe3+ produced by the initial oxidation of Fe(OH)2 is exsolved from the solid and at the high pH of the surrounding liquid produces Fe(OH)-4 until the formation of the more stable �-FeOOH begins. This suggests Fe(OH)2 could be the building blocks for �-FeOOH in alkaline solution. No apparent Fe(OH)3 phase was observed as anticipated.

Enhanced decomposition of 1,4-dioxane in water by ozonation under alkaline condition

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-Peng Tian ◽  
Qian-Yuan Wu ◽  
Ang Li ◽  
Wen-Long Wang ◽  
Hong-Ying Hu
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Kinetic Constant ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
First Order ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Ph Range

1,4-Dioxane is a probable human carcinogenic and refractory substance that is widely detected in aquatic environments. Traditional wastewater treatment processes, including activated sludge, cannot remove 1,4-dioxane. Removing 1,4-dioxane with a reaction kinetic constant of 0.32 L/(mol·s) by using ozone, a strong oxidant, is difficult. However, under alkaline environment, ozone generates a hydroxyl radical (•OH) that exhibits strong oxidative potential. Thus, the ozonation of 1,4-dioxane in water under different pH conditions was investigated in this study. In neutral solution, with an inlet ozone feed rate of 0.19 mmol/(L·min), the removal efficiency of 1,4-dioxane was 7.6% at 0.5 h, whereas that in alkaline solution was higher (16.3–94.5%) within a pH range of 9–12. However, the removal efficiency of dissolved organic carbon was considerably lower than that of 1,4-dioxane. This result indicates that several persistent intermediates were generated during 1,4-dioxane ozonation. The pseudo first-order reaction further depicted the reaction of 1,4-dioxane. The obvious kinetic constants (kobs) at pH 9, 10, 11 and 12 were 0.94, 2.41, 24.88 and 2610 L/(mol·s), respectively. Scavenger experiments on radical species indicated that •OH played a key role in removing 1,4-dioxane during ozonation under alkaline condition.

Formation and properties of Fe(II)Fe(III) hydroxy-carbonate and its possible significance in soil formation

Clay Minerals ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Soil Formation ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Carbonate Solutions ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Magnetite Phase ◽  
Hydroxy Carbonate

AbstractSmall amounts of Fe(III) induce precipitation of Fe(II) from carbonate solutions around neutral pH values. The reaction involves the formation of Fe(II)Fe(III) hydroxycarbonate, a green, layer-structured compound of the pyroaurite group of minerals. Variations in the concentration of Fe(II) in the solution phase, and in the form and amounts of the total Fe(III) in the system, may cause other phases such as magnetite and siderite to form also. Freeze-dried Fe(II)Fe(III) hydroxy-carbonate undergoes topotactic alteration to a magnetic phase, presumably maghemite, when stored under vacuum. The compound is readily oxidized in air in either the moist or dry state, rapidly becoming yellow or yellow-brown in colour. Oxidation leads to the formation of either goethite, lepidocrocite, ferrihydrite or mixtures of these phases, depending on the mode of oxidation and the impurities present. The similarity between the rapid colour changes and the oxidation products of the blue-green precipitates in gleyed soil horizons and this Fe(II)Fe(III) hydroxy-carbonate leads to the speculation that this and related compounds may be the meta-stable precipitates in such soils, rather than a previously postulated hydro-magnetite phase. Eh and pH conditions for the formation of Fe(II)Fe(III) hydroxy-carbonate are given, and are in the range encountered in the soil environment.

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