scholarly journals Physiological Responses to Nutrient Accumulation in Trees Seedlings Irrigated with Municipal Effluent in Indian Desert

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
G. Singh ◽  
Madhulika Bhati ◽  
T. R. Rathod ◽  
U. K. Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Municipal Effluent ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

Leaf water potential (Ψl), net photosynthesis rate (PN), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gS), and water use efficiency (WUE) are greatly influenced by the nutrient composition of water which is used for irrigating trees. The above-mentioned physiological variables and foliage mineral concentrations were observed for Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Acacia nilotica, and Dalbergia sissoo plants irrigated with municipal effluent (ME) at 1/2 PET (potential evapotranspiration; T1), 1 PET (T2), and 2 PET (T3) rates and the control plants irrigated with canal water at 1PET (T4). Increased mineral concentrations in order T1 < T2 < T3 enhanced Ψl, PN, E, and gS. Relatively greater increase in E than PN reduced WUE. Available nutrient in ME enhanced physiological function in T2, whereas reduced quantity of water lowered it in T1 than in T4 plants. Differential minerals uptake increased concentrations of N and P in D. sissoo, Mn in E. camaldulensis, and the rest in A. nilotica. PN was more sensitive to environment than E. Enhanced mineral concentration through ME was beneficial but its differential uptake and accumulation influenced physiological functions and WUE. E. camaldulensis is better for high and continuous loading of effluent and A. nilotica is best for high nutrient uptake. D. sissoo is efficient water user.

scholarly journals Photosynthesis in Leaves, Fruits, Stem, and Petioles of Tomato Plants Grown in Peat Bags with Different Fertigation Management

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 865A-865
Author(s):  
Hui-lian Xu ◽  
Laurent Gauthier ◽  
André Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf P

Tomato plants were grown in peat bags in greenhouse to examine the effects of variation of the nutrient solution electrical conductivity (EC) and substrate water potential (Ψsub) on photosynthesis in leaves, fruits, stem, and petioles. EC of the nutrient solution delivered to peat bags varied between 1 to 4 dS·m–1 with Ψsub of either –5 kPa or –9 kPa as the setpoint for starting the irrigation. The EC variation was adjusted by a computer system according to potential evapotranspiration. Gross photosynthetic capacity (PC) decreased as the leaf age developed. PC in the 10th, 15th and 18th leaves from the top was only 76%, 37%, and 18% of PC in the 5th leaf, respectively. However, low quantum use efficiency (QUE) was only observed in the 18th leaf and low dark respiration (RD) was only in 15th and 18th leaves. Net photosynthesis (PN) was only observed in young fruits (≈10 g FW) or young petioles and no PN was observed in large fruits (50 g or more FW) and stems. Both PC and RD were lower in older fruits and petioles or in the lower part of the stem compared to the younger ones or upper parts. EC variation increased PC, QUE, and RD in most parts. Low Ψsub increased RD in most parts and decreased PC in fruits, stem, and petioles. It is suggested that EC variation increased plant physiological activity of tomato and low Ψsub increased carbon consumption, although it was not severe enough to depress leaf PC.

scholarly journals Developing green super rice varieties with high nutrient use efficiency by phenotypic selection under varied nutrient conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zilhas Ahmed Jewel ◽  
Jauhar Ali ◽  
Yunlong Pang ◽  
Anumalla Mahender ◽  
Bart Acero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Conditions

Photosynthesis and Transpiration in Damaged and Undamaged Spruce Trees

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 200-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloysius Wild ◽  
Peter Sabel ◽  
Lucia Wild-Peters ◽  
Ursula Schmieden
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Diurnal Course ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Needle Loss ◽  
Light Saturation Curves

Abstract The investigations presented here focus on the CO2/H2O gas exchange in damaged and undamaged spruce trees while using open-air measurements as well as measurements under defined conditions in the laboratory. The studies were performed at two different sites in the Hunsrück and the Westerwald mountains. In the laboratory the CO2/H2O gas exchange was measured on detached branches under controlled conditions in the course of two years. CO2 saturation curves were also generated. In addition CO2 compensation points were deter­ mined employing a closed system. In the natural habitat diurnal course measurements of photosynthesis and transpiration as well as light-saturation curves for photosynthesis were performed. In parallel with the photosynthesis and transpiration measurements, measurements of the water potential were taken at both locations. The photosynthetic capacity and transpiration rate show a typical annual course with pronounced maxima in spring and late summer and minima in summer and winter. The needles of the damaged trees exhibit higher transpiration rates and a distinct reduction in photosyn­ thesis than the needles of the undamaged trees during two seasons. The diurnal course measurements of net photosynthesis and transpiration show a maximum in photosynthesis and transpiration in the afternoon in May and September, but a characteristic midday depression in July. Photosynthesis was markedly lower and transpiration higher in the needles of the damaged trees. The damaged trees show a lower increase in the light and CO2 saturation curves and higher CO2 compensation points as compared to the undamaged trees. The water potential reaches much lower values during the course of the day in needles of the dam­ aged trees. The reduction of the photosynthetic rate on one hand and the increase in transpiration on the other hand result in an extreme lowering of the water use efficiency in photosynthesis. The damage to the thylakoid membranes and to the guard cells obviously results in a pro­ found disturbance of the physiological homeostasis of the needles and could thus lead to premature needle loss.

