scholarly journals Characterization of Functionalized Polyurethane Foam for Lead Ion Removal from Water

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhashini Gunashekar ◽  
Nidal Abu-Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Lead Ion ◽  
Polypropylene Glycol ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ion Removal

Polyurethane foams functionalized with sulfonic acid groups are used in this study to exchange lead (Pb2+) ions from aqueous solutions. Toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate, 2,6-diisocyanate (TDI) was reacted with Polypropylene glycol 1200 (PPG) in 2 : 1 molar ratio to form a linear prepolymer. The linear prepolymer was further polymerized using N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (BES), which acts both as a chain extender and an ion-exchanger for Pb2+ions. The functionalized polyurethane foam was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The Pb2+ion exchange capacity was determined using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The maximum Pb2+ion exchange capacity of the foam was found to be 51 ppb/g from a 100 ppb Pb2+solution over a period of two hours. In addition, pH analysis was carried out on the foam composition with the best Pb2+ion removal capacity. The pH results based on two-hour exposures showed that the functionalized polyurethane foam performed better at lower pH levels.

scholarly journals Assessment of Novel Synthetized Nanozirconium Tungstovanadate as Cation Exchanger for Lead Ion Decontamination

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Elkady ◽  
E. M. El-Sayed ◽  
H. A. Farag ◽  
A. A. Zaatout
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchanger ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Lead Ion ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Lead Uptake ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ion Sorption

A novel nanozirconium tungstovanadate that was assigned as a cation exchanger was synthetized using sol-gel preparation technique. The response of synthesis parameter variation on the properties of the produced ion exchanger was elucidated. The reactant molar ratio, gelation temperature, and HCl concentration have been optimized to attain cation exchanger with high ion exchange capacity and lead ion sorption. The most proper prepared sample has been chemically and physically characterized using different techniques. The ion exchange capacity of this sample was 2.5 meq/g and it recoded 96% lead ion sorption. The effects of the different processing parameters that affect lead sorption process have been investigated by a single factor method. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to the experimental data to examine the lead uptake mechanism.

scholarly journals Removal of Ammonium Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Weathered Halloysite

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4359
Author(s):  
Jacek Leszczyński
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

This study investigated the use of weathered halloysite as an ion exchange material for ammonium removal from water. The study was conducted under static and dynamic conditions. The influence of such parameters as the preliminary concentration of ammonium ions, dose of halloysite, and pH was examined in periodic studies. The ion exchange capacity of weathered halloysite under various regeneration conditions such as concentration, excess of regeneration solution and the pH at which the regeneration was performed was also determined. The effect of flow velocity, initial NH4+-ions concentration was studied in column tests and the weathered halloysite’s ion -exchange capacity was also determined. The best results of ammonium ion removal were obtained at pH 6. The equilibrium isotherms were described using the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The results of periodic studies show a good fit for the data of both models, with Langmuir isotherms reflecting the removal of ammonium ions better. A good match for the data (R2 > 0.99) was provided by a pseudo second-order kinetic model. The obtained results indicate that a properly prepared halloysite can be a useful mineral for the removal of dangerous substances, such as ammonium ions, present in natural waters.

Equilibrium Sorptions in Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1905-1914
Author(s):  
Miroslav Bleha ◽  
Věra Šumberová
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Equilibrium Sorption ◽  
Inhomogeneity Factor

The equilibrium sorption of uni-univalent electrolytes (NaCl, KCl) in heterogeneous cation exchange membranes with various contents of the ion exchange component and in ion exchange membranes Ralex was investigated. Using experimental data which express the concentration dependence of equilibrium sorption, validity of the Donnan relation for the systems under investigation was tested and values of the Glueckauf inhomogeneity factor for Ralex membranes were determined. Determination of the equilibrium sorption allows the effect of the total content of internal water and of the ion-exchange capacity on the distribution coefficients of the electrolyte to be determined.

