scholarly journals Potential Application of Pheromones in Monitoring, Mating Disruption, and Control of Click Beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gadi V. P. Reddy ◽  
Khanobporn Tangtrakulwanich
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Click Beetles ◽  
Sex Pheromone Traps ◽  
And Control ◽  
Potato Crops ◽  
Wireworm Damage

Wireworms, the larvae stage of click beetles (family, Elateridae), are serious soil dwelling pests of small grain, corn, sugar beet, and potato crops globally. Since the 1950s, conventional insecticides such as lindane provided effective and inexpensive protection from wireworms, and little integrated pest management research (IPM) was conducted. The removal of these products from the agricultural market, particularly Lindane, has resulted in increasing levels of wireworm damage to small grain, corn, and potato crops. The wireworm damage has become an increasing problem for growers, so the demand for a meaningful risk assessment and useful methods to restrict damage is increasing. However, due to the cryptic habitat of the wireworms, pest control is very difficult and leads to unsatisfying results. The prospective appropriateness of sex pheromone traps for employing management strategies against wireworm’s populations was first suggested with experimentation in Hungary and Italy. Simultaneously, considerable work has been done on the identification and use of pheromone traps to monitor population of click beetles. The work has been mostly done in European and former Soviet Union countries. For this paper, we reviewed what work has been done in monitoring the click beetle which was considered as pests and how the pheromones can be used in IPM to monitor and control wireworms/click beetles. Also, the possibilities of using the pheromone-baited traps for mating disruption and control tested in the fields were summarized.

scholarly journals Diphtheria Surveillance and Control in the Former Soviet Union and the Newly Independent States

2000 ◽  
Vol 181 (s1) ◽  
pp. S23-S26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Vitek ◽  
Erika Y. Bogatyreva ◽  
Melinda Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Independent States ◽  
And Control ◽  
Newly Independent States

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in immigrants in Finland, 1995–2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. RÄISÄNEN ◽  
H. SOINI ◽  
T. VASANKARI ◽  
P.W. SMIT ◽  
J. P. NUORTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Country Of Birth ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYIncreasing immigration from high tuberculosis (TB) incidence countries is a challenge for surveillance and control in Finland. Here, we describe the epidemiology of TB in immigrants by using national surveillance data. During 1995–2013, 7030 (84·7%) native and 1199 (14·4%) immigrant cases were identified. The proportion of immigrant cases increased from 5·8% in 1995 to 32·1% in 2013, consistent with increasing immigrant population (2·1–5·6%) and decreasing incidence of TB in the native population (from 12·1 to 3·5/100 000). TB cases in immigrants were significantly younger, more often female, and had extrapulmonary TB more often than native cases (P< 0·01 for all comparisons); multidrug resistance was also more common in immigrants than natives (P< 0·01). Immigrant cases were born in 82 different countries; most commonly in Somalia and the former Soviet Union/Russia. During 2008–2013, 433Mycobacterium tuberculosisisolates from immigrants were submitted for spoligotyping; 10 different clades were identified. Clades were similar to those found in the case's country of birth. Screening immigrants from high-incidence countries and raising awareness of common characteristics and symptoms of TB is important to ensure early diagnosis and to prevent transmission.

scholarly journals Effect of plant spacing and pest controls of Spodoptera exigua on shallots in Majalengka Regency, West Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Agus Nurawan ◽  
Kiki Kusyaeri Hamdani
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
West Java ◽  
Sex Pheromone Traps ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Yellow Traps ◽  
And Control

This study examines the spacing and control of Spodoptera exigua pests on shallot plants in West Java. The research was conducted in Payung Village, Rajagaluh District, Majalengka Regency, West Java from September to November 2018. The study used a randomized complete block design with a total of four treatments and six replications. The treatments consisted of 1) spacing 15 x 20 cm + traps, 2) spacing 18 x 20 cm + traps, 3) spacing 20 x 20 cm + traps, and 4) spacing 20 x 20 cm + chemical. Data were analysed using the F test and followed by the Duncan test at the 95% confidence level. The results showed that the treatment of 18 x 20 cm spacing + traps resulted in the highest productivity of shallots compared to other treatments, namely 13.5 tons per hectare. The use of sex pheromone traps was more effective in controlling S. exigua pests than light traps and yellow traps.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Attraction Range of Sex Pheromone Traps to Agriotes (Coleoptera, Elateridae) Male Click Beetles in South-Eastern Europe

