scholarly journals Effect of Resveratrol as Caloric Restriction Mimetic and Environmental Enrichment on Neurobehavioural Responses in Young Healthy Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Shehu Muhammad ◽  
Rabiu Abdussalam Magaji ◽  
Aliyu Mohammed ◽  
Ahmed-Sherif Isa ◽  
Mohammed Garba Magaji
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Polyphenolic Compound ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Caloric restriction and environmental enrichment have been separately reported to possess health benefits such as improvement in motor and cognitive functions. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, has been reported to be caloric restriction mimetic. This study therefore aims to investigate the potential benefit of the combination of resveratrol as CR and EE on learning and memory, motor coordination, and motor endurance in young healthy mice. Fifty mice of both sexes were randomly divided into five groups of 10 animals each: group I animals received carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) orally per kg/day (control), group II animals were maintained on every other day feeding, group III animals received resveratrol 50 mg/kg, suspended in 10 g/L of (CMC) orally per kg/day, group IV animals received CMC and were kept in an enriched environment, and group V animals received resveratrol 50 mg/kg and were kept in EE. The treatment lasted for four weeks. On days 26, 27, and 28 of the study period, the animals were subjected to neurobehavioural evaluation. The results obtained showed that there was no significant change (P>0.05) in neurobehavioural responses in all the groups when compared to the control which indicates that 50 mg/kg of resveratrol administration and EE have no significant effects on neurobehavioural responses in young healthy mice over a period of four weeks.

A Study on the Effect of Samoa Extract (Cleome droserifolia) on Sperm Quality in Male Albino Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Nura I. Al-Zail ◽  
Salah F. Kamies
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Induced Changes

Pyrethroid cyhalothrin (PC) is an insecticide that is used worldwide for pest control in agriculture and household use. Samoa extract (SE) is a potent antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress. The present study investigates the protective and therapeutic effect of SE on PC-induced changes in sperm quality in male rats. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I: served as control; group II: received PC i.p. only (6.2 mg/kg b.wt.); group III: received SE only (100 mg/kg b.wt., p.o.) for eight weeks; group IV: received SE as a protective agent daily for eight weeks, then followed by the administration of PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks; group V: exposed to PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks, then treated with the SE daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that PC caused markedly impaired sperm quality (a count, viability, motility, and abnormality). Compared to PC-treated animals, SE in the protective group markedly restored the alteration of sperm indices. However, SE in the curative group was found to be less effective in restoring PC-induced alterations. In conclusion, the data of this study revealed that the SE as a protective agent is more effective than as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Samoa; Pyrethroid; Sperm quality; Rat

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Apical Sealing Ability of Different Obturation Techniques by Confocal Microscopy: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Reetu Arora ◽  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
Neetu Jindal ◽  
Renu Aggarwal ◽  
Kavneet Takhar
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Abstract Introduction The aim of obturation in the root canal is to completely seal the canal space to eliminate all the portals of entry and exit between root canal and periodontal space. Various techniques have been developed to achieve a hermetic seal. Materials and Methods As many as 150 extracted human maxillary central incisors were taken for the study. Biomechanical preparation was done up to F5 protaper file. According to different obturation techniques, samples were divided into six groups, keeping 30 samples in experimental and 15 samples in control groups. Group I–Lateral Condensation, Group II–Thermafil, Group III–Beefill, Group IV–GuttaFlow, Group V–Positive Control group, Group VI–Negative Control group. After obturation, the samples were immersed in 2% Rhodamine-B dye for 24 hours. Each sample was longitudinally sectioned to examine under confocal laser scanning microscope. Statistical Analysis The results were evaluated with ANOVA and posthoc Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) comparison test. Results The mean values of dye penetration of different groups were Group I (Lateral Condensation) 1.51 ± 0.451, Group II (Thermafil) 0.918 ± 0.399, Group III (Beefill) 1.30 ± 0.559. Group IV (GuttaFlow) 0.655 ± 0.396, Group V (Positive Control group) 1.96 ±0.046, Group VI (Negative Control group) 0 ± 0. The lowest mean value of apical microleakage was found in GuttaFlow amongst all experimental groups. Conclusion It can be concluded that the GuttaFlow obturating material exhibited better apical sealing ability with canal walls.

