scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Paddy Soil, Plants, and Grains (Oryza sativaL.) at the East Coast of India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepmala Satpathy ◽  
M. Vikram Reddy ◽  
Soumya Prakash Dhal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Paddy Field Soil ◽  
Release Potential ◽  
Ranking Order ◽  
Near Future

Heavy metals known to be accumulated in plants adversely affect human health. This study aims to assess the effects of agrochemicals especially chemical fertilizers applied in paddy fields, which release potential toxic heavy metals into soil. Those heavy metals get accumulated in different parts of paddy plant (Oryza sativaL.) including the grains. Concentrations of nonessential toxic heavy metals (Cd, Cr, and Pb) and the micronutrients (Cu, Mn, and Zn) were measured in the paddy field soil and plant parts. Mn and Cd are found to be accumulated more in shoot than in root. The metal transfer factors from soil to rice plant were significant for Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, and Zn. The ranking order of bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for heavy metals was Zn > Mn > Cd > Cu > Cr > Pb indicating that the accumulation of micronutrients was more than that of nonessential toxic heavy metals. The concentrations of heavy metals were found to be higher in paddy field soils than that of the nearby control soil but below permissible limits. The higher Health Index (HI) values of rice consuming adults (1.561) and children (1.360) suggest their adverse health effects in the near future.

scholarly journals Heavy metals uptake by the hybrid aspen and rowan-tree clones

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Malá ◽  
P. Máchová ◽  
H. Cvrčková ◽  
T. Vaněk
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Hybrid Aspen ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Essential Metal ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Heavy Metals Uptake

Micropropagated plantlets derived from selected clones of the hybrid aspen (<I>Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides</I>) and the rowan-tree (<I>Sorbus aucuparia</I> L.) were used to determine the comparative study of uptake of the toxic, heavy metals Cd, Pb and the essential metal Mn. Samples of roots and aboveground parts (hypocotyl-derived tissues, leaves and stems) were taken from the plantlets grown for 24, 48, 96, or 168 hrs under aseptic conditions, in hydroponics with the toxic heavy metal and the essential metal salts. The concentration and distribution of the accumulated metals were determined using the ICP-OES method. The differences in the uptake capacity of hybrid aspen and rowan-tree clones for Cd, Pb and Mn were identified. Generally, the amounts of accumulated Cd and particularly Pb were much higher in the roots of both hybrid aspen and rowan-tree clones, than in their shoots, at all sample times. Conversely, the amounts of accumulated Mn were significantly lower than Cd and Pb in all plant parts of the hybrid aspen and rowan-tree samples. Patterns of Mn uptake were similar in the above-mentioned tissues of both clones, at all sample times. We concluded that the two clones of hybrid aspen and rowan-tree, lacking auxiliary soil microbiota, can accumulate large amounts of the toxic heavy metals Cd (800–1,500 mg/kg) and Pb (5,000–13,000 mg/kg) in roots and about 100 mg/kg of Cd was determined in aboveground part of hybrid aspen.

scholarly journals Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals by Various Vegetable Crops Cultivated on Different Textured Soils Irrigated with City Wastewater

Soil Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Saeed Ahmad Malik ◽  
Shafqat Saeed ◽  
Atta-ur Rehman ◽  
Tariq Muhammad Munir
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Main Site ◽  
Study Sites

A challenging task in urban or suburban agriculture is the sustainability of soil health when utilizing city wastewater, or its dilutes, for growing crops. A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the comparative vegetable transfer factors (VTF) for four effluent-irrigated vegetable crops (brinjal, spinach, cauliflower, and lettuce) grown on six study sites (1 acre each), equally divided into two soil textures (sandy loam and clay loam). Comparisons of the VTF factors showed spinach was a significant and the best phytoextractant, having the highest heavy metal values (Zn = 20.2, Cu = 12.3, Fe = 17.1, Mn = 30.3, Cd = 6.1, Cr = 7.6, Ni = 9.2, and Pb = 6.9), followed by cauliflower and brinjal, while lettuce extracted the lowest heavy metal contents (VTF: lettuce: Zn = 8.9, Cu = 4.2, Fe = 9.6, Mn = 6.6, Cd = 4.7, Cr = 2.9, Ni = 5.5, and Pb = 2.5) in response to the main (site and vegetable) or interactive (site * vegetable) effects. We suggest that, while vegetables irrigated with sewage water may extract toxic heavy metals and remediate soil, seriously hazardous/toxic contents in the vegetables may be a significant source of soil and environmental pollution.