The Synthesis and Ion-Exchange Property of Inorganic Material Mg1.5Mn0.5Ti0.75O4

2012 ◽  
Vol 511 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Jin He Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Property ◽  
Insertion Reaction ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Crystallization ◽  
Crystallization Method ◽  
Saturation Capacity

Mg1.5Mn0.5Ti0.75O4 was prepared by a coprecipitation/thermal crystallization method. The extraction/insertion reaction with this material was investigation by X-ray, saturation capacity of exchange, and Kd measurement. The acid treatments of Mg1.5Mn0.5Ti0.75O4 caused Mg2+ extractions of more than 72%, while the dissolutions of Mn4+ and Ti4+ were less than 8.2%. The results showed that the Li+ extraction/insertion be progressed mainly by an ion-exchange mechanism. The acid treated samples had an ion exchange capacity of 10.6mmol/g for Li+.

scholarly journals Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Based on Nafion and a Superacidic Inorganic Additive for Fuel Cell Applications

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Mazzapioda ◽  
Stefania Panero ◽  
Maria Assunta Navarra
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Thermal Transitions ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Electrolyte Membranes

Nafion composite membranes, containing different amounts of mesoporous sulfated titanium oxide (TiO2-SO4) were prepared by solvent-casting and tested in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), operating at very low humidification levels. The TiO2-SO4 additive was originally synthesized by a sol-gel method and characterized through x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and ion exchange capacity (IEC). Peculiar properties of the composite membranes, such as the thermal transitions and ion exchange capacity, were investigated and here discussed. When used as an electrolyte in the fuel cell, the composite membrane guaranteed an improvement with respect to bare Nafion systems at 30% relative humidity and 110 °C, exhibiting higher power and current densities.

Clinoptilolite: a possible support material for nitrifying biofilms for effective control of ammonium effluent quality?

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Inan ◽  
B. Beler Baykal
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Support Material ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Peak Loads

Ammonium selective natural zeolite clinoptilolite is suggested as a possible support material for nitrifying biofilms to help improve effluent ammonium quality through its high capacity of ammonium removal in the process of ion exchange. This will especially be helpful in cases where the biofilter receives peak or variable loads routinely or occasionally. At the time of peak loads or shocks of ammonium, ion exchange capacity will provide a buffer for the effluent ammonium quality. Data to support this suggestion is presented.

Adsorption and ion exchange of some groundwater anion contaminants in an amine modified coconut coir

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloysius U. Baes ◽  
Tetsuji Okuda ◽  
Wataru Nishijima ◽  
Eiji Shoto ◽  
Mitsumasa Okada
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Freundlich Equation ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Coconut Coir

The adsorption of nitrate, chromium (VI), arsenic (V) and selenium (VI) anions in an amine modified coconut coir (MCC-AE : with secondary and tertiary amine functionality) were studied to determine the capability of this easily prepared and low-cost material in removing typical groundwater anion contaminants. Batch adsorption-ion exchange experiments were conducted using 200 mg MCC-AE, initially containing chloride as the resident anion, and 50 ml of different anion-containing water of varying concentrations. It is presumed, at this low pH, that only SeO42− remained as a divalent anion, while monovalent species H2AsO4− and HCrO4− predominated in their respective exchanging ion solutions. The adsorption data were fitted using the Freundlich equation and maximum adsorption for each anion was estimated using their respective Freundlich equation constants. MCC-AE exhibited preference for divalent Cr (VI) and Se (VI) anions compared with the Cl− resident ion. Maximum As (V) adsorption was 0.086 mmol/g, while maximum adsorption of Cr (VI), NO3− and Se (VI) anions was 0.327 mmol/g, 0.459 mmol/g, and 0.222 mmol/g, respectively. The ion exchange capacity of MCC-AE is estimated, based on its exchange capacity for nitrate, to be within 0.46 mmol of positive charges per gram. Similar adsorption experiments were conducted for comparison using commercial chloride-form Amberlite IRA-900 strong base (quaternary amine functionality) anion exchanger, with an exchange capacity of 4.2 meq/g. Maximum adsorption of the different ions in IRA-900 was about 3 times higher for NO3−, 9 times higher for Se (VI), 10 times higher for As (V) and 9 times higher for Cr (VI), than that in MCC-AE. Differences in the ion exchange behavior of MCC-AE and IRA-900 were probably due to the different amine functionalities in the two exchangers. The results suggest that MCC-AE may be used as a low-cost alternative adsorbent/ion exchanger for treatment of anion contaminants in groundwater.

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