The Effect of Parathion-methyl and Antidotes on Parotid and Pancreatic Glands: A Pilot Experimental Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betul Gulalp ◽  
Yuksel Gokel ◽  
Derya Gumurdulu ◽  
Gulsah Seydaoglu ◽  
Kenan Daglioglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathologic Evaluation ◽  
Histologic Changes

The objective of this study is to investigate the functions of parotid and pancreatic glands in response to intoxication with parathion-methyl (PM) and the effects of treatment in rats. Seventy-five male Wistar rats were divided equally into five groups: Group I, control; group II, received atropine and pralidoxime (2-PAM) for 24 h, but no PM; group III, oral PM but no atropine and 2-PAM; group IV, PM and atropine for 24 h and 2-PAM; group V, PM and atropine for 96 h and 2-PAM. After the administration of the chemicals, blood samples were drawn to test for amylase, lipase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), while pancreatic and parotid glands of each rat were removed for light microscopic examination. Amylase levels were found significantly elevated in groups II, III, IV, and V, whereas lipase levels were supranormal in groups III, IV, and V. The blood levels of AChE were decreased in groups III and IV and BChE were decreased in II, III, IV, and V. No evidence of pancreatitis and parotitis was identified in the histopathologic evaluation in any group in 96 h; however, hyperchromasia, irregularity in nuclei, and binuclear cells were observed in all parotid glands in group V. Parotitis and pancreatitis were not evident; however, hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia were found, whereas various histologic changes in parotid glands were documented in the groups that were administered organophosphate and treatment.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effects of Fenugreek Seeds and Curcumin on Hematotoxicity induced by Nicotine in Male Albino Rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Azab Elsayed Azab ◽  
Mohamed Omar Albasha ◽  
Manal Abuelkasem Elnaif
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group V ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

The present study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of fenugreek seeds and curcumin on hematotoxicity induced by nicotine in male albino rats. 30 male F-344/NHsd Fischer rats, weighing from 180 to 200g were used in the present study. The animals were divided into five groups (6 rats for each); Group I (control group), Group II (nicotine treated group), Group III (nicotine/fenugreek seeds co-administered), Group IV (nicotine/curcumin co-administered), and Group V (nicotine/curcumin& fenugreek seeds co-administered). At the end of the experimentation and 24 hours after the last dose, all animals were anaesthetized with ether and blood samples were collected by heart puncture. The samples were collected in clean dry tubes containing the anticoagulant substance EDTA and used for the hematological studies. The results showed that the animals treated with nicotine for 4 weeks showed a significant decrease in RBCs count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, MCH, MCHC, and platelets count, and increased MCV and WBCs count as compared to the control group. Co-administration of nicotine with fenugreek and/or curcumin caused improvement in all hematological parameters when compared with nicotine group. It can be concluded that nicotine had a strong effect on the hematological parameters. The ingestion of fenugreek and/or curcumin prevent the hematoxicity induced by nicotine. The current study suggests that fenugreek and curcumin may be useful in combating free radical-induced hematotoxicity induced by nicotine.

scholarly journals The protective effect of curcumin against sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress in rat heart

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.F. Nabavi ◽  
S.M. Nabavi ◽  
M.A. Ebrahimzadeh ◽  
Sh. Eslami ◽  
N. Jafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Rat Heart ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Polyphenolic Compound ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group I ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Fluoride Intoxication

In the present study the cardioprotective effects of curcumin, a herbal polyphenolic compound, against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced toxicity in rat heart was evaluated. Fifty rats were divided into five experimental groups containing 10 rats each. Group I received standard water and diet and was used as a normal group; groups II and III were pretreated with curcumin intraperitoneally for 7 days prior to NaF intoxication. Group IV was pretreated with vitamin C, a standard antioxidant, intraperitoneally for 7 days prior to NaF intoxication and used as a positive control group. The animals in group V were intoxicated with NaF for the same time and used as a control group. There was a significant increase in lipid peroxidation along with a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity in the homogenates of tissues of the NaF-treated animals. Curcumin pretreatment in animals prior to fluoride intoxication normalized the levels of biochemical parameters measured.