scholarly journals Levels of Heavy Metals in some Commercially available Rice on the Liberian Market

2018 ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Gomah ◽  
R.B. Voegborlo ◽  
R. S. Ngumbu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Health Organization

Human activities such as agriculture, mining, urbanization and waste disposal can lead to heavy metals contamination of food crops, including rice meant for human consumption. In an effort to ensure quality and safe food consumption, this study determined the levels of toxic heavy metals, Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg) and Nickel (Ni) in rice brands widely consumed in Liberia. Hg was determined by AAS technique using a Lumex RA-915M portable Zeeman Automatic Mercury Analyzer. As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni were determined by ICP-MS technique using an Agilent 7900 ICP-MS. The levels of As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg and Ni concentrations ranged from 1.1 to 18.1, 4.8 to 117.9, 50 to 424.5, 1.1 to 37.1, 1.1 to 9.4 and 15.1 to 655.2 µg/kg respectively. The study revealed no significant statistical variability in the metal concentrations between the locally cultivated and imported rice, except for As (P = 0.002). The levels of As, Cd, Pb and Hg in all brands were below the World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization guideline values. Cr and Ni levels were also below the European Commission Guidelines for all rice brands analyzed. The results imply that although the rice brands analyzed contain low heavy metal concentrations, the levels are unlikely to cause adverse health effects to the consuming populace.

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION IN COCONUT WATER

1970 ◽  
pp. 07-10
Author(s):  
MdDidarul Islam, Ashiqur Rahaman, Aboni Afrose
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Wet Ashing ◽  
Aas Method

This study was based on determining concentration of essential and toxic heavy metal in coconut water available at a local Hazaribagh area in Dhaka, Bangladesh. All essential minerals, if present in the drinking water at high concentration or very low concentration, it has negative actions. In this study, fifteen samples and eight heavy metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method which was followed by wet ashing digestion method. The concentration obtained in mg/l were in the range of 0.3 to 1.5, 7.77 to 21.2, 0 to 0.71, 0 to 0.9, 0 to 0.2, 0.9 to 17.3, 0.1 to 0.9, 0 to 0.9 and 0 to 0.7 for Fe, Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Pb and Se respectively. From this data it was concluded that any toxic heavy metals like Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni exceed their toxicity level and some essential nutrients were in low concentration in those samples. 

Assessment of micro and macro nutrients in poultry feeds available in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Md Didarul Islam ◽  
Ashiqur Rahaman ◽  
Fahmida Jannat
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Macro Nutrients

This study was based on to determine the concentration of macro and micro nutrients as well as toxic and nontoxic heavy metals present in the chicken feed available in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. All macro nutrients, if present in the feed at high concentration have some adverse effect, at the same time if this nutrient present in the feed at low concentration this have some adverse effect too. So that this nutrient level should be maintained at a marginal level. On the other side toxic heavy metals if present in the feed at very low concentration those can contaminate the total environment of the ecosystem. In this study six brand samples (starter, grower, finisher and layer) which was collected from different renowned chicken feed formulation industry in Bangladesh. Those samples were prepared for analysis by wet ashing and then metals were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. It was found that 27.7 to 68.4, 57.3 to 121.9, 0.21 to 4.1, 0.32 to 2.1, 0.11 to 1.58, 0.28 to 2.11 and 0.28 to 1.78 for zinc, iron, copper, mercury, cadmium, nickel and cobalt respectively. It was found that essential macro and micro nutrients were present in the feed in low concentration on the other side mercury was present in high concentration in the feed samples.