Water demand and water use efficiency of winter barley in Hungary

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Z. Varga-Haszonits ◽  
E. Enzsölné Gerencsér ◽  
Z. Lantos ◽  
Z. Varga
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Use Efficiency

The temporal and spatial variability of soil moisture, evapotranspiration and water use were investigated for winter barley. Evaluations were carried out on a database containing meteorological and yield data from 15 stations. The spatial distribution of soil moisture, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency (WUE) was evaluated from 1951 to 2000 and the moisture conditions during the growth period of winter barley were investigated. The water supply was found to be favourable, since the average values of soil moisture remained above the lower limit of favourable water content throughout the growth period, except for September–December and May–June. The actual evapotranspiration tended to be close to the potential evapotranspiration, so the water supplies were favourable throughout the vegetation period. The calculated values of WUE showed an increasing trend from 1960 to 1990, but the lower level of agricultural inputs caused a decline after 1990. The average values of WUE varied between 0.87 and 1.09 g/kg in different counties, with higher values in the northern part of the Great Hungarian Plain. The potential yield of winter barley can be calculated from the maximum value of WUE. Except in the cooler northern and western parts of the country, the potential yield of winter barley, based on the water supply, could exceed 10 t/ha.

scholarly journals Survey of fruit nutrient removal by mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars for the export market in various producing regions of Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Adriana Mellado-Vázquez ◽  
Samuel Salazar-García ◽  
Ricardo Goenaga ◽  
Alfredo López-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Thin Slices ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

In Mexico there are more than 201 400 ha grown with different mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars. This may cause variations in mineral requirement, fruit mineral concentrations and nutrient removal. The objective of this research was to make a survey of mineral concentration in fruit tissues and calculate nutrient removal by fruit tissues during harvest of the most important mango cultivars (Ataulfo, Kent and Tommy Atkins) from several production regions (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Nayarit, and Sinaloa) of Mexico. Fruit at physiological maturity were harvested from commercial mango orchards and concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) was determined for skin, mesocarp, endocarp, and seed tissues. Each tissue was cut into thin slices and they were dehydrated in a forced air oven at 70 °C, after that, were pulverized and they were analyzed: nitrogen by semi-microKjeldahl digestion, phosphorus with the ascorbic acid method and the other nutrients with atomic absorption. The removal of nutrients was calculated considering the weight of the fruit and the content of nutrients in each tissue. Signif icant differences in the concentration of N, K, Mg, and Zn were found among cultivars and tissues. Concentration of P, S, Cu, and Mn in the skin, Ca, Cu, and Mn in the mesocarp, Ca, S, Mn, and B in endocarp, and S, Fe, and Mn in the seed were not affected by mango cultivar. Production region affected concentration of minerals in ‘Ataulfo’ fruit more than in ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’. Nutrient removal by mango fruit tissues was little affected in cvs. Ataulfo, Tommy Atkins and Kent. The regions with the greatest nutrient removal were Oaxaca, Campeche and Sinaloa for ‘Ataulfo’, ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’, respectively.

scholarly journals Agronomic Biofortification of Cayenne Pepper Cultivars with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Chili Residue in a Chinese Solar Greenhouse

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2398
Author(s):  
Ibraheem Olamide Olasupo ◽  
Qiuju Liang ◽  
Chunyi Zhang ◽  
Md Shariful Islam ◽  
Yansu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Agronomic Biofortification

Agronomic biofortification of horticultural crops using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) under crop residue incorporation systems remains largely underexploited. Bacillus subtilis (B1), Bacillus laterosporus (B2), or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (B3) was inoculated on soil containing chili residue, while chili residue without PGPR (NP) served as the control. Two hybrid long cayenne peppers, succeeding a leaf mustard crop were used in the intensive cultivation study. Net photosynthesis, leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic water use efficiency, shoot and root biomass, and fruit yield were evaluated. Derivatives of folate, minerals, and nitrate contents in the pepper fruits were also assessed. B1 elicited higher net photosynthesis and photosynthetic water use efficiency, while B2 and B3 had higher transpiration rates than B1 and NP. B1 and B3 resulted in 27–36% increase in pepper fruit yield compared to other treatments, whereas B3 produced 24–27.5% and 21.9–27.2% higher 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and total folate contents, respectively, compared to B1 and NP. However, chili residue without PGPR inoculation improved fruit calcium, magnesium, and potassium contents than the inoculated treatments. ‘Xin Xian La 8 F1’ cultivar had higher yield and plant biomass, fruit potassium, total soluble solids, and total folate contents compared to ‘La Gao F1.’ Agronomic biofortification through the synergy of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and chili residue produced better yield and folate contents with a trade-off in the mineral contents of the greenhouse-grown long cayenne pepper.

