scholarly journals Development of a Dispersal Model for Balsam Woolly Adelgid,Adelges piceaeRatzeburg (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), to Facilitate Landscape-Level Management Planning

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
L. W. Lass ◽  
S. P. Cook ◽  
B. Shafii ◽  
T. S. Prather
Keyword(s):  
Wind Direction ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Species Dispersal ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Balsam Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Dispersal Probability ◽  
Landscape Level Management

The balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceaeRatzeburg) attacks subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa(Hook.) Nutt.) in eastern Washington, Oregon, and northern Idaho. Historical balsam woolly adelgid distributions present an opportunity to understand climatic factors that influence the species’ distribution at a landscape scale. The distribution data allows for creation of predictive models that detail the likelihood of occurrence and associated geographic data allow modeling of species dispersal. Predictive variables linked to the distribution of the hosts and to abiotic environmental conditions were utilized to create a spatial probability model of occurrence. Balsam woolly adelgid predominantly disperses by wind, and hence, both wind speed and wind direction were used to create a dispersal probability model. Results from wind dispersal modeling suggested that two-thirds of the new infestations were due to July and August wind direction and speed. Average July winds ranged from 0.5 to 3.27 m/s, flowing south westerly, and August winds ranged from 0.43 to 1.55 m/s, flowing north easterly. Land managers can use the results of the predictive model to better understand where current infestations are likely to expand. Prediction of where the balsam woolly adelgid might move allows managers to adjust actions to respond to future insect movement and establishment.

Bridge Design Basic Wind Speed Based on the Joint Distribution of Wind Speed and Direction

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 805-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Wei Ye ◽  
Yi Qiang Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Joint Distribution ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Frequency Function ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Extreme Type ◽  
Sampling Intervals ◽  
The Impact

Based on the method of separation of wind speed and direction variable, considering the wind direction frequency function, ascending order to calculate the probability of the actual distribution of the sample, extreme type Ⅰ (Gumbel) and three parameters of extreme type Ⅱ (Frechet) and extreme type Ⅲ (Weibull) probability distribution to fit the sample, this paper has analyzed the weather station observations of 34 consecutive years of the joint distribution of wind speed and direction near to a huge bridge, gained the basic design wind speed in different directions, comparatively analyzed the impact of the sampling interval of change on the basic wind speed as well. The results shows: wind speed in different directions at the same location or different sampling intervals samples of the wind speed sample may be subject to different types of extreme value distribution, should separately fitting; different wind direction frequency of extreme wind speed occurrence and the basic wind speed there are certain differences, taking into account the joint distribution of wind speed and direction is necessary to determine the design basic wind speed of the bridge, and will be conservative without considering the joint distribution; for the same sample wind speed matrix, the shorter the sampling intervals, the optimal distribution of the higher probability model fitting precision, the smaller the basic wind speed, the more economic and reasonable the results.

scholarly journals Distribution of the Balsam Woolly Adelgid in Idaho

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Livingston ◽  
J.E. Dewey ◽  
D.P. Beckman ◽  
L.E. Stipe
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
The State ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Aerial Surveys ◽  
Host Type ◽  
Ecological Values ◽  
Balsam Woolly Adelgid

Abstract The balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae) was introduced from Europe to northeastern North America in about 1900. In 1983, it was discovered infesting fir trees in Idaho. Since then, aerial and ground surveys have documented its spread in Idaho over an area of approximately 14,000 mi2 (8,960,000 ac). It now covers most of the central one-third of the state. Aerial surveys in 1997 and 1998 identified about 125,000 ac of host type with dead or damaged trees. Subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) is a critical species in many high elevation areas. The effects of the balsam wooly adelgid on aesthetics, hydrology, and other ecological values can be very important. The adelgid is likely to continue its spread throughout subalpine fir forests of Idaho and neighboring states. West. J. Appl. For. 15(4):227-231,

Oceanographic observations in Sullom Voe, Shetland in the period 1974–78

1981 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 55-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Dooley
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Tidal Currents ◽  
Current Amplitude ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Flushing Time ◽  
The North ◽  
Longitudinal Gradients ◽  
Freshwater Balance

SynopsisIn the five years to 1978 hydrographic surveys were conducted in Sullom Voe, Shetland and these have been supplemented since 1976 by current measurements. Conditions varied from year to year mainly due to climatic factors, the most marked changes occurring at the head of the voe where varying degrees of stagnation were encountered.In summer the voe is weakly stratified. In winter longitudinal gradients are encountered mainly because of a slight reduction in salinity towards the head. Because of this the surface waters of the voe are more readily flushed in summer than in winter when the flushing time, calculated from the freshwater balance, is at least 15 days. The current measurements show that rapid renewal of the surface waters occurs in the summer during storms. Because the voe is open to the north, southerly winds, blowing surface waters out of the voe, drive a much stronger circulation than winds from the north and this is the main reason for the intermittent breakdown of stagnation in the upper basin. Tidal currents are very weak (<7 cm/s) but occasionally seiches, generated by sudden changes in the wind direction, with a period of about 1 hour and current amplitude of 15 cm/s are encountered. Nutrients from the adjacent tidally mixed Yell Sound are intermittently supplied to the voe by these wind-driven processes and as a result, high levels of productivity are encountered at intervals throughout the summer.

