scholarly journals Role of Suppressor Variables in Primary Prevention Obesity Research: Examples from Two Predictive Models

ISRN Obesity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Adam P. Knowlden
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Pediatric Obesity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Home Based

Pediatric obesity is a pertinent public health challenge. Child physical activity and screen time behaviors enacted within the context of the family and home environment are important determinants of pediatric obesity. The purpose of this study was to operationalize five, maternal-facilitated, social cognitive theory constructs for predicting physical activity and screen time behaviors in children. A secondary purpose was to elucidate the function of suppressor variables in the design and implementation of family- and home-based interventions seeking to prevent pediatric obesity. Instrumentation included face and content validity of the measurement tool by a panel of experts, test-retest reliability of the theoretical constructs, and predictive validity of the constructs through structural equation modeling. Physical activity and screen time were modeled separately according to the five selected social cognitive theory constructs. Data were collected from 224 mothers with children between four and six years of age. Specification indices indicated satisfactory fit for the final physical activity and screen time models. Through a series of four procedures, the structural models identified emotional coping and expectations as suppressor variables for self-efficacy. Suppressor variables can complement program design recommendations by providing a suggested ordering to construct integration within an intervention.

Piloting the efficacy of a home-based telehealth movement-to-music program for increasing physical activity participation among adolescents with cerebral palsy: protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron Lai ◽  
Laura Vogtle ◽  
Yumi Kim ◽  
Huacong Wen ◽  
Marissa Gowey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Physical Activity Participation ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
Home Based

BACKGROUND For adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) who have mobility limitations, particularly wheelchair users, there are no accessible, inexpensive, and enjoyable home-based programs that can be disseminated on a large-scale to help them independently manage their health through participation in physical activity. OBJECTIVE The primary aim will be to efficacy of a 4-week movement-to-music (M2M) program for increasing physical activity participation compared with a waitlist control group in adolescents with CP. The secondary aim will explore Social Cognitive Theory constructs as potential predictors of change in physical activity levels among participants, to understand the mechanisms through which physical activity changes. The tertiary aim will explore the potential effects of M2M on self-reported levels of two common secondary conditions: pain and fatigue. METHODS This randomized controlled trial will pilot a home-based procedure for implementing a M2M program with behavioral coaching among 68 adolescents with CP who walk or use wheelchairs. Participants will be randomized into one of two groups: a) M2M or b) waitlist control. Waitlist participants will be instructed to maintain their daily activities and will receive the M2M program after completing the 4-week non-intervention period. The M2M program will be packaged into a compilation of video playlists that will be performed by participants three times each week at the home. Outcomes will be measured via questionnaires that will be sent to the participant’s home at baseline and post-intervention. Changes in physical activity participation will be measured via the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment. Measured constructs within Social Cognitive Theory will include self-efficacy, goal-setting, self-control, and outcome expectations. Perceived pain, fatigue, and strength will be measured via National Institutes of Health Neuro-QoL and PROMIS pediatric short forms. RESULTS A 2x2 mixed model analysis of variance will be used to examine changes in physical activity. Appropriate regression analyses will be used to associate changes in physical activity scores on Social Cognitive Theory variables. Changes in pain and fatigue levels will be examined using 2x2 mixed model analysis of variance. CONCLUSIONS To date, there is no program that can be easily disseminated by health professionals across multiple sites and settings to promote physical activity among adolescents with CP who have mobility limitations. A low-cost M2M video program that is supplemented with behavioral change strategies has the potential to address this need. This project will determine the efficacy of M2M for increasing physical activity behavior among adolescents with CP, which will determine whether M2M requires further CP-specific modifications before it can be implemented in a larger effectiveness trial. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04264390

What drives users’ participation in online social Q&A communities? An empirical study based on social cognitive theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheshi Bao ◽  
Zhiyong Han
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine some drivers of users’ participation in online social question-and-answer (Q&A) communities based on social cognitive theory and then identify the underlying mechanism of this process. Design/methodology/approach This study developed a research model to test the proposed hypotheses, and an online survey was employed to collected data. Totally, 313 valid responses were collected, and partial least squares structural equation modeling was adopted to analyze these data. Findings This study empirically finds that the outcome expectations (personal outcome expectations and knowledge self-management outcome expectations) are positively related to participation in online social Q&A communities. At the same time, users’ self-efficacy positively influences their participation behaviors. It can not only directly motivate users’ participation, but also indirectly promote participation behaviors through the two dimensions of outcome expectations. Besides, perceived expertise and perceived similarity are two positive and significant environmental elements affecting users’ participation. Originality/value This study extends the understanding about how participation behaviors will be motivated in the context of online social Q&A communities. Drawing on the social cognitive theory, constructs were established based on the features of these communities. Meanwhile, some mediating effects in the motivating process were also discussed.

scholarly journals Predictors of preventive behavior of nosocomial infections in nursing staff: a structural equation model based on the social cognitive theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed-Mousa Mahdizadeh ◽  
Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly Sany ◽  
Davood Robat Sarpooshi ◽  
Alireza Jafari ◽  
Mehrsadat Mahdizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Perceived Environment