Analysis of Heavy Metal in Water used for Irrigation, Soil and Some Vegetables grown around Tin Mine Areas of Heipang District, Barkin-Ladi Local Government of Plateau State

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Agustina Onyebuchi Ijeomah ◽  
Rebecca Ngoholve Vesuwe ◽  
Bitrus Pam
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Plateau State

Vegetables growing in mining areas have become a serious food safety concern because of the high levels of heavy metals always associated with mining. In this study, water used for irrigation, soil, cabbage, green pepper and green beans grown in tin mine areas of Heipang District, Barkin-Ladi LGA of Plateau State were analyzed for lead, cadmium and zinc, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentrations of the heavy metals in water, soil, vegetables were all in the order Pb, >> Cd > Zn. In the vegetables, the order was: Pb → cabbage > green beans > green pepper; Cd → green beans > cabbage > green pepper; Zn → cabbage > green pepper = green beans. The transfer factors for all the metals (heavy metal in plant / heavy metal in soil) ranged from 0.95 to 1.48. There were high levels of Pb and Cd in all the vegetables, which may be attributed to the metals in the water used for irrigation. Whilst the concentration of Zn in all the samples were lower than recommended limits, the levels of Pb and Cd in the water, soil and vegetables were higher than the WHO/FEPA standard recommended limits reported for vegetables. The Cd concentrations of the vegetables also exceeded the tolerance thresholds for animals and human beings and therefore consumption of vegetable from the area would endanger the health of the population.

Bacteria diversity in paddy field soil by 16S rDNA-RFLP analysis in Ningxia

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Jianping ◽  
Dong Naiyuan ◽  
Yu Haobin ◽  
Zhou Yongjun ◽  
Lu Yongliang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Bacteria Diversity ◽  
Paddy Field Soil

Determination of Traces Heavy Metals from Solid Residues Formed by Combustion of Lignite in Relation to Degree of Accessibility in Soil and Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2363-2366
Author(s):  
Delia Nica Badea
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Risk Potential

The paper evaluates the presence and content of traces of heavy metals Hg, Pb, Ni, Cd (total forms) from coal and solid combustion products, the degree of transfer and accessibility in the area of influence of a lignite power plant. The content of toxic heavy metals in residues are characterized by RE Meiji [ 1 (Pb and Hg) and REMeij �1 (Ni and Cd) for the filter ash. Pb and Ni content in the soil exceeds normal values, and Pb exceeds and alert value for sensitive soils around the residue deposit (70.20 mg.Kg-1). The degree of accessibility of the metals in plants (TF), reported at the Khan reference value (0.5), indicates a significant bioaccumulation level for the metals: Cd (1.9) and Hg (0.6) inside the deposit; Cd (0.39) at the base of the deposit, Hg (0.8) in the area of the thermal power plant. The trace levels of heavy metals analyzed by GFAAS and CVAAS (Hg), indicates a moderate risk potential for food safety and quality of life in the studied area.

Chemical Hazards

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gochfeld ◽  
Robert Laumbach
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Chemical Hazards ◽  
Environmental Properties ◽  
Organ Level ◽  
Source Use

Building on the principles of toxicology, this chapter describes chemicals by structure, source, use, mechanism of action, environmental properties, and target organ. Major advances in toxic effects include more detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which toxic chemicals damage receptors at the subcellular, cellular, and organ level. The chapter describes properties of various types of inorganic and organic chemicals and their adverse health effects. It discusses asphyxiants, such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide; heavy metals, such as lead, mercury, and cadmium; organic solvents, such as benzene and trichlorethylene; pesticides, including chlorinated hydrocarbons and organophosphates; and a variety of other toxic chemicals to which people are exposed in the home, community, or workplace environment. Several cases are presented to illustrate various concepts concerning chemical hazards in occupational and environmental health.

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