scholarly journals Effect of Wild Chamomile Extracts on the Complex of Economic Benefits of Rabbit Meat

2019 ◽  
pp. 643-651
Author(s):  
Roman Voroshilin ◽  
Sergey Rassolov ◽  
Elena Ul'rih ◽  
Marina Kurbanova
Keyword(s):  
Group Iv ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Rabbit Meat ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Wild Chamomile

Introduction. Nutrition has a great effect on the quality of life and longevity. Modern food industry pays much attention to the issue of obtaining high-quality and safe livestock products grown without feed antibiotics. The research objective was to study the effect of chamomile extract on a complex of economically useful traits of young rabbits and the qualitative characteristics of meat, as well as to determine the optimal dosage of chamomile extract. Study objects and methods. The experimental research was carried out on the animal farm of the Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy in 2018. Five experimental groups and one control group of young Californian rabbits were formed according to the principle of analogue pairs. Each group included 10 rabbits. From 70-day age, the animals of the experimental group I were supplemented with a phytobiotic feed additive based on wild chamomile extract at a dose of 0.5 g per rabbit per day. In experimental group II, each rabbit received 1 g per day; in experimental group III, it was 1.5 g per rabbit per day; in experimental group IV – 2.0 g per rabbit per day; in experimental group V – 2.5 g per head per day. The experiment lasted 30 days. Results and discussion. The best result was achieved in experimental group II. In the experimental groups, the rabbits demonstrated an increase in hemoglobin. The use of phytobiotic feed additives in the diet did not cause any pathological changes in internal organs. The average live weight at the end of the experiment, compared with the control group, was higher: experimental group I – by 0.82%, experimental group II – by 6.96%, experimental group III – by 5.01%, experimental group IV – by 3.73%, experimental group V – by 2.80% (P ˃ 0.01). An analysis of the chemical composition of rabbit meat after the experiment showed that the water content in the rabbit meat ranged from 76 to 77%, which suggests high water-holding properties. The high dietary qualities of the rabbit meat depended on the content of protein (20–22 wt%) and the low fat content (5–7%). These data make it possible to promote rabbit meat for dietary products. Conclusion. According to the slaughter indicators and the phytobiotic feed additives parameters of meat, the optimal dose of phytobiotic feed additives is 1 g per head per day.

scholarly journals An in vitro comparative Evaluation of Fracture Strength of Roots Instrumentated with Self-adjusting File and Reciproc Reciprocating File, with and without Obturation

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Pooja Kabra
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACT Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of roots instrumented with the self-adjusting file (SAF; ReDent-Nova, Ra'anana, Israel) and the Reciproc reciprocating file and that were and were not obturated using the warm vertical lateral compaction technique. Materials and methods In total, 75 mandibular premolar teeth were sectioned at or below the cementoenamel junction to obtain roots 13 mm in length. The roots were balanced with respect to buccolingual and mesiodistal diameters and weight. They were distributed into four experimental groups and one control group (n = 15): No instrumentation (group I), instrumentation with SAF files but no obturation (group II), instrumentation with SAF files and obturated with warm vertical lateral compaction (group III), instrumentation with Reciproc File but no obturation (group IV), and instrumentation with Reciproc File and obturated with warm vertical lateral compaction (group V). AH Plus sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) was used along with gutta-percha points. One week later, a vertical load was applied to the specimen's canal until fracture occurred. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (p = 0.05). Results The mean fracture load was 312.83 N for group I, 297.35 N for group II, 359.15 N for group III, 231.51 N for group IV, and 275.81 N for group V. Conclusion The fracture resistances exhibited a statistically significant difference between all the groups. Teeth instrumented by SAF exhibited a better fracture resistance. How to cite this article Tyagi S, Choudhary E, Kabra P, Chauhan R. An in vitro comparative Evaluation of Fracture Strength of Roots Instrumentated with Self-adjusting File and Reciproc Reciprocating File, with and without Obturation. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):20-25.