Abstract Background The occurrence of nosocomial infections remains a health threat to patients and hospital staff. This study applied social-cognitive theory for predicting determinants of nosocomial infections control behaviors in hospital nursing Staff. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 280 nurses and assistant nurses were selected by random sampling from intensive care wards including CCU, ICU, NICU, dialysis of educational hospitals in Mashhad, Iran in 2020. Data were collected using a 5-point Likert scale structural questionnaire based on social cognitive theory constructs. Using the structural equation modeling method, direct and indirect relationships of social cognitive factors on preventive behaviors of nosocomial infections were analyzed via AMOS 23.0. Results Our results showed that self-regulation, outcome expectations, and barrier constructs had a direct effect on behavior and the highest effect was related to self-regulation structure (p < 0.001). The constructs of social support, modeling, perceived environment and Task self-efficacy had an indirect effect on behavior and the most impact was related to the constructs of perceived environment (p < 0.05). Conclusion Considering that self-regulation, outcome expectation and barriers have a significant effect on following the preventive behaviors of nosocomial infections in nursing staff. It is suggested that policymakers and planners try to reduce barriers, strengthen behavioral motivation, and empower nursing staff by teaching self-regulatory strategies.

Learning at work: a model of learning and development for younger workers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Robyn Mason ◽  
David Brougham
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
Baby Boomer Generation ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Learning At Work ◽  
Work Environment Factors

Abstract In rapidly changing work environments, individuals need a willingness and ability to learn new skills and knowledge to contribute to their organization's goals and their own employability. As the baby-boomer generation begins to exit the workplace, organizations need to pay attention to developing the capability of younger, novice workers who will increasingly comprise the core workforce of the future. The present study, grounded in social cognitive theory, develops and examines a model of learning and development for younger workers. In total, 1,732 employees in New Zealand aged 16–24 years completed a survey relating to their perceptions, beliefs, and intentions regarding learning and development. The results from structural equation modeling show that individual and work-environment factors both influence younger workers' developmental intentions but affect this through different pathways. The study contributes to a better understanding of the development process for younger workers and offers implications for management based on these findings.

Using social cognitive theory to explain physical activity in Iranian women preparing for pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1024-1031
Author(s):  
Ashraf Kazemi ◽  
Zahra Toghiyani ◽  
Nafisehsadat Nekoei-Zahraei
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Iranian Women

Development and Evaluation of Social Cognitive Measures Related to Adolescent Physical Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Dewar ◽  
David Revalds Lubans ◽  
Philip James Morgan ◽  
Ronald C. Plotnikoff
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Fit Index

Background:This study aimed to develop and evaluate the construct validity and reliability of modernized social cognitive measures relating to physical activity behaviors in adolescents.Methods:An instrument was developed based on constructs from Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory and included the following scales: self-efficacy, situation (perceived physical environment), social support, behavioral strategies, and outcome expectations and expectancies. The questionnaire was administered in a sample of 171 adolescents (age = 13.6 ± 1.2 years, females = 61%). Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to examine model-fit for each scale using multiple indices, including chi-square index, comparative-fit index (CFI), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Reliability properties were also examined (ICC and Cronbach’s alpha).Results:Each scale represented a statistically sound measure: fit indices indicated each model to be an adequate-to-exact fit to the data; internal consistency was acceptable to good (α = 0.63−0.79); rank order repeatability was strong (ICC = 0.82−0.91).Conclusions:Results support the validity and reliability of social cognitive scales relating to physical activity among adolescents. As such, the developed scales have utility for the identification of potential social cognitive correlates of youth physical activity, mediators of physical activity behavior changes and the testing of theoretical models based on Social Cognitive Theory.

scholarly journals Eating habits and physical activity in working adults: a formative research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Badillo-Camacho ◽  
S Torres-Castro ◽  
MF Bernal-Orozco ◽  
NM Torres-Carrillo ◽  
M Altamirano-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Sugary Drinks

Abstract Background: Eating habits and physical activity are important factors for the development and prevention of non-communicable diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyse the beliefs, behaviours, and experiences of dietary and physical activity habits based on the constructs of the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). Methods: An exploratory study with a qualitative methodology and a phenomenological study design was conducted using focus groups, in-depth interviews, and indirect non-participatory observation. The sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed with prior written informed consent. Data analysis was performed using a hybrid approach.Results: Workers reported that they do not eat vegetables or fruits daily; however, the consumption of fast food and sugary drinks was frequent. Participants’ behaviour is influenced by environmental factors such as reinforcements (economic bonus and company meetups & events), barriers (workplace policies) and facilitators (availability of drinking water, free tortillas , dining rooms, and recreational areas); and personal factors, such as low self-control when when choosing foods from the grains group (e.g. Mexican pastries, noodles and breads), and emotional confrontation (e.g. few workers try to use strategies to confront their emotions and avoid them from affecting their eating and physical activity). On the other hand, participants indicated not feeling capable of eating specific foods due to their taste, for example vegetables, and doing physical activity due to factors such as time. Finally, other key elements influencing workers’ behaviours were observational learning (participants eating behaviour and physical activity are influenced by their coworkers and family’s behaviours), social support (coworkers and family) and outcome expectations (participants’ hoping to improve their health by eating healthy and physical activity behaviours).Conclusions: Workers’s eating behaviour and physical activity could be modified if different influencing factors are simultaneously addressed. These findings will contribute to the development of worksite health programs, based on the SCT, to address the key factors that could improve workers’ eating behaviours and physical activity. Keywords: Eating habits, physical activity, adults, workers, workplace programs, qualitative research, Social Cognitive Theory.

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