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 733
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Furlan ◽  
Barbara Contiero ◽  
Miklós Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Wind Direction ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Click Beetles ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Sex Pheromone Traps ◽  
South Eastern Europe

The attraction range of YATLORf pheromone traps to adults of four species of Agriotes (A. brevis, A. sordidus, A. litigiosus, and A. ustulatus) was studied to provide additional information about the most harmful Agriotes species in Europe. Male click beetles were marked and released at different distances from a pheromone trap. The recapture rate was calculated and analyzed using analysis of variance. The recapture rate was significantly affected by distance, species, and wind direction. The recapture rate decreased as distance increased. The majority of beetles were caught from short distances (up to 10 m) within the first five days. A. brevis, a mainly crawling species, showed the lowest recapture rate. The wind direction affected the recovery rate, with a significantly lower number of beetles moving downwind from the release points. Maximum sampling ranges and effective sampling areas were calculated. The obtained estimations were low (53 to 86 m and 509 to 2602 m2, respectively) for all the considered Agriotes species, suggesting that they were unsuitable for use as mass trapping instruments to disrupt mating. However, it seems possible to use the traps not only as monitoring tools, but also as attract-and-kill strategies for most beetle populations.

Marital Stability Among Jewish and Mixed Couples Following Immigration to Israel From the Former Soviet Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Lavee ◽  
Ludmila Krivosh
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Marital Stability ◽  
Marital Instability ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mixed Marriages ◽  
Marital Outcomes ◽  
Jewish Immigrants

This research aims to identify factors associated with marital instability among Jewish and mixed (Jewish and non-Jewish) couples following immigration from the former Soviet Union. Based on the Strangeness Theory and the Model of Acculturation, we predicted that non-Jewish immigrants would be less well adjusted personally and socially to Israeli society than Jewish immigrants and that endogamous Jewish couples would have better interpersonal congruence than mixed couples in terms of personal and social adjustment. The sample included 92 Jewish couples and 92 ethnically-mixed couples, of which 82 couples (40 Jewish, 42 mixed) divorced or separated after immigration and 102 couples (52 Jewish, 50 ethnically mixed) remained married. Significant differences were found between Jewish and non-Jewish immigrants in personal adjustment, and between endogamous and ethnically-mixed couples in the congruence between spouses in their personal and social adjustment. Marital instability was best explained by interpersonal disparity in cultural identity and in adjustment to life in Israel. The findings expand the knowledge on marital outcomes of immigration, in general, and immigration of mixed marriages, in particular.

The Contribution of Pavlov's Typology of CNS Properties to Personality Research

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Strelau
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
The West ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Personality Theories ◽  
Strength Of Excitation ◽  
Point Of Departure

This paper presents Pavlov's contribution to the development of biological-oriented personality theories. Taking a short description of Pavlov's typology of central nervous system (CNS) properties as a point of departure, it shows how, and to what extent, this typology influenced further research in the former Soviet Union as well as in the West. Of special significance for the development of biologically oriented personality dimensions was the conditioned reflex paradigm introduced by Pavlov for studying individual differences in dogs. This paradigm was used by Russian psychologists in research on types of nervous systems conducted in different animal species as well as for assessing temperament in children and adults. Also, personality psychologists in the West, such as Eysenck, Spence, and Gray, incorporated the CR paradigm into their theories. Among the basic properties of excitation and inhibition on which Pavlov's typology was based, strength of excitation and the basic indicator of this property, protective inhibition, gained the highest popularity in arousaloriented personality theories. Many studies have been conducted in which the Pavlovian constructs of CNS properties have been related to different personality dimensions. In current research the behavioral expressions of the Pavlovian constructs of strength of excitation, strength of inhibition, and mobility of nervous processes as measured by the Pavlovian Temperament Survey (PTS) have been related to over a dozen of personality dimensions, mostly referring to temperament.

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