scholarly journals Effects of Aluminium Chloride Exposure on the Histology of the Cerebral Cortex of Adult Wistar Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebayo Adekunle Buraimoh ◽  
Samuel Adeniyi Ojo ◽  
Joseph Olajide Hambolu ◽  
Sunday Samuel Adebisi
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceptual Awareness ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Aluminium (Al) is presents in many manufactured foods, medicines and is also added to drinking water for purification purposes. Human exposure to Al has been increasing over the last decades. Al exposure and neurological impairments demonstrate mixed findings. The cerebral cortex is a sheet of neural tissue that is outer-most to the cerebrum of the mammalian brain and it plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness.The objectives of this study was to investigate the possible effects that aluminium Chloride could have on the histology of cerebral cortex. Total of twenty adult wistar rats were used for this experiment. The wistar rats were divided into five groups; group I was the control, group II received 475mg/Kg, group III received 950mg/kg, group IV received 1,425mg/kg and group V received 1,900mg/kg via oral intubation for a duration of Eight weeks. The wistar rats were humanly sacrificed and the brain was removed and immediately fixed in bouin fluid. The histological observations of the aluminium treated groups revealed extensive neuronal vacuolation and necrosis (neuro-degeneration) of the cerebral cortex of wistar rats.Based on our observations, we therefore conclude that Aluminium chloride exposure has neurodegenerative effects on the histology of cerebral cortex of adult wistar rats especially at higher dose. Therefore, caution should be taken in its usage.

scholarly journals Biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles: characterization, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11653
Author(s):  
Sanjay Miglani ◽  
Nobuyuki Tani-Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background Control over microbial growth is a crucial factor in determining the success of endodontic therapy. Enterococcus faecalis is the most resistant biofilm-forming species leading to endodontic failure. Hence, the current researches are directed towards discovering materials with superior disinfection properties and lesser cytotoxicity. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize biogenically produced Selenium Nanoparticles, and to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy, against Enterococcus Faecalis, for the following test groups: Group I: Distilled water (control), Group II: SeNPs (1 mg/ml), Group III: Calcium hydroxide (1 mg/ml), Group IV: 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), Group V: 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Materials and Methods Selenium nanoparticles were derived using fresh guava leaves (Psidium guajava) and were characterized. The antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis was evaluated by agar well diffusion method. The antibiofilm efficacy of the test groups was observed by viable cell count, antibiofilm assay, and Anthrone and Bradford’s tests. The morphology of the biofilms was analysed using the Scanning Electron Microscope and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Results Antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of all tested solutions showed superior antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy when compared to the control group. Overall, SeNPs (Group II) was the most effective against E. faecalis biofilm, followed by NaOCl (Group V), CHX (Group IV), and Ca(OH)2 (Group III). Conclusion Biogenically produced SeNPs emerged as a novel antibacterial and antibiofilm agent against E. faecalis. This nano-formulation demonstrates the potential to be developed as a root canal disinfectant combating bacterial biofilm in endodontics after the results have been clinically extrapolated.

FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT, OOCYTE MATURATION AND OVULATION IN GONADOTROPHIN-TREATED PREPUBERAL CALVES

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. BEDIRIAN ◽  
R. D. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Metaphase Plate ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone

Twenty pre-puberal calves, ranging from 85 to 140 kg in body weight, were divided randomly into five groups of four. Group I served as an untreated control. Group II received 1,000 IU pregnant mare’s serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) 5 days prior to slaughter. Group III received 1,000 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) 3 days prior to slaughter. Group IV was treated with 1,000 IU PMSG, followed 5 days later with 1,000 IU HCG and slaughtered 30 h later. Group V received 200 μg of a synthetic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) twice daily for 5 days prior to slaughter. All injections were given intramuscularly. PMSG alone and in combination with HCG increased the number of follicles > 5 mm. Only the PMSG and HCG combination resulted in multiple ovulations (mean 12.5 CL per animal) and follicular oocyte maturation (41% in 2nd metaphase plate). Fewer than 1% of oocytes surrounded by a compact cumulus underwent nuclear maturation, whereas 81% of those with an expanded cumulus underwent nuclear maturation (P < 0.05). Alone, neither GnRH nor HCG caused any appreciable follicular development, oocyte maturation or ovulation.

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