scholarly journals Trichoderma Enhances Net Photosynthesis, Water Use Efficiency, and Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salt Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Mulu Oljira ◽  
Tabassum Hussain ◽  
Tatoba R. Waghmode ◽  
Huicheng Zhao ◽  
Hongyong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and productivity. The breeding of salt-tolerant wheat cultivars has substantially relieved the adverse effects of salt stress. Complementing these cultivars with growth-promoting microbes has the potential to stimulate and further enhance their salt tolerance. In this study, two fungal isolates, Th4 and Th6, and one bacterial isolate, C7, were isolated. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that these isolates were closely related to Trichoderma yunnanense, Trichoderma afroharzianum, and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively. These isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) under salt stress (200 mM). The abilities of these isolates to enhance salt tolerance were investigated by seed coatings on salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant wheat cultivars. Salt stress (S), cultivar (C), and microbial treatment (M) significantly affected water use efficiency. The interaction effect of M x S significantly correlated with all photosynthetic parameters investigated. Treatments with Trichoderma isolates enhanced net photosynthesis, water use efficiency and biomass production. Principal component analysis revealed that the influences of microbial isolates on the photosynthetic parameters of the different wheat cultivars differed substantially. This study illustrated that Trichoderma isolates enhance the growth of wheat under salt stress and demonstrated the potential of using these isolates as plant biostimulants.

Two physiological races of Tsuga canadensis in Wisconsin

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 940-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Eickmeier ◽  
Michael Adams ◽  
Donald Lester
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Tsuga Canadensis ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Disjunct Populations ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Osmotic Potentials ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Balance

Population differentiation in Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. from Wisconsin was tested by comparing seedlings grown from seed collected within the present range in the northeast and from seed collected in disjunct populations southwest of the present range. The seedlings, established in hydroponic culture, were subjected to two preconditioning temperature regimes and two water stress simulations. Net photosynthesis, dark respiration, and transpiration capacities were measured and internal leaf resistances were calculated.The southwestern Wisconsin population had a more favorable carbon dioxide balance at warmer tissue temperatures, particularly at low irradiance levels, and at higher osmotic potentials, than did the northeastern population, which was better adapted to lower tissue temperatures and lower osmotic potentials. Additional differences between seed sources in seedling morphology, transpiration rate, and water-use efficiency were found. These differences in morphology and physiological responses corresponded to the macroclimates in which these populations were found, southwestern Wisconsin being warmer and drier than the northeastern part of the state.

scholarly journals Management of Plant Physiology with Beneficial Bacteria to Improve Leaf Bioactive Profiles and Plant Adaptation under Saline Stress in Olea europea L.

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estrella Galicia-Campos ◽  
Beatriz Ramos-Solano ◽  
Mª. Belén Montero-Palmero ◽  
F. Javier Gutierrez-Mañero ◽  
Ana García-Villaraco
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Pruning Residues

Global climate change has increased warming with a concomitant decrease in water availability and increased soil salinity, factors that compromise agronomic production. On the other hand, new agronomic developments using irrigation systems demand increasing amounts of water to achieve an increase in yields. Therefore, new challenges appear to improve plant fitness and yield, while limiting water supply for specific crops, particularly, olive trees. Plants have developed several innate mechanisms to overcome water shortage and the use of beneficial microorganisms to ameliorate symptoms appears as a challenging alternative. Our aim is to improve plant fitness with beneficial bacterial strains capable of triggering plant metabolism that targets several mechanisms simultaneously. Our secondary aim is to improve the content of molecules with bioactive effects to valorize pruning residues. To analyze bacterial effects on olive plantlets that are grown in saline soil, photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes (proline and soluble sugars), and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes (superoxide dismutase-SOD and ascorbate peroxidase-APX) and molecules (phenols, flavonols, and oleuropein) were determined. We found photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant molecules, net photosynthesis, and water use efficiency to be the most affected parameters. Most strains decreased pigments and increased osmolytes and phenols, and only one strain increased the antihypertensive molecule oleuropein. All strains increased net photosynthesis, but only three increased water use efficiency. In conclusion, among the ten strains, three improved water use efficiency and one increased values of pruning residues.

Effects of substrate acidity and UV-B radiation on photosynthesis of radishes

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-631
Author(s):  
Irena Januskaitiene
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Growth Substrate ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Exchange Parameters

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the combined effect of substrate acidity (pH 4.8; pH 3.8) and 1 kJm−2d−1 UV-B radiation on photosynthesis and growth of radishes (Raphanus sativus L.). Radishes were sown in a neutral pH 6.5 peat substrate. When the second true leaf unfolded, the growth substrate was acidified using different concentration of H2SO4 and exposed to UV-B radiation for a period of ten days. Gas exchange parameters were measured with the LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system. Content of chlorophyll was evaluated spectrophotometrically. The results showed that the greatest inhibition of net photosynthesis was observed when radishes were grown in an acidified pH 3.8 substrate. The decrease of the photosynthesis of radish plants treated with both investigated factors (substrate acidity and UV-B) were lower compared to the effect of substrate acidity alone. UV-B radiation stimulated both enzymatic reactions of photosynthesis and water use efficiency of radish plants grown in acidified peat substrates. Also, investigated factors had higher impact on biomass of tuber than biomass of foliage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document