scholarly journals Prophylactic Antioxidant Potential of Gallic Acid in Murine Model of Sepsis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harikesh Maurya ◽  
Vaishali Mangal ◽  
Sanjay Gandhi ◽  
Kathiresan Prabhu ◽  
Kathiresan Ponnudurai
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Sepsis Group ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Group I

Present study is to investigate the effect of Gallic acid pretreatment on survival of septic animals and oxidative stress in different organs like lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, and vascular dysfunction of mice. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in healthy adult male albino mice (25–30 g) and was divided into 3 groups each consisting of 6 animals, that is, sham-operated (SO group (Group I), SO + sepsis (Group II), and Gallic acid + sepsis (Group III)). Group III animals were pretreated with Gallic acid at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg body weight for 2 days before induction of sepsis. Animals were sacrificed on 8th day and the tissue samples were obtained for further investigation on lipid peroxidation (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GSH). Gallic acid pretreatment significant (P<0.05) reduces kidney, spleen, liver, and lungs’ malondialdehyde level in septic mice. However, it fails to improve reduced glutathione level in all given organs, while, Gallic acid pretreated mice showed significant improvement in SOD activity of kidney and spleen when compared to septic mice. Finally, the beneficial effects of Gallic acid pretreatment in sepsis are evident from the observations that Gallic acid partially restored SOD and catalase activity and completely reversed lipid peroxidation. Further studies are required to find out the possible mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of Gallic acid on large population.

scholarly journals Development of a lethal model of peritonitis for assessment of laparoscopic and laparotomic treatments in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Salgado Júnior ◽  
José Sebastião dos Santos ◽  
Fernando de Queiroz Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Group I ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Group Ii

PURPOSE: Development of a lethal model of peritonitis to assess the results of treating that peritonitis using videolaparoscopy and laparotomy. METHODS: We developed a model of peritonitis in rats using cecal ligation (CLP) against a 2-mm diameter rigid mold and puncture. Two experiments were performed: determination of seven-day lethality; and analysis of white cell counts, blood cultures and cytokines (Interleukin-1 beta, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and IL-6). The animals were divided into four groups: I - Sham surgery; II - CLP; III - CLP + Videolaparoscopy; and IV- CLP + Laparotomy . RESULTS: Seven-day lethality was 0% in group I, 80% in the group II (p<0.05), 60% in group III , and 20 % in group IV. There was a significant reduction in leukocyte counts and higher levels of serum IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in the group II compared to controls. The percentages of positive blood cultures were higher after videolaparoscopic compared to laparotomic treatment. CONCLUSION: The experimental model provoked a lethal form of peritonitis and that videolaparoscopic treatment had more bacteraemia than laparotomy.

scholarly journals Concentration of hepatic vitamins A and E in rats exposed to chlorpyrifos and/or enrofloxacin

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Spodniewska ◽  
D. Barski
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Gastric Tube ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the level of antioxidant vitamins A and E in the liver of rats exposed to chlorpyrifos and/or enrofloxacin. Chlorpyrifos (Group I) was administered at a dose of 0.04 LD50 (6 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days, and enrofloxacin (Group II) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. for 5 consecutive days. The animals of group III were given both of the mentioned above compounds at the same manner as groups I and II, but enrofloxacin was applied to rats for the last 5 days of chlorpyrifos exposure (i.e. on day 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28). Chlorpyrifos and enrofloxacin were administered to rats intragastrically via a gastric tube. The quantitative determination of vitamins was made by the HPLC method. The results of this study indicated a reduction in the hepatic concentrations of vitamins A and E, compared to the control, which sustained for the entire period of the experiment. The four-week administration of chlorpyrifos to rats resulted in a significant decrease of vitamins in the initial period of the experiment, i.e. up to 24 hours after exposure. For vitamin A the maximum drop was observed after 24 hours (19.24%) and for vitamin E after 6 hours (23.19%). Enrofloxacin caused a slight (3-9%) reduction in the level of the analysed vitamins. In the chlorpyrifos-enrofloxacin co-exposure group reduced vitamins A and E levels were also noted, but changes in this group were less pronounced in comparison to the animals intoxicated with chlorpyrifos only. The decrease in the antioxidant vitamin levels, particularly noticeable in the chlorpyrifos- and the chlorpyrifos combined with enrofloxacin-treated groups, may result not only from the increase in the concentration of free radicals, but also from the intensification of the secondary stages of lipid peroxidation.