Anthropogenic Releases of Radiocarbon and its Concentration Burden in Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghaffar ◽  
Zainab Hafeez ◽  
Syeda Maria Ali
Keyword(s):  
Wind Direction ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Research Reactor ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Prevailing Wind ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
Pee Dee ◽  
Nuclear Research Reactor ◽  
Vegetation Samples

: The radiocarbon (14C) concentrations in air and vegetation samples around a nuclear research reactor were studied. Objective: 14C concentrations in the air and vegetation samples around the nuclear research reactor were measured to assess its 14C burden on the environment. Methods: Air samples were collected by converting CO2 into Na2CO3 by using a specified system. Leaf samples were carbonized to convert organic carbon into inorganic carbonates. The samples were converted into carbamate through carbosorb systems with 74% efficiency. The fractionation of 14C for each sample was corrected and normalized to a 13C composition of -25‰ Pee Dee Belemnite. Results: 14C concentrations in the air and vegetation samples around the nuclear research reactor were found to range from 158 to 406 Bq/Kg and 162 to 339 Bq/kgC, respectively. The highest concentrations of 14C were found in the samples close to the reactor and along the prevailing wind direction. The specific activities of the samples decreased with an increase in the distance from the reactor and in the opposite to prevailing wind direction. In addition to the distance from the reactor and wind direction, the local Suess effect was an additional factor affecting the 14C activities in the air and vegetation samples. Conclusion: One can conclude that other than the 14C emissions from the nuclear reactor, local Suess effects and climatic factors (wind directions) dilute and disperse 14C concentrations in the atmosphere and consequently decrease its availability for uptake and accumulation by plants at 4-5 km aerial distance from the point of release in prevailing wind direction.

Probability model for control parameters in the aircraft's information and control systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
A. Al-Ammouri ◽  
◽  
H.A. Al-Ammori ◽  
A.E. Klochan ◽  
A.M. Al-Akhmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
And Control

EPIDEMIOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND PREVALENCE OF SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS FROM KOSHI REGION OF NORTH BIHAR.

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LAKSHMI CHOUDHARY ◽  
PRABHAWATI PRABHAWATI
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Prevalence of soil transmitted helminthes infections in apparently healthy school going children and other 528 people of different districts of Koshi regions of North Bihar were evaluated. Over all incidences of STHs infection was 39.39% during study. High incidence of STH was seen in the rainy season i.e., in the month of July and August, September, significantly higher (P<0.05) .The incidence of Ascaris lumbricoides was highest in the month of August (18.64%). The month of September was 15.25% followed by that of July (14.4%) and October with 10.16%. Also the incidence of hookworm registered the highest incidence in the month of June (19.27%) and lowest in the month of December (4.82%) during the study period. However prevalence of Trichuris trichiura was negligible and it was almost nil in the most of the months but was highest in month of September with 28.57% and lowest in October with 14.00% The climatic factors are responsible for soil transmitted helminthes which are temperature, rainfall and relative humidity. Ascariasis, Trichuriasis and Ancyclostomiasis (Hookworm infection) are found to be endemic in this region.

ANALYSIS OF REGULATIONS REGARDING THE SETTLEMENT OF ISSUES ON THE REMOVAL AND RECOVERY OF PLANTATIONS IN THE RIGHT-OF-WAY OF PUBLIC ROADS

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kharytonova ◽  
Olha Mykolaienko ◽  
Tetyana Lozova
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Visual Orientation ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Overhead Power Lines ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neck Diameter ◽  
Proper Operation

Greening of roads contributes to the protection of roads and their elements from influence of adverse weather and climatic factors; it includes the measures for improvement and landscaping of roads, ensures the protection of roadside areas from transport pollution, provides visual orientation of drivers. The solution of these issues will ensure creation and maintenance of safe and comfortable conditions for travelers. Green plantings in the right-of-way road area include woody, bushy, flower and grass vegetation of natural and artificial origin. For proper operation of public roads and satisfaction of other needs of the industry, there may be the need in removing the greenery. The reason for the removal of greenery in the right-of-way road area may be due to the following factors: construction of the architectural object, widening of the motor road, repair works in the security zone of overhead power lines, water supply, drainage, heating, telecommunications facilities, cutting of hazardous, dry and fautal trees, as well as self-grown and brushwood trees with a root neck diameter not exceeding 5 cm, elimination of the consequences of natural disasters and emergencies. The removal of plantations in the right-of-way area is executed in order to ensure traffic safety conditions and to improve the quality of plantations composition and their protective properties. Nowadays, in Ukraine there is no clear procedure for issuing permits for removing of such plantations. In order to resolve this issue, there is a need in determining the list of regulations in the area of forest resources of Ukraine and, if needed, the list of regulatory acts that have to be improved; to prepare a draft of the regulatory legal act that would establish the procedure of plantations cutting, the methodology of their condition determination, recovery costs determination, the features of cutting. Keywords: plantations, cutting, right-of-way, woodcutting permit, order.

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