scholarly journals Giardia duodenalis: Number and Fluorescence Reduction Caused by the Advanced Oxidation Process (H2O2/UV)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Roberto Guimarães ◽  
Regina Maura Bueno Franco ◽  
Regiane Aparecida Guadagnini ◽  
Luciana Urbano dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Uv Dose ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence Assay

This study evaluated the effect of peroxidation assisted by ultraviolet radiation (H2O2/UV), which is an advanced oxidation process (AOP), on Giardia duodenalis cysts. The cysts were inoculated in synthetic and surface water using a concentration of 12 g H2O2 L−1 and a UV dose (λ=254 nm) of 5,480 mJcm−2. The aqueous solutions were concentrated using membrane filtration, and the organisms were observed using a direct immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The AOP was effective in reducing the number of G. duodenalis cysts in synthetic and surface water and was most effective in reducing the fluorescence of the cyst walls that were present in the surface water. The AOP showed a higher deleterious potential for G. duodenalis cysts than either peroxidation (H2O2) or photolysis (UV) processes alone.

scholarly journals Production of anti-Cryptosporidium polyclonal antibodies and standardization of direct immunofluorescence for detecting oocysts in water

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Cristina Osaki ◽  
Adriana Oliveira Costa ◽  
Ludmilla Della Coletta Troiano ◽  
Ernesto Renato Kruger ◽  
Juliana Tracz Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence Assay

INTRODUCTION: The production of anti-Cryptosporidium polyclonal antibodies and its use in direct immunofluorescence assays to determine the presence of Cryptosporidium in water are described in the present work. METHODS: Two rabbits were immunized with soluble and particulate antigens from purified Cryptosporidium oocysts. The sera produced were prepared for immunoglobulin G extraction, which were then purified and conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Slides containing known amounts of oocysts were prepared to determine the sensitivity of the technique. To test the specificity, slides containing Giardia duodenalis cysts were prepared. RESULTS: The conjugate was successfully used in water samples experimentally contaminated with Cryptosporidium oocysts, and it was possible to detect up to five oocysts/spot, corresponding to contamination of 250 oocysts/mL. CONCLUSIONS: The three immunizations performed in the rabbits were enough to produce antibodies against Cryptosporidium, the standard direct immunofluorescence assay permitted the detection of five oocysts in 20% of the samples, and no cross-reaction with Giardia duodenalis cysts occurred.

scholarly journals Etiology, clinical characteristics and coinfection status of bronchiolitis in Suzhou

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahong Tan ◽  
Jinfeng Wu ◽  
Wujun Jiang ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
Wei Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Mixed Virus Infection

Abstract Background Bronchiolitis is a clinical syndrome commonly encountered in practice, particularly among infants and young children. To investigate the prevalence of pathogens in hospitalized children with bronchiolitis and study the clinical characteristics of bronchiolitis with or without coinfections. Methods We investigated the respiratory specimens and clinical data of 1012 children with bronchiolitis who were treated at the Children’s Hospital of Soochow University between November 2011 and December 2018. The nasopharyngeal aspirates were examined to detect viruses by direct immunofluorescence assay or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) was tested by PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Of the 1134 children less than 2 years with bronchiolitis, 122 were excluded by exclusion criteria. Causative pathogen was detected in 83.2% (842 of 1012). The majority of these (614 [72.9%] of 842) were single virus infection. The most common pathogens detected were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (44.4%), MP (15.6%), and human rhinovirus (HRV) (14.4%). Coinfection was identified in 13.5% (137 of 1012) of the patients. Coinfection included mixed virus infection and virus infection with MP infection. Children with single virus infection had a higher rate of oxygen therapy compared with single MP infection. Conclusions The most common pathogen detected in children with bronchiolitis is RSV, followed by MP and HRV. Coinfection leads to a longer period of illness, increased severity of the symptoms and increased risk of hypoxemia.

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