Adaptive dose response pilot study of intravaginal Prostaglandin E2 application in free farrowing sows during parturition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Bill ◽  
Heiko Nathues ◽  
Alexander Grahofer
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Birth Process ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Meconium Staining

Abstract Background The duration of birth is an important factor influencing the survival of piglets and the health of sows. A prolonged parturition is usually treated with oxytocin, even though several undesirable side effects are described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) of different concentrations as an intravaginal applied gel in sows. MethodsTwelve sows were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: Group I (control group) application of placebo gel; Group II application of 2.0 mg PGE2; Group III application of 1.0 mg PGE2; Group IV application of 0.5 mg PGE2. The gel was administered intravaginal after the birth of the fourth piglet. Total duration of birth (time between first piglet and last placenta), piglet interval and placenta expulsion duration (time between first and last placenta) were recorded, and each piglet was scored for meconium staining and vitality. Furthermore, stillborn piglets were categorized into ante-partum and intra-partum deaths. Results Although no significant differences between the groups were detected, a beneficial tendency in several parameters was observed in group III. The duration of birth was 284 min (average of 14.3 piglets per litter), whereas in all other groups it was more than 400 min (average of 18.0 piglets per litter). The piglet interval was 10.1 min in group II compared to 10.2 min in group III, 16 min in group IV and 21.4 min in group I. In group III the placenta expulsion duration was 119 min in contrast to the other groups with more than 266 min. Severe meconium staining in more than 10% of piglets was observed in group II and IV. Moreover, piglets of group II showed oedematous and haemorrhagic umbilical cords, lethargy and anoxia, and intra-partum deaths were recorded. Conclusion Although the sample size is limited in this study, it is assumed that an application of 1mg PGE2 intra-partum instead of lower or higher dosages has the most beneficial effects on the birth process in sows and on the vitality of piglets. Further investigation is necessary to confirm the positive effect of PGE2 in daily practise.

Lycopene modulates cholinergic dysfunction, Bcl-2/Bax balance, and antioxidant enzymes gene transcripts in monosodium glutamate (E621) induced neurotoxicity in a rat model

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadry Sadek ◽  
Tarek Abouzed ◽  
Sherif Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

The effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on brain tissue and the relative ability of lycopene to avert these neurotoxic effects were investigated. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were distributed into 4 groups: group I, untreated (placebo); group II, injected with MSG (5 mg·kg−1) s.c.; group III, gastrogavaged with lycopene (10 mg·kg−1) p.o.; and group IV received MSG with lycopene with the same mentioned doses for 30 days. The results showed that MSG induced elevation in lipid peroxidation marker and perturbation in the antioxidant homeostasis and increased the levels of brain and serum cholinesterase (ChE), total creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes BB (CPK-BB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities and gene expression were increased and glutathione content was reduced in the MSG-challenged rats, and these effects were ameliorated by lycopene. Furthermore, MSG induced apoptosis in brain tissues reflected in upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax while lycopene upregulated the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Our results indicate that lycopene appears to be highly effective in relieving the toxic effects of MSG by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and inducing modifications in the activity of cholinesterase and antioxidant pathways. Interestingly, lycopene protects brain tissue by inhibiting apoptosis signaling induced by MSG.

scholarly journals Morphologic and biochemical changes in the retina and sclera induced by form deprivation high myopia in guinea pigs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yingxin zi ◽  
Yu Deng ◽  
Jingru Zhao ◽  
Meiqi Ji ◽  
Yali Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Background: To study the morphologic and biochemical changes in the retina and sclera induced by form deprivation high myopia (FDHM) in guinea pigs and explore the possible mechanisms of FDHM formation.Methods: Forty 3-week-old guinea pigs were randomized into the blank control (Group I, 20 cases) and model groups (20 cases). In the model group, the right eyes of the guinea pigs were sutured for 8 weeks to induce FDHM (Group II) and the left eyes were considered a self-control group (Group III). The refractive errors were measured with retinoscopy. The anterior chamber depth (AC), lens thickness (L), vitreous chamber depth (V) and axial length (AL) were measured using ultrasonometry A. Retinal and scleral morphology and ultrastructural features were observed with light and electron microscopy. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the retina and sclera were detected with a chemical colorimetric assay.Results: After eight weeks of stitching, the refractive errors of Group II changed from (+3.59±0.33) D to (-7.96±0.55) D, and these values were significantly higher than those of Group I (+0.89±0.32) D and Group III (-0.55±0.49) D (P < 0.05). The vitreous chamber depth (4.12±0.13) mm and axial length (8.93±0.22) mm of Group II were significantly longer than those of Group I [(3.71±0.23) mm and (7.95±0.37) mm, respectively] and Group III [(3.93±0.04) mm and (8.01±0.15) mm, respectively] (P < 0.05). With the prolongation of form deprivation (FD), the retina and scleral tissues showed thinning, the ganglion cell and inner and outer nuclear layers of the retina became decreased, and the arrangement was disordered. In Group II, the SOD activity was significantly lower than that in Group I and Group III; the MDA content was significantly higher than that in Group I and Group III. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).Conclusions: These findings suggested that in the FDHM guinea pigs model, the refractive errors, the vitreous chamber depth, and axial length increased significantly with prolongation of monocular FD time, and morphological structural changes in the retina and sclera were observed. Oxygen free radicals might participate in the formation of FDHM.

Can Cardiac Biomarkers (Troponin-I and CK-MB) Indicate Disease Severity and Predict Mortality in Septic Newborns?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşen Orman ◽  
Mustafa Maksut Altun ◽  
Samet Benli ◽  
Atika Çağlar ◽  
Erdal Taşkın ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Sepsis Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Aim: Sepsis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality for newborn babies. Cardiac involvement plays an important role in the pathophysiology of sepsis and has a significant effect on prognosis. In this study, the relationship between cardiac biomarkers, such as troponin-I (cTnI) and creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) levels, and prognosis in neonatal sepsis were investigated.Methods: A total of 87 patients with culture positive sepsis (Group I, n = 26) or clinical sepsis (Group II, n =61) were included in the study. The control group (Group III) consisted of 42 non-septic otherwise healthy newborns. The demographic data of the cases (gestational age, postnatal age, gender, age at diagnosis) and laboratory examination results (complete blood count, C-reactive protein, cTnI, CK-MB, blood gases and lactate and culture-antibiogram results) were recorded in the previously prepared study forms. In addition, the outcome (survival or death), and short- and long-term prognosis of the cases (epilepsy, neuromotor disability, vision-hearing problems, etc.) were also recorded.Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of gender, gestational age and birth weight. CK-MB level was high in 77%, 74%, and 71% of cases for Group I, Group II and Group III, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found in the rates of CK-MB levels in the patients who died and survived (15.8% and 11.8%, respectively) (p > 0.05). The cTnI cut-off value for the newborns included in the study was found to be 0.13 ng/ml (sensitivity 89.5%, specificity 90.9%). It was observed that a 0.001 unit increase in cTnI value (p =0.012) increased the risk of death 1.4 times.Conclusion: There is a relationship between cTnI test abnormality and mortality in septic newborns. However, multi-center studies involving more cases are needed to determine the relationship between cTnI test abnormality and long-term prognosis of patients.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BACOSIDE A ON LIPID PEROXIDATION IN D-GALACTOSE INDUCED AGING MICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Sushama Pawar ◽  
Manmohini Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bacoside A ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Objective: Bacoside A is a major bioactive constituent of Bacopa monnieri L having antioxidant property. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Bacoside A, on lipid peroxidation in brain, heart and liver during induced aging.Methods: Male Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus was used for the present investigation. Four experimental groups were used as Group I-Normal adult, Group II-D-galactose induced, Group III-D-galactose induced plus Bacoside A treated and Group IV-Natural aging. The effect of Bacoside A was studied against lipid peroxidation during induced aging. The level of lipid peroxidation in the form of MDA formation was determined and measured in brain, heart and liver.Results: The statistical data obtained were analyzed using one way ANOVA, control vs other groups and results were expressed as mean±SE. In Bacoside A treated group the lipid peroxidation level in heart, brain and liver was significantly decreased (p<0.001) compared to control group. A significant increase (p<0.0001) in the level of lipid peroxidation was observed in D-galactose induced mice. In natural aging group highly significant increase (p<0.0001) in initial lipid peroxidation, ascorbate dependent lipid peroxidation and spontaneous lipid peroxidation was observed.Conclusion: The observations revealed that, lipid peroxidation was reversed in Bacoside A treated group which may be due to antioxidant property of Bacoside A. Thus Bacoside A is able to ameliorate the stress induced changes in lipid peroxidation during aging. The findings also provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel therapeutic formulations, such as antioxidant supplementation to boost antioxidant defenses in the body.

scholarly journals Quality of Live Improvement Antituberculosis Consumer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Jumasni Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Ii

Antituberculosis is the most liver damage causes. Rifampicin and Isoniazide, in combination, are toxic compounds. Isoniazide and rifampicin metabolits causes lipid peroxidation. The hepatoprotective effect of rosella calyx water extract on liver damage induced with Isoniazide-rifampicin evaluated by examination of malondialdehid levels in the liver organ. 25 male wistar rats divided into 5 groups, ie group I (INH-rifampicin + rosella water extract 250 mg/kgBW), group II (INH-rifampicin + rosella water extract 125 mg/kgBW), group III (INH-rifampicin + rosella water extract 62.5 mg/kgBW),  group IV (healthy control) and group V (Isoniazide-rifampicin). MDA liver levels were analyzed after 35 days of treatments. The test results of each group are, group I has mean MDA levels 0.023912 + 0.011 mg/ml, group II 0.023526 + 0.009 mg/ml, group III 0.027168 + 0.007 mg/ml group IV 0.03437 + 0.009 mg/ml and group V 0.236846 + 0.118 mg/ml. The kruskal-wallis test showed significantly value 0.008 (p 0.05) and Post hoc Mann U whitney test showed that group V was significantly different to group I, II, III, and IV (p = 0.008) respectively, roselle extract can be used as a hepatoprotector antioxidant to improve the tuberculosis drug consumer quality of life through improved health by lowering lipid peroxidation that causes liver damage.

scholarly journals Effects of Spirulina on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Ovarian Toxicity in Rats: Biochemical and Histomorphometric Evaluation of the Ovary

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nese Arzu Yener ◽  
Orhun Sinanoglu ◽  
Erdin Ilter ◽  
Aygen Celik ◽  
Gulbuz Sezgin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Primary Follicle ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Ovarian Toxicity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Cyclophosphamide (Cyc) is known to cause ovotoxicity and infertility in women. Our aim is to investigate the possible ovotoxic effects of Cyc and possible antioxidant and protective effects of blue-green algae, Spirulina (Sp), in rat ovaries. Eighteen rats were given: group I (n=6, control); group II (n=6, CP), a single dose Cyc; group III (n=6, Sp+Cyc), 7 days Sp+single dose Cyc. Tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities are assessed biochemically. Normal and atretic primordial and primary follicle counts for all sections obtained for each ovary are calculated. Mean number of follicle counts for each group are compared. In Sp+Cyc group, tissue MDA levels were significantly lower than those in the CP and higher than those in the C group (CP>Sp+Cyc>C). Tissue SOD activity was significantly higher in Sp+Cyc group than that in the CP group and lower than that in the C group (C>Sp+Cyc>C). No statistically significant difference was found between the ovarian CAT activities in any group. Histomorphometrically, there was also no significant difference between the mean numbers of normal and atretic small follicle counts. Our results suggest that single dose Cyc has adverse effects on oxidant status of the ovaries and Sp has protective effects in Cyc-induced ovotoxicity.

Lipid peroxidation and trace element status in diabetic ketotic patients: influence of insulin therapy

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 789-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Faure ◽  
P Corticelli ◽  
M J Richard ◽  
J Arnaud ◽  
C Coudray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Plasma Selenium ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic ◽  
Gpx Activity

Abstract Lipid peroxidation is known to accelerate aging and microvascular lesions in diabetic patients. We studied the acute influence of improved glycemic control on the concentrations of plasma lipid peroxidation intermediates [malondialdehydes (MDA), organic hydroperoxides (OHP)] in ketotic insulin-dependent diabetic patients, as well as the interplay of enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), and trace elements (Zn, Se, Cu) postulated to be involved in free radical protection. These plasma components were measured on the first day of hospitalization (T0) and when the patient had attained a stable glycemic state after continuous insulin treatment (T1). Plasma MDA and OHP concentrations were high at the beginning of the study but approached reference values after glycemic equilibration. Plasma zinc concentrations were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) decreased during the ketotic state, but also approached reference values with glycemic equilibration. Plasma selenium concentrations and GPX activity were relatively unchanged between T0 and T1. Erythrocyte GPX activity measured at T1 in six patients was below the reference values, whereas CuZn-SOD activity was not affected. Our results show that enhanced lipid peroxidation is associated with decreased zinc plasma concentrations in ketotic patients and underline the beneficial effects of continuous insulin infusion. The mechanisms involved are still unclear but may indicate the importance of extracellular zinc transfer secondary to glycemic